‘동해’를 통해 본 생태주의의 제문제 - 북한의 문학예술작품 『동해천리』와『동해의 노래』에 대한 생태학적 고찰 -

Rethinking of East Sea Ecology : The Ecological Study of North Korean Literature-Art, 『East Sea Thousand ri』 and 『Song of East Sea』

본 논문은 동해를 중심으로 북한의 생태이데올로기와 주체사상의 통치이데올로기가 어떤 상관관계를 지니는지 고찰했다. 남북한은 하나의 생태권에 속한다는 점에서 생태협력의 가능성을 찾을 수 있다. 그러나 체제의 차이로 인해 협력 문제는 여러 난관에 봉착했다. 문화로서의 생태주의가 하나의 대안이 될 수 있다. 이를 위해 생태주의의 세 가지 쟁점을 연구관점으로 세웠다. 첫째, 지속가능한 개발론과 성장의 한계. 둘째, 생태 공동체론의 가능성. 셋째, 생태적 주체의 구성 등이 그것이다. 북한 사회의 환경 문제는 매우 심각한 수준이다. 이에 1980년대 환경보호 정책을 국가적으로 펼치고 있으나 실제 환경보호 개선은 이루어지지 않고 있다. 자연 재해, 국제적 고립, 무분별한 근대발전론 등의 다양한 원인으로 생태계 파괴가 급속도로 진행되고 있다. 그러나 북한예술작품(『동해천리』와『동해의 노래』)에서는 이러한 상황과는 반대되게 사회주의 근대국가에 대한 낭만적 재현, 민족주의적인 공간 표상의 생태학적 분할, 근대과학기술주의와 결합된 민족자립경제의 이상 등이 복합적으로 연계되어 에코파시즘적 경향을 노출하고 있다. 앞으로 문화로서의 남북한 생태주의에 대한 논의가 요구된다.

This study is about the correlation of ecological ideology withgoverning principle in North Korea. It's based on North KoreanLiterature-Art, East Sea Thousand ri(Baek Nam-Ryong, 1995) and  Song of East Sea(The Central TV of Chosun, 2005). Their ecologicalawareness is closely associated with ‘Juche Idea’. North Korea'secological situation had been mostly destroyed for several decades. Atlast, in 1986 the environmental protection law was enacted. Kim, Jung-Ilemphasized towards his people that the protection of environment was asort of national obligation. But North Korean's ecological discourse isextremely little and monotonic as compared with the seriousness ofproblem they have. North Korea's protection of environment isimplemented by nation centric and government lead. I insist that theecology showed in this study will be a good opportunity to cooperateeach other between North and South Korea because two nations areunder the same ecological system and sharing it. It is why this studypays attention to the East Sea. The contents of analysis of East SeaThousand ri and Song of East Sea are as below. The North Koreanecological ideology is not explained with separation from Juche Idea.North Korea-style socialism which has been realized from late 1980scan be briefly described as the Sociopolitical organism. TheSociopolitical organism is a ideology which can be made to imagine thatthe Communist Party, the Leader and people all is as a organic living thing impacted with each other. And absolutely, it has strong influencesto ecological ideology. On the other hand, I contemplate that theromantic perception of ecology has been manipulated by construction ofsocialist country. The ideal representation on nature and the modernismis connected directly without any conflicts. In other words, themodernism and ecology co-exist without contradiction. At this part, thecritical analysis is needed. North Korean ecological ideology is combinedwith the superiority of their own people. Therefore, ecology in NorthKorea has characteristic of the ecofascism. We need to criticise thepoint that the construction of socialist country, the scientific technicismand nationalism become all integrated into one ecological ideology. Forsome years, 'Ecology as a culture' needs to be discussed in depth andneeds to be understood with objectivity between North and South Koreafor their ecological partnership.