Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society (한국산학기술학회논문지)

The Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society (한국산학기술학회)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

The Analgesic Effects of Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation and Interferential Currents on the Experimental Cold Pain Model : Frequency 50 Hz and 100 Hz

실험적 냉각 통증 모델에서 경피신경전기자극과 간섭파전류의 진통 효과 비교 : 주파수 50 Hz과 100 Hz

  • Bae, Young-Hyeon (Department of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine, Samsung Medical Center)
  • Received : 2012.07.11
  • Accepted : 2012.09.06
  • Published : 2012.09.30
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

The aim of this single blind intervation study was to compare the analgesic effects of transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) and interferential currents (IFC) on cold-induced pain in healthy volunteers. Sixteen subjects completed six cycles of the cold-induced pain test. During each cycle pain threshold was recorded as the time from immersion of the subject is hand in cold water to the first sensation of pain and pain intensity and unpleasantness ratings were recorded using visual analogue scales. Subjects were randomly allocated to receive each 50 Hz-TENS, 50 Hz-IFC, 100 Hz-TENS and 100 Hz-IFC. Statistical analysis showed that four interventions elevated the cold pain threshold significantly and the difference between interventions was not simply significant. But, no significant differences were identified in pain intensity and unpleasantness ratings. We conclude that there were no differences in the analgesic effects of the four interventions under the present experimental conditions. But, 50 Hz-IFC has been shown to be more comfortable than other interventions.

본 연구는 냉각 통증 모델을 이용해 간섭파전류와 경피신경전기자극간에 진통 효과를 비교하고자 하였다. 16명의 대상자는 6주기의 냉각 통증 모델 검사를 수행하였다. 대상자는 각 주기에서 차가운 물에 손을 담근 후 통증을 호소하는데 걸리는 시간을 이용하여 통증 역치와 시각적통증강도를 이용하여 통증 강도 및 통증 불편감을 측정하였다. 대상자에게 무작위로 각각 간섭파전류 주파수 50 Hz와 100 Hz, 경피신경전기자극 주파수 50 Hz와 100 Hz를 적용하였다. 본 연구에서 4가지 전기자극은 모두 통계적으로 유의하게 통증 역치가 증가하였으나 전기자극간에는 유의한 차이가 없었다. 그리고 통증 강도와 통증 불편감에서는 모두 유의한 차이가 없었다. 결론적으로 현재의 실험 조건에서 4가지 전기자극간에는 유의한 차이가 없었으나 주파수 50 Hz의 간섭파전류가 다른 전기자극보다 적용시 더 편안하였다.

Keywords

References

  1. R. Tiktinsky, N. O. Chen, "Electrotherapy: yesterday, today and tomorrow", Haemophilia, Vol.16, pp.126-131, 2006.
  2. T. Watson, "Current concepts in electrothera py. Haemophilia", Vol.8, No.3, pp.413-418, 20 02. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2516.2002.00613.x
  3. T. Watson, "The role of electrotherapy in contemporary physiotherapy practice", Man Ther, Vol.5, No.3, pp.132-141, 2000. https://doi.org/10.1054/math.2000.0363
  4. J. M. De Santana, D. M. Walsh, C. Vance, "Effectiveness of transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation for treatment of hyperalgesia and pain", Curr Rheumatol Rep, Vol.10, No.6, pp.492-499, 2008. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11926-008-0080-z
  5. J. P. Fuentes, O. S. Armijo, D. J. Magee, D. P. Gross, "Effectiveness of interferential current therapy in the management of musculoskeletal pain: a systematic review and meta-analysis", Phys Ther, Vol.90, No.9, pp.1219-1238, 2010. https://doi.org/10.2522/ptj.20090335
  6. K. E. Nnoaham, J. Kumbang, "Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) for chronic pain", Cochrane Database Syst Rev, Vol. 3, CD00 3222, 2008.
  7. D. M. Walsh, T. E. Howe, M. I. Johnson, K. A. Sluka, "Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation for acute pain", Cochrane Database Syst Rev, Vol. 2, CD006142. 2009.
  8. M. I. Johnson, G. A. Tabasam, "A questionnaire survey on the clinical use of interferential currents (IFC) by physiotherapists", In: The Pain Society of Great Britain Annual Conference Abstracts, Pain Society of Great Britain, 1998.
  9. B. Wolff, "The role of laboratory pain induction methods in the systematic study of guman pain", Acupunct Electrother Res, Vol. 2, pp. 271-305, 1977. https://doi.org/10.3727/036012977817553394
  10. D. A. Fishbain, C. Chabal, A. Abbott A, "Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) treatment outcome in long-term users", Clin J Pain, Vol.12, No.201-214, 1996. https://doi.org/10.1097/00002508-199609000-00008
  11. M. I. Johnson, C. H. Ashton, J. W. Thompson, "Long term use of transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation at Newcastle Pain Relief Clinic", J Royal Soc Med, Vol.85, pp.267-268, 1992.
  12. M. I. Johnson, "Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) in the management of labour pain: the experience of over ten thousand women", Br J Midwifery, Vol.5, pp.400-405, 1997. https://doi.org/10.12968/bjom.1997.5.7.400
  13. J. Low, A. Reed, "Electrical stimulation of nerve and muscle. In: Low J, Reed A, eds. Electrotherapy Explained: Principles and Practice. 2nd ed", Oxford, United Kingdom: Butterworth-Heinemann Ltd, pp.39-116, 1994.
  14. D. Martin, "Interferential for pain control. In: Kitchen S, Bazin S, eds. Clayton''s Electrotherapy 10E. 10th ed", London, United Kingdom: WB Saunders Co Ltd, pp.306-315, 1993.
  15. L. Nikolova, "Treatment With Interferential Current", Edinburgh, Scotland: Churchill Livingstone, 1987.
  16. J. Reeve, D. Menon, P. Corabian, "Trans cutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS): a technology assessment" Int J Technol Assess Health Care", Vol.12, pp.299-324, 1996. https://doi.org/10.1017/S026646230000965X
  17. b. Savage, "Interferential Therapy", London, United Kingdom: Wolfe Publishing Ltd, 1992.
  18. M. I. Johnson, "The mystique of interferential currents", Physiotherapy. Vol.85, pp. 294-297, 1999. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9406(05)67132-5
  19. J. O. Barr, D. H. Nielsen, G. L. Soderberg, "Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation characteristics for altering pain perception", Phys Ther, Vol.66, pp.1515-1521, 1986. https://doi.org/10.1093/ptj/66.10.1515
  20. C. Chabal, D. A. Fishbain, M. Weaver. " Long-term transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) use: impact on medication utilization and physical therapy costs", Clin J Pain, Vol.14, pp.66-73, 1998. https://doi.org/10.1097/00002508-199803000-00010
  21. M. I. Johnson, C. H. Ashton, D. R. Bousfield, J. W. Thompson, "Analgesic effects of different frequencies of transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation on cold-induced pain in normal subjects", Pain, Vol.39, pp.231-236, 1989. https://doi.org/10.1016/0304-3959(89)90010-9
  22. M. Simmonds, J. Wessel, R. Scudds, "The effect of pain quality on the efficacy of conventional TENS", Physiother Can, Vol.44, pp.35-40, 1992.
  23. M. Tulgar, O. Tulgar, H. Herken, "Psychop hysical responses to experimentally induced heat and cold pain before, during, and after transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation", Neuromodulation, Vol.6, pp.229-236, 2003. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1525-1403.2003.03030.x
  24. A. R. Ward, S. Lucas-Toumbourou, B. McCarthy, "A comparison of the analgesic efficacy of medium-frequency alternating current and TENS", Physiotherapy, Vol.95, No.4. pp.280-288, 2009. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.physio.2009.06.005
  25. M. I. Johnson, G. Tabasam, "A double blind placebo controlled investigation into the analgesic effects of interferential currents (IFC) and transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) on cold induced pain in healthy subjects", Physiother Theory Pract, Vol.15, pp.217-233, 1999. https://doi.org/10.1080/095939899307630
  26. C. Shanahan, A. R. Ward, V. J. Robertson, "Comparison of the analgesic efficacy of interferential therapy and transcutaneous eletrical nerve stimulation", Physiotherapy, Vol.92, pp.247-253, 2006. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.physio.2006.05.008
  27. C. C. Chen, M. I. Johnson, "Differential frequency effects of strong nonpainful transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulationon experimentally induced ischemic pain in healthy human participants", Clin J Pain. Vol.27, No.5, pp.434-441, 2011. https://doi.org/10.1097/AJP.0b013e318208c926
  28. G. Tabasam, M. I. Johnson, "Electrotherapy for pain relief: does it work? A laboratory-based study to examine the analgesic effects of electrotherapy on cold-induced pain in healthy individuals", Clin Effect Nurs, Vol.3, pp.14-24, 1999. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1361-9004(99)80004-1
  29. C. H. Ashton, I. Ebenezer, J. Golding, "Effects of acupuncture and transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation on cold induced pain in normal subjects", J Psychosom Res, Vol.28, pp.301-308, 1984. https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-3999(84)90052-7
  30. R. Gracely, "Studies of pain in human subjects. In: Wall PD, Melzack R, editors. Textbook of pain", Edinburgh: Churchill Livingstone, pp.385-407, 1999.
  31. R. stephenson, M. I. Johnson, "The analgesic effects of interferential therapy on cold-induced pain in healthy subjects: A preliminary report", Physiother Theory Pract, Vol.11, pp.89-95, 1995. https://doi.org/10.3109/09593989509022405
  32. N. E. Walsh, L. Schoenfeld, S. Ramaurthy, "Normative model for cold pressor pain", Am J Phys Med Rehabil, Vol.68, pp.6-11, 1989. https://doi.org/10.1097/00002060-198902000-00003
  33. G. L. Cheing, C. W. Hui-chan, "Analgesic effects of transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation and interferential currents on heat pain in healthy subjects", J Rehabil Med, Vol.35, No.1, pp.15-19, 2003. https://doi.org/10.1080/16501970306101
  34. M. I. Johnson, G. Tabasam, "A single-blind investigation into the hypoalgesic effects of different swing patterns of interferential currents on cold-induced pain in healthy volunteers", Arch Phys Med Rehabil, Vol.84, pp.350-357, 2003. https://doi.org/10.1053/apmr.2003.50005
  35. Y. H. Bae, "The analgesic effects of transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation and interferential currents on the experimental ischemic pain model: Frequency 50 Hz", Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society, Vol.13, No.6, pp.2617-2624, 2012. https://doi.org/10.5762/KAIS.2012.13.6.2617