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The application of alternative methods for skin irritation evaluation on pesticides

농약에 대한 피부자극성 대체시험법 적용연구

  • Jeong, Mi-Hye (Agro-Material Safety Evaluation Division, Department of Agro-Food Safety, National Academy of Agricultural Science, Rural Development Administration) ;
  • Kim, Mi-Kyoung (Crop Protection Division, Department of Agro-Food Safety, National Academy of Agricultural Science, Rural Development Administration) ;
  • Park, Soo-Jin (Agro-Material Safety Evaluation Division, Department of Agro-Food Safety, National Academy of Agricultural Science, Rural Development Administration) ;
  • You, Are-Sun (Agro-Material Safety Evaluation Division, Department of Agro-Food Safety, National Academy of Agricultural Science, Rural Development Administration) ;
  • Hong, Soon-Sung (Agro-Material Safety Evaluation Division, Department of Agro-Food Safety, National Academy of Agricultural Science, Rural Development Administration) ;
  • Park, Kyung-Hun (Agro-Material Safety Evaluation Division, Department of Agro-Food Safety, National Academy of Agricultural Science, Rural Development Administration) ;
  • Park, Jae-Eup (Agro-Material Safety Evaluation Division, Department of Agro-Food Safety, National Academy of Agricultural Science, Rural Development Administration)
  • 정미혜 (농촌진흥청 국립농업과학원 농산물안전성부 농자재평가과) ;
  • 김미경 (농촌진흥청 국립농업과학원 농산물안전성부 작물보호과) ;
  • 박수진 (농촌진흥청 국립농업과학원 농산물안전성부 농자재평가과) ;
  • 유아선 (농촌진흥청 국립농업과학원 농산물안전성부 농자재평가과) ;
  • 홍순성 (농촌진흥청 국립농업과학원 농산물안전성부 농자재평가과) ;
  • 박경훈 (농촌진흥청 국립농업과학원 농산물안전성부 농자재평가과) ;
  • 박재읍 (농촌진흥청 국립농업과학원 농산물안전성부 농자재평가과)
  • Received : 2012.06.10
  • Accepted : 2012.08.27
  • Published : 2012.09.30

Abstract

It is common to use many experiment animals to evaluate the toxicity of chemicals including pesticides. For protecting animal, the concepts of 3R (Reduction, Replacement, Refinement) were introduced and in vitro alternatives methods actively have been developed all over the world. Many experimental animals for toxicological tests have been used, so that it is important to establish the alternative methods. In this study, the alternative method using reconstituted human skin model (Keraskin$^{TM}$) was conducted for classification of skin irritation on pesticides. Sixteen formulations selected on the basis of the degree of irritation were treated by Keraskin$^{TM}$ test. The percent of cell viability was measured into the culture medium collected after treatment of the pesticides for 24-72 hrs. The skin irritations of formulations were evaluated by the cell viability. In this study, The 4 formulations with mild irritation in rabbits were evaluated as nonirritant, the 6 formulations with moderate and severe irritation were evaluated as irritant in human skin model test. We suggest that the alternative test using Keraskin$^{TM}$ model could be used as toxicity evaluation for primary irritation index (P.I.I.) score of greater than or equal to 2.1 of pesticides. The further studies should be required to apply for hazardous assessment of pesticides on alternative skin irritation methods because of the interindividual variability of the sensitivity of skin irritation on pesticides.

농약을 포함한 화학물질의 독성을 평가하기 위하여 많은 실험동물이 사용되고 있다. 최근 동물실험에 대한 규제 강화와 실험동물의 윤리적 보호를 위해 동물실험을 대체하려는 동물대체시험법 연구가 활발히 진행되고 있다. 우리나라에서 화학농약 등록 시 급성경구독성시험, 급성경피독성시험, 피부자극성시험 등 여러 시험에서 실험동물을 이용하여 인축독성평가를 하고 있다. 세계적인 추세에 맞춰 농약의 안전성 평가를 위한 동물대체시험법 연구제시와 규제가 시급한 실정이다. 본 연구는 국제적으로 승인된 대체시험법 중 인공피부모델을 이용한 피부자극성평가 적용 가능성을 검토하기 위하여 실시하였다. 시험물질은 기존의 토끼를 이용한 피부자극성시험에서 피부반응을 평점화하여 산출한 피부 1차 자극지수(P. I. I.) 0-7(구분:없음-강도) 값을 가진 농약제품 16종을 선발, 인공피부(KeraSkin$^{TM}$)를 이용하여 피부자극성평가를 수행하였다. 그 결과, 중도이상의 농약인 경우 세포생존율 50% 이하로 자극성 물질로 나타났으며, 경도 이하의 농약인 경우 세포생존율 50% 이상으로 비자극성 물질로 나타났다. 피부의 자극성이 있는 경도에서 강도의 농약의 경우 현재 농촌진흥청 고시 농약표시 기준에 따라 주의사항을 표시하게 되어 있고(RDA, 2012b), 농약의 피부자극성의 경우 민감도가 사람에 따라 많은 차이를 보이기 때문에 피부자극성 대체시험법 적용여부는 추후 추가적인 검토가 필요할 것으로 판단되며, 앞으로 농약안전성평가를 위한 동물실험을 대체할 수 있는 시험법 검증연구를 통해 농약등록 시험기준과 방법을 개선할 필요성이 있다고 사료된다.

Keywords

References

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