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스프링클러 분무가 화재유동특성에 미치는 영향에 관한 수치해석 연구

A Numerical Study of the Effect of Sprinkler Spray on the Flow Characteristics Induced by Fire

  • 투고 : 2012.09.07
  • 심사 : 2012.10.12
  • 발행 : 2012.10.31

초록

본 연구는 수치적 접근방법을 통해 스프링클러 분무가 화재공간내부 유동특성에 미치는 영향을 파악하고자 한다. 화재유동 및 분무유동장 해석을 위해 적용된 수치해석모델은 FDS 5.5.3이며 격자독립성시험을 통해 최적 격자를 선정하였다. 수치해석 모델의 타당성을 검증하기 위해 Magnone 등이 수행한 실험결과와 비교 분석을 수행하였으며 FDS 모델에 의해 계산된 화재공간 내부의 온도분포는 실험결과와 비교적 잘 일치하였으나 스프링클러 분사유량이 증가함에 따라 오차는 증가하는 경향을 보였다. 또한 이전 연구와 같이, FDS 계산결과는 스프링클러 분무에 의해 화재실 출입구를 통한 연소생성물의 유출질량유량이 감소하는 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구는 스프링클러 분무가 포함된 화재유동장에 대한 모델의 타당성을 확보하고 스프링클러 시스템의 최적화에 기여할 수 있다.

The present study investigates the effects of sprinkler spray on fire driven flow characteristics in a compartment based on numerical approach. The FDS (Fire Dynamics Simulator), a widely used fire field model, was used to simulate the fire induced flow and sprinkler spray and a series of grid independence tests have been performed to obtain the optimal grid size. In order to validate the result predicted by FDS model, the calculated results were compared with experimental results of Magnone et al.. The FDS model matches quite well to experiments in temperature profile and mass flux through doorway, however, the discrepancy between the FDS model and experiments increases with increasing water discharge rate. As with previous study, the FDS calculation also shows a decrease of mass flow rate of combustion products through doorway due to the sprinkler spray. This study can contribute to optimize the sprinkler system design and verify the validity of the fire field model with sprinkler spray.

키워드

참고문헌

  1. J. J. Jung, D. G. Nam and W. S. Lim, "A Study on the Performance of a Sprinkler System with Direct-Coupled Waterworks by Full-Scale Fire Test", Journal of Korean Institute of Fire Science & Engineering, Vol. 25, No. 6, pp. 39-43 (2011).
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  4. J. P. Crocker and B. Xiao, "Investigating the Effects of Sprinkler Sprays on Fire Induced Doorway Flows: A Two-Part Study", Technical Report, TYCO Fire Suppression & Building Products (2010).
  5. Z. Magnone, V. Adams, Z. Han, S. Southard, C. Su, N. Dembsey, J. Morgan and P. Beaulieu, "Sprinkler Spray Effects on Combustion Products Leaving a Compartment", SFPE Annual Conference (2011).
  6. K. McGrattan, R. McDermott, S. Hostikka and J. Floyd, "Fire Dynamics Simulator (Version 5), User's Guide", NIST Special Publication 1019-5 (2010)
  7. ANSI/UL 1626, "Standard for Safety of Residential Sprinklers fore Fire Protection Service", UL 1626 Ed. 4 (2008).
  8. S. V. Apte, M. Gorokhovski and P. Moin, "LES of Atomizing Spray with Stochastic Modeling of Secondary Breakup", International Journal of Multiphase Flow, Vol. 29, No. 9, pp. 1503-1522 (2003). https://doi.org/10.1016/S0301-9322(03)00111-3
  9. S. C. Kim, S. W. Lee and W. J. Park, "A Sensitivity Study of the Number of Parcels to the Numerical Simulation of Sprinkler Sprays", Journal of Korean Institute of Fire Science & Engineering, Vol. 23, No. 1, pp. 48-54 (2009).

피인용 문헌

  1. A Study of the Effect of Spray Droplets on the Smoke Behavior during Sprinkler System vol.14, pp.3, 2014, https://doi.org/10.9798/KOSHAM.2014.14.3.43