DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

카카오(Theobroma cacao L.) 용매 분획물의 항산화 및 항염증 효과

Anti-Oxidative and Anti-Inflammatory Effects of the Solvent Fraction from Theobroma cacao L. Extract

  • 김영선 (대구한의대학교 화장품약리학과) ;
  • 이진영 (호서대학교 한방화장품과학과) ;
  • 조영제 (경북대학교 식품공학부 & 식품생물산업 연구소) ;
  • 안봉전 (대구한의대학교 화장품약리학과)
  • Kim, Young-Sun (Department of Cosmeceutical Science, Daegu Haany University) ;
  • Lee, Jin-Young (Department of Herbal Cosmetic Science, Hoseo University) ;
  • Cho, Young-Je (School of Food Science & Biotechnology, Food & Bio-Industry Research Institute, Kyungpook National University) ;
  • An, Bong-Jeun (Department of Cosmeceutical Science, Daegu Haany University)
  • 투고 : 2012.07.09
  • 심사 : 2012.10.08
  • 발행 : 2012.10.30

초록

본 연구는 카카오를 화장품 소재로 활용하기 위하여 항산화 및 항염증 효과를 검증하여 기능성 화장품 소재로서의 가능성을 검토하였다. 아세톤 추출물을 이용하여 클로로포름층, 에틸아세테이트층, 부탄올층, 물층의 극성별로 분획을 실시하였다. 카카오 분획물의 전자공여능은 100 ${\mu}g/ml$에서 에틸아세테이트 분획물이 76.2%, 부탄올 분획물이 53.9%의 소거능을 나타내었다. 또한, superoxide anion radical 소거능 측정 결과, 에틸아세테이트 분획물과 부탄올 분획물이 50 ${\mu}g/ml$에서 각각 76.09%, 51.4%의 소거능이 나타났고, $Fe^{2+}$, $Cu^{2+}$의 첨가에 따른 지방산패 억제능에서 $Fe^{2+}$를 첨가한 군에서는 에틸아세테이트 분획물이 50 ${\mu}g/ml$에서 64%로 $Cu^{2+}$를 첨가한 군보다 저해능이 높았다. 항염증 효과 측정으로 hyaluronidase 저해 활성을 측정한 결과, 부탄올 분획물의 경우 100 ${\mu}g/ml$에서 53.04%의 저해활성을 나타내었으며, lipoxygenase 저해 활성 측정결과 10 ${\mu}g/ml$에서 51.32%의 저해활성을 나타내었다. 대식세포를 이용한 nitric oxide (NO) 저해활성을 측정한 결과 카카오 에틸아세테이트 분획물에서 가장 높은 NO 저해활성을 나타냄을 확인할 수 있었다. 또한 대식세포 내에서 에틸아세테이트 분획물 100 ${\mu}g/ml$ 농도에서 iNOS, COX-2 단백질 발현을 저해하였다.

Solvent extracts of Theobroma cacao L. (TCL) were investigated for anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory effects in order to consider TCL as a functional ingredient for cosmetic products. TCL(A) extract was fractioned according to polarity with $CHCl_3$, EtOAc, n-BuOH, and water. Following TCL(A) fractionation, the electron-donating ability of the n-BuOH and EtOAc solvent fractions (each 100 ${\mu}g/ml$) was about 76.2% and 53.9%, respectively. The superoxide anion radical inhibitory effect of the n-BuOH and EtOAc solvent fractions (each 50 ${\mu}g/ml$) was about 76.09% and 51.4%, respectively. Results of lipid oxidation showed that $Fe^{2+}$ had a greater chelating effect than $Cu^{2+}$. The $Fe^{2+}$ chelating effect of the EtOAc solvent fraction (50 ${\mu}g/ml$) was about 64%. Hyaluronidase inhibition related to the anti-inflammatory effect was 53.0% with EtOAc at 100 ${\mu}g/ml$, while the lipoxygenase inhibitory effect was about 51.32% at 10 ${\mu}g/ml$. The anti-inflammatory activity in the EtOAc fraction inhibited the generation of nitric oxide. Results also showed that iNOS protein expression increased in RAW264.7 cells. In contrast, at 100 ${\mu}g/ml$ EtOAc, iNOS and COX-2 protein expression significantly decreased in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells.

키워드

참고문헌

  1. An, B. J. and Lee, J. T. 1998. Studies on the chemical structure of polyphenols isolated from medicinal plant. J. Life Resour. Ind. 3, 48-58.
  2. Association of Analytical Chemists. 1984. Offical methods of analysis of the AOAC. 14th eds. Washington (DC): Association of Analytical Chemists INC.
  3. Blois, M. S. 1958. Antioxidant determination by the use of a stable free radical. Nature 26, 1199-1120.
  4. Buege, J. A. and Aust, S. D. 1978. Microsomal lipid peroxidation. Meth. Enzymol. 52, 302-310. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0076-6879(78)52032-6
  5. Bu, H. J. 2006. Elastase and hyaluronidase inhibition activities of phlorotannins isolated from Esklom'a cava Kor. J. Pharmacol. 37, 92-96.
  6. Byun, S. H., Yang, C. H. and Kim, S. C. 2005. Inhibitory effect of Scrophulariae Radix extract on TNF-a, IL-3, IL-6 and nitric oxide production in lipopolysaccharide activated Raw 164.7 cells. Kor. J. Herbology 20, 7-16.
  7. Carmichael, J., DeGraff, W. G., Gazdar, A. F., Minna, J. D. and Mitchell, J. B. 1987. Evaluation of a tetrazolium based semiautomated colorimetric assay: assessment of chemosensitivity testing. Cancer Res. 47, 936-942.
  8. Cha, B. C. 2004. Glutathione S-transferase activity and hyaluronidase inhibitory effect of medicinal plants. Kor. J. Phamacogn. 35, 184-188.
  9. Choi, S. Y., Chung, M. J. and Sung, N. J. 2008. Studies on the antioxidative ability of methanol and extracts from Orostachys japonicus A. Berger according to harvest times. Kor. J. Food Nutr. 21, 157-164.
  10. Cojocaru, I. M., Cojocaru, M., Musuroi, C., Botezat, M., Lazar, L. and Druta, A. 2004. Lipid peroxidation and catalase in diabetes mellitus with and without ischemic stroke. Rom. J. Intern. Med. 42, 423-429.
  11. Ding, A. H., Nathan, C. F. and Stuehr, D. J. 1988. Release of reactive nitrogen intermediates and reactive oxygen intermediates from mouse peritoneal macrophages. Comparison of activating cytokines and evidence for independent production. J. Immunol. 141, 2407-2412.
  12. Fridovich, I. 1970. Quantitative aspects of the production of superoxide anion radical by milk xanthin oxidase. J. Biol. Chem. 245, 4053-4057.
  13. Im, K. Y., Kim, M. J., Jung, T. K. and Yoon, K. S. 2008. Antioxidant activity of partially purified extracts isolated from Acanthopanax sessiliflorum seeman. Kor. J. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 23, 329-334.
  14. Kakegawa, H., Matsumoto, H". and Satoh, T. 1992. Inhibitory effects of some natural products on the activation of hyaluronidase and their anti-allergic action. Chem. Pharm. Bull. 40, 1439-1442. https://doi.org/10.1248/cpb.40.1439
  15. Kim, J. D. 2004. The new technology development strategy of cosmeceuticals with use advanced materials resources. J. Soc. Cosmet. Scientists Korea 30, 427-438.
  16. Kim, J. D. 2007. Development of cosmetics by using Cacao chocolate. Food Machinery 4, 3-10.
  17. Kim, S. C., Jung, Y. S., Lee, J. R., Kim, Y. W., Byun, B. H., Kwon, T. K., Suh, S. I., Byun, S. H. and Kwon, Y. K. 2004. Inhibition effect of Phellinus Igniaril water extract on TNF-a, IL-3, IL-6 and nitric oxide production in lipopolysaccharide activated Raw 164.7 cells. Kor. J. Oriental Physiol. Pathol. 18, 880-886.
  18. Kim, T. H. 2008. Antioxidative and biological activities of Santalum album extracts by extracting methods. Kor. J. Food Preserv. 15, 456-460.
  19. Kwon, H. N., Park, J. R. and Jeon, J. R. 2008. Antioxidative and hepatoprotective effects of acertegmentosum M. extracts. J. Kor. Soc. Food Sci. Nutr. 37, 1389-1394. https://doi.org/10.3746/jkfn.2008.37.11.1389
  20. Lee, B. B. and Park, S. R. 2008. Antioxidant activity and inhibition activity against a -glucosidase of Viola man dshurica Extracts. J. Kor. Soc. Food Scii. Nutr. 37, 405-409. https://doi.org/10.3746/jkfn.2008.37.4.405
  21. Lee, K. W. 2007. Cancer chemo-preventive effect and physiological activities of Cacao chocolate. Food Machinery 4, 27-29.
  22. Lee, S. E., Park, C. H., Bang, J. K., Seong, N. S. and Chung, T. Y. 2004. Comparison on antioxidant potential of several peanut varieties. J. Korean Sac. Food Sci. Nutr. 33, 941-945. https://doi.org/10.3746/jkfn.2004.33.6.941
  23. McCartney-Francis, N., Allen, J. B., Mizel, D. E., Albina, J. E., Xie, Q. W., Nathan, C. F. and Wahl, S. M. 1993. Suppression of arthritis by an inhibitor of nitric oxide synthase. J. Exp. Med. 178, 749-754. https://doi.org/10.1084/jem.178.2.749
  24. Menzel, E. J. and Farr, C. 1998. Hyaluronidase and its substrate hyaluronan: biochemistry, biological activities and therapeutic uses. Cancer Lett. 131, 3-11. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0304-3835(98)00195-5
  25. Moncada, S., Palmer, R. M. and Higgs, E. A. 1991. Nitric oxide: physiology, pathophysiology, and pharmacology. Pharmacol. Rev. 43, 109-142.
  26. Nathan, C. 1992. Nitric oxide as a secretory product of mammalian cells. FASEB J. 6, 3051-3064.
  27. Reissig, J. L., Storminger, J. L. and Leloir, L. F. 1995. A modified colorimetric method for the estimation of N-acetylamino sugars. J. Biol. Chem. 217, 959-966.
  28. Tappel, A. L., Lundberg, W. O. and Boyer, P. D. 1953. Effect of temperature and antioxidants upon the lipoxidase-catalyzed oxidation of sodium linoleate. Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 42, 293-304. https://doi.org/10.1016/0003-9861(53)90359-2
  29. Weisz, A., Cicatiello, L. and Esumi, H. 1996. Regulation of the mouse inducible-type nitric oxide synthase gene promoter by interferon-gamma, bacterial lipopolysaccharide and NG-monomethyl-L- arginine. Biochem. J. 316, 209-215.
  30. Wiktionary, KaKao-bedeutungserklarungen. http://www.Wiktionary.ory.