Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences

  • 제25권11호
  • /
  • Pages.1553-1558
  • /
  • 2012
  • /
  • 1011-2367(pISSN)
  • /
  • 1976-5517(eISSN)
아세아태평양축산학회 (Asian Australasian Association of Animal Production Societies)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Effects of Stocking Density or Group Size on Intake, Growth, and Meat Quality of Hanwoo Steers (Bos taurus coreanae)

  • Lee, Sang-Moo (Department of Animal Science and Biotechnology, Kyungpook National University) ;
  • Kim, Jae-Yeon (Department of Animal Science and Biotechnology, Kyungpook National University) ;
  • Kim, Eun-Joong (Department of Animal Science and Biotechnology, Kyungpook National University)
  • 투고 : 2012.05.10
  • 심사 : 2012.06.24
  • 발행 : 2012.11.01
PDF 다운로드
⟨ 이전 논문 다음 논문 ⟩

초록

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of stocking density or group size on feed intake, daily gain, and carcass characteristics of Hanwoo (Korean indigenous breed) steers reared from 7 months to 31 months of age. Thirty Hanwoo steers were divided into four groups with three replicates each (a total of 12 pens). In each group, one (G1), two (G2), three (G3), and four steers (G4) per pen were allocated as treatments. Pen size was $32.0m^2$, and therefore Hanwoo steers in G1, G2, G3, and G4 were reared under different space allowances, i.e. 32.0, 16.0, 10.6, and $8.0m^2$/steer, respectively. Steers were reared following a conventional beef cattle management method in Korea, and were offered a fixed amount of commercial concentrate with ad libitum forages. Results were subjected to analysis of variance with stocking density as the main effect, and significance was declared at p<0.05. Although total feed intake was not significantly altered, it numerically increased in animals of low stocking density (G1) compared to those subjected to high stocking density treatment (i.e. G4). Feed conversion ratio was higher (p<0.05) in G3 compared to G1 and G2. Animals in G1 (low stocking density) grew faster (p<0.05) than those of high stocking density (G3 and G4). Back fat thickness, meat yield index, and meat yield grade were similar among all levels of stocking density. However, longissimus muscle area was larger in G1 and G2 (p<0.01) compared to G3 and G4, and animals in G3 produced smaller carcasses (p<0.05). Carcass quality traits, including marbling score, meat color, fat color, texture, maturity and meat quality grade, as determined by a group of experts, were not significantly different among the treatments. In conclusion, lower stocking density resulted in increased feed efficiency, daily gain, and carcass weight in Hanwoo steers. However it remains unclear whether such differences are the results of stocking density or group size, or a combination of both. Nonetheless, these results confirm previous studies reporting a negative effect of increased stocking density on animal productivity. Further, animal welfare under an intensive farming system in relation to economical return is discussed.

키워드

참고문헌

  1. Boe, K. E. and G. Færevik. 2003. Grouping and social preferences in calves, heifers and cows. Appl. Anim. Behav. Sci. 80:175-190. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0168-1591(02)00217-4
  2. Cho, Y. M., S. S. Chang, H. C. Kim, T. I. Kim, B. K. Park, B. H. Paek, J. H. Kim and E. G. Kwon. 2009. Effects of concentrate feeding method and slaughter age on growth performance, feed intake and carcass characteristics of Hanwoo steers. J. Anim. Sci. Technol. (Korean) 51:53-60. https://doi.org/10.5187/JAST.2009.51.1.053
  3. Dantzer, R. and P. Mormède. 1983. Stress in farm animals: a need for reevaluation. J. Anim. Sci. 57:6-18.
  4. de Haer, L. C. M. and A. G. de Vries. 1993. Feed intake patterns of and feed digestibility in growing pigs housed individually or in groups. Livest. Prod. Sci. 33:277-292. https://doi.org/10.1016/0301-6226(93)90008-6
  5. Friend, T. H. and C. E. Polan. 1974. Social rank, feeding behavior, and free stall utilization by dairy cattle. J. Dairy Sci. 57:1214-1220. https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(74)85040-X
  6. Gehlbach, G. D., D. E. Becker, J. L. Cox, B. G. Harmon and A. H. Jensen. 1966. Effects of floor space allowance and number per group on performance of growing-finishing swine. J. Anim. Sci. 25:386-391.
  7. Gonyou, H. W., R. P. Chapple and G. R. Frank. 1992. Productivity, time budgets and social aspects of eating in pigs penned in groups of five or individually. Appl. Anim. Behav. Sci. 34:291-301. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0168-1591(05)80090-5
  8. Gonyou, H. W. and W. R. Stricklin. 1998. Effects of floor area allowance and group size on the productivity of growing/finishing pigs. J. Anim. Sci. 76:1326-1330.
  9. González, L. A., A. Ferret, X. Manteca, J. L. Ruíz-de-la-Torre, S. Calsamiglia, M. Devant and A. Bach. 2008. Effect of the number of concentrate feeding places per pen on performance, behavior, and welfare indicators of Friesian calves during the first month after arrival at the feedlot. J. Anim. Sci. 86:419-431.
  10. Jeong, J., N. I. Seong, I. K. Hwang, S. B. Lee, M. S. Yu, I. S. Nam and M. I. Lee. 2010. Effects of level of CP and TDN in the concentrate supplement on growth performances and carcass characteristics in Hanwoo steers during final fattening period. J. Anim. Sci. Technol. (Korean) 52:305-312. https://doi.org/10.5187/JAST.2010.52.4.305
  11. Kondo, S., N. Kawakami, H. Kohama and S. Nishino. 1984. Changes in activity, spatial pattern and social behavior in calves after grouping. Appl. Anim. Ethol. 11:217-228. https://doi.org/10.1016/0304-3762(84)90028-2
  12. Kondo, S., J. Sekine, M. Okubo and Y. Asahida. 1989. The effect of group size and space allowance on the agonistic and spacing behavior of cattle. Appl. Anim. Behav. Sci. 24:127-135. https://doi.org/10.1016/0168-1591(89)90040-3
  13. Lee, S., Y. Kim, Y. Oh and W. Kwak. 2010. Effects of feeding methods of total mixed ration on behavior patterns of growing Hanwoo steers. Asian-Aust. J. Anim. Sci. 23:1469-1475. https://doi.org/10.5713/ajas.2010.10100
  14. Lee, Y.-L., H.-R. Lee, J.-B. Ahn, J.-Y. Song, J.-J. Jang and M.-J. Lee. 2007. A Study of the correlation between breeding density and the azimuth of cattle sheds affected calf diarrhea disease. Kor. J. Vet. Ser. 30:133-144.
  15. Li, S. G., Y. X. Yang, Y. J. Rhee, W. J. Jang, J. J. Ha, S. K. Lee and Y. H. Song. 2010. Growth, behavior, and carcass traits of fattening Hanwoo (Korean Native Cattle) steers managed in different group sizes. Asian-Aust. J. Anim. Sci. 23:952-959. https://doi.org/10.5713/ajas.2010.90276
  16. McConnell, J. C., J. C. Eargle and R. C. Waldorf. 1987. Effects of weaning weight, co-mingling, group size and room temperature on pig performance. J. Anim. Sci. 65:1201-1206.
  17. Mitchell, G., J. Hattingh and M. Ganhao. 1988. Stress in cattle assessed after handling, after transport and after slaughter. Vet. Rec. 123:201-205. https://doi.org/10.1136/vr.123.8.201
  18. Nielsen, B. L., A. B. Lawrence and C. T. Whittemore. 1995. Effect of group size on feeding behaviour, social behaviour, and performance of growing pigs using single-space feeders. Livest. Prod. Sci. 44:73-85. https://doi.org/10.1016/0301-6226(95)00060-X
  19. Park, B. K., N. J. Choi, S. M. Lee, H. C. Kim, B. S. Jeon, M. J. Kim, Y. K. Oh, S. K. Im, S. K. Hong, J. S. Chang, I. H. Hwang, Y. J. Kim and E. G. Kwon. 2011. Effects of dietary multi-nutritional targeted supplementation according to different growth stages on performance and carcass characteristics of Hanwoo steers. Asian-Aust. J. Anim. Sci. 24:222-229. https://doi.org/10.5713/ajas.2011.10202
  20. Rind, M. I. and C. J. C. Phillips. 1999. The effects of group size on the ingestive and social behaviour of grazing dairy cows. Anim. Sci. 68:589-596.
  21. SAS. 2000. User's guide:Statistics, release. 8.1 version Edition. SAS Inst., Cary, NC. USA.
  22. Watts, J. M. and J. M. Stookey. 2000. Vocal behaviour in cattle: the animal's commentary on its biological processes and welfare. Appl. Anim. Behav. Sci. 67:15-33. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0168-1591(99)00108-2
  23. Yamada, M., Y. Watabe, A. Sato, K. Yamada and H. Kanno. 2003. Effect of different population density on the growth, carcass characteristics, and fatty acid composition of lipid and muscle tissue in pigs. Jap. J. Swine Sci. 40:65-72. https://doi.org/10.5938/youton.40.65

피인용 문헌

  1. Effect of Stocking Density on Eating Behavior of Finishing Hanwoo Steers (Bos taurus coreanae) vol.32, pp.4, 2012, https://doi.org/10.5333/KGFS.2012.32.4.397
  2. Comparison of Carcass and Sensory Traits and Free Amino Acid Contents among Quality Grades in Loin and Rump of Korean Cattle Steer vol.28, pp.11, 2015, https://doi.org/10.5713/ajas.15.0128
  3. Effect of optimal sodium stearoyl-2-lactylate supplementation on growth performance and blood and carcass characteristics in Hanwoo steers during the early fattening period vol.31, pp.9, 2018, https://doi.org/10.5713/ajas.18.0349
  4. Group sizes effects on growth performance and behavioural characteristics in Korean native calves vol.47, pp.1, 2012, https://doi.org/10.1080/09712119.2019.1683016
  5. Large Group Housing Systems in Fattening Bulls—Comparison of Behavior and Performance vol.7, pp.None, 2012, https://doi.org/10.3389/fvets.2020.543335
  6. 경남지역 거세한우의 고급육 생산을 위한 도체 근육부위별 분포도 차이에 대한 연구 vol.43, pp.2, 2012, https://doi.org/10.7853/kjvs.2020.43.2.45
  7. A Preliminary Study on Effects of Fermented Feed Supplementation on Growth Performance, Carcass Characteristics, and Meat Quality of Hanwoo Steers during the Early and Late Fattening Period vol.11, pp.11, 2012, https://doi.org/10.3390/app11115202