Korean Journal of Biological Psychiatry (생물정신의학)

The Korean Society of Biological Psychiatry (대한생물정신의학회)
권호 표지

A Preliminary Evaluation of NeuroGuide and IVA + Plus as Diagnostic Tools for Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder

주의력결핍 과잉행동장애의 진단 보조도구로 뉴로가이드와 IVA + Plus의 유용성에 관한 예비연구

  • Yang, Jung-In (Department of Psychiatry, Gongju National Hospital) ;
  • Kim, So-Yul (Neuropsychiatry Research Laboratory, Gongju National Hospital) ;
  • Kim, Young-Sung (Neuropsychiatry Research Laboratory, Gongju National Hospital) ;
  • Lee, Jae-Won (Department of Psychiatry, Gongju National Hospital)
  • 양정인 (국립공주병원 정신건강의학과) ;
  • 김소율 (국립공주병원 뇌기능연구소) ;
  • 김영성 (국립공주병원 뇌기능연구소) ;
  • 이재원 (국립공주병원 정신건강의학과)
  • Received : 2011.09.01
  • Accepted : 2011.09.19
  • Published : 2012.02.29
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

Objectives : This study was designed to investigate the usability of IVA + Plus (Continuous Performance Test) and Neuro-Guide [Quantitative electroencephalography (EEG) normative database] as an auxiliary diagnostic tools for attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Methods : The scores of IVA + Plus and resting EEG were obtained from 34 elementary school-aged children. Also, the Korean ADHD Rating Scale (K-ARS) and the Diagnostic Interview Schedule for Children version IV (DISC-IV) was done for the parent of them. From the result of the DISC-IV, we divided them into three groups, ADHD Not Otherwise Specified (NOS), and Normal Control (NC). Using NeuroGuide, the z-scores of relative power for delta (1-4 Hz), theta (4-8 Hz), alpha (8-12 Hz), and beta (12-25 Hz) were calculated. Then the correlation and variance analysis were done to investigate the differences between three groups. Results : The scores of IVA + Plus were negatively correlated with the K-ARS. IVA + Plus have successfully discriminated the ADHD from NC and NOS. The z-scores of relative power of delta and theta were positively correlated with the K-ARS. The z-scores of relative power of alpha and beta were negatively correlated with the K-ARS. Conclusions : The IVA + Plus and NeuroGuide QEEG test are expected to be used as the valuable tools for diagnosing ADHD accurately.

Keywords

References

  1. Strauss JS. A comprehensive approach to psychiatric diagnosis. Am J Psychiatry 1975;132:1193-1197. https://doi.org/10.1176/ajp.132.11.1193
  2. Spitzer RL, Cohen J, Fleiss JL, Endicott J. Quantification of agreement in psychiatric diagnosis. A new approach. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1967;17:83-87. https://doi.org/10.1001/archpsyc.1967.01730250085012
  3. Neighbors HW, Jackson JS, Campbell L, Williams D. The influence of racial factors on psychiatric diagnosis: a review and suggestions for research. Community Ment Health J 1989;25:301-311. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00755677
  4. Weiss MG, Raguram R, Channabasavanna SM. Cultural dimensions of psychiatric diagnosis. A comparison of DSM-III-R and illness explanatory models in south India. Br J Psychiatry 1995;166:353-359. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.166.3.353
  5. Rounsaville BJ, Weissman MM, Kleber H, Wilber C. Heterogeneity of psychiatric diagnosis in treated opiate addicts. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1982;39:161-168. https://doi.org/10.1001/archpsyc.1982.04290020027006
  6. Schmidt HO, Fonda CP. The reliability of psychiatric diagnosis; a new look. J Abnorm Psychol 1956;52:262-267. https://doi.org/10.1037/h0046289
  7. Grove WM, Andreasen NC, McDonald-Scott P, Keller MB, Shapiro RW. Reliability studies of psychiatric diagnosis. Theory and practice. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1981;38:408-413. https://doi.org/10.1001/archpsyc.1981.01780290042004
  8. Knopman DS, DeKosky ST, Cummings JL, Chui H, Corey-Bloom J, Relkin N, et al. Practice parameter: diagnosis of dementia (an evidence- based review). Report of the Quality Standards Subcommittee of the American Academy of Neurology. Neurology 2001;56:1143-1153. https://doi.org/10.1212/WNL.56.9.1143
  9. Drake RE, Goldman HH, Leff HS, Lehman AF, Dixon L, Mueser KT, et al. Implementing evidence-based practices in routine mental health service settings. Psychiatr Serv 2001;52:179-182. https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.ps.52.2.179
  10. Compton SN, March JS, Brent D, Albano AM 5th, Weersing R, Curry J. Cognitive-behavioral psychotherapy for anxiety and depressive disorders in children and adolescents: an evidence-based medicine review. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2004;43:930-959. https://doi.org/10.1097/01.chi.0000127589.57468.bf
  11. Hoagwood K, Burns BJ, Kiser L, Ringeisen H, Schoenwald SK. Evidence- based practice in child and adolescent mental health services. Psychiatr Serv 2001;52:1179-1189. https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.ps.52.9.1179
  12. Shagass C, Roemer RA, Straumanis JJ. Relationships between psychiatric diagnosis and some quantitative EEG variables. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1982;39:1423-1435. https://doi.org/10.1001/archpsyc.1982.04290120053011
  13. John ER, Prichep LS, Fridman J, Easton P. Neurometrics: computer-assisted differential diagnosis of brain dysfunctions. Science 1988;239:162-169. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.3336779
  14. Advokat C, Martino L, Hill BD, Gouvier W. Continuous Performance Test (CPT) of college students with ADHD, psychiatric disorders, cognitive deficits, or no diagnosis. J Atten Disord 2007;10:253-256. https://doi.org/10.1177/1087054706292106
  15. McGee RA, Clark SE, Symons DK. Does the Conners' Continuous Performance Test aid in ADHD diagnosis? J Abnorm Child Psychol 2000;28:415-424. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1005127504982
  16. Snyder SM, Quintana H, Sexson SB, Knott P, Haque AF, Reynolds DA. Blinded, multi-center validation of EEG and rating scales in identifying ADHD within a clinical sample. Psychiatry Res 2008;159:346-358. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2007.05.006
  17. Arns M, Gunkelman J, Breteler M, Spronk D. EEG phenotypes predict treatment outcome to stimulants in children with ADHD. J Integr Neurosci 2008;7:421-438. https://doi.org/10.1142/S0219635208001897
  18. Koo BH, Park HB, Lee HJ, Song CJ, Kim JS, Lee KH. The diagnostic availability of continuous performance test in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. J Korean Neuropsychiatr Assoc 1999;38:1432-1446.
  19. Kim JH, Noh JS, Joung YS, Hong SD. A study for diagnostic discrimination of T.O.V.A. and GDS in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Korean J Clin Psychol 1997;16:355-365.
  20. Shin YH, Lee SB, Yun JY, Lee SH, Kang WS, An JU. A comparative study of intellectual characters, executive function and brain signals between ADHD, maladjustment and normal students. Emotional Disturbances Learn Disabil 2010;26:65-84.
  21. Castellanos FX, Tannock R. Neuroscience of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: the search for endophenotypes. Nat Rev Neurosci 2002;3:617-628. https://doi.org/10.1038/nrn896
  22. Loo SK, Smalley SL. Preliminary report of familial clustering of EEG measures in ADHD. Am J Med Genet B Neuropsychiatr Genet 2008;147B:107-109. https://doi.org/10.1002/ajmg.b.30575
  23. McLoughlin G, Kuntsi J, Brandeis D, Banaschewski T. Electrophysiological parameters in psychiatric research: ADHD. Psychiatry 2005;4:14-18.
  24. Doyle AE, Willcutt EG, Seidman LJ, Biederman J, Chouinard VA, Silva J, et al. Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder endophenotypes. Biol Psychiatry 2005;57:1324-1335. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biopsych.2005.03.015
  25. DuPaul GJ. Parent and teacher ratings of ADHD symptoms: Psychometric properties in a community-based sample. J Clin Child Psychol 1991;20:242-253.
  26. So YK, Noh JS, Kim YS, Ko SG, Koh YJ. The reliability and validity of Korean parent and teacher ADHD Rating Scale. J Korean Neuropsychiatr Assoc 2002;41:283-289.
  27. Cho SC, Kim BN, Kim JW, Kim HW, Choi HJ, Jung SW, et al. The reliability and validity of Diagnostic Interview Schedule for Children Version IV-Korean Version (DISC-IV). J Kor Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2007;18:138-144.
  28. Shaffer D, Fisher P, Lucas CP, Dulcan MK, Schwab-Stone ME. NIMH Diagnostic Interview Schedule for Children Version IV (NIMH DISC-IV): description, differences from previous versions, and reliability of some common diagnoses. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2000;39:28-38. https://doi.org/10.1097/00004583-200001000-00014
  29. Thatcher RW, Biver CJ, North DM. Z SCORE EEG BIOFEEDBACK: TECHNICAL FOUNDATIONS. Redington Shores, FL: Applied Neurosciences Inc;2004. Available from: http://www.appliendneuroscience.com/.
  30. Kropotov J. Quantitative EEG, event-related potentials and neurotherapy. San Diego, CA: Academic Press;2008.
  31. Evans JR, Abarbanel AE. Introduction to quantitative EEG and neurofeedback. San Diego, CA: Academic Press;1999.
  32. Sandford J, Turner A. Integrated visual and auditory continuous performance test manual. Richmond, VA: BrainTrain;2002.
  33. Tinius TP. The Integrated Visual and Auditory Continuous Performance Test as a neuropsychological measure. Arch Clin Neuropsychol 2003;18:439-454. https://doi.org/10.1093/arclin/18.5.439
  34. Corbett BA, Constantine LJ. Autism and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: assessing attention and response control with the integrated visual and auditory continuous performance test. Child Neuropsychol 2006;12:335-348. https://doi.org/10.1080/09297040500350938
  35. Gao T, Yu S, Shi X, Zhao C. Clinical significance of integrated visual and auditory continuous performance test on attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder diagnosis and its correlation with blood lead, iron&zinc. Chinese J Child Health Care 2005;1. Available from: http://en.cnki.com.cn/.
  36. Treisman AM, Davies A. Dividing attention to ear and eye. In: Kornblum S, editor. Attention and performance IV. New York: Academic Press;1973. p.101-117.
  37. Craik FI, Govoni R, Naveh-Benjamin M, Anderson ND. The effects of divided attention on encoding and retrieval processes in human memory. J Exp Psychol Gen 1996;125:159-180. https://doi.org/10.1037/0096-3445.125.2.159
  38. Mousavi SY, Low R, Sweller J. Reducing cognitive load by mixing auditory and visual presentation modes. J Educ Psychol 1995;87:319-334. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-0663.87.2.319
  39. Loose R, Kaufmann C, Auer DP, Lange KW. Human prefrontal and sensory cortical activity during divided attention tasks. Hum Brain Mapp 2003;18:249-259. https://doi.org/10.1002/hbm.10082
  40. Iidaka T, Anderson ND, Kapur S, Cabeza R, Craik FI. The effect of divided attention on encoding and retrieval in episodic memory revealed by positron emission tomography. J Cogn Neurosci 2000;12:267-280. https://doi.org/10.1162/089892900562093
  41. Nebel K, Wiese H, Stude P, de Greiff A, Diener HC, Keidel M. On the neural basis of focused and divided attention. Brain Res Cogn Brain Res 2005;25:760-776. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cogbrainres.2005.09.011
  42. Bush G, Valera EM, Seidman LJ. Functional neuroimaging of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: a review and suggested future directions. Biol Psychiatry 2005;57:1273-1284. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biopsych.2005.01.034
  43. Carmona S, Vilarroya O, Bielsa A, Tremols V, Soliva JC, Rovira M, et al. Global and regional gray matter reductions in ADHD: a voxel-based morphometric study. Neurosci Lett 2005;389:88-93. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neulet.2005.07.020
  44. Castellanos FX, Lee PP, Sharp W, Jeffries NO, Greenstein DK, Clasen LS, et al. Developmental trajectories of brain volume abnormalities in children and adolescents with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. JAMA 2002;288:1740-1748. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.288.14.1740
  45. Collings RD. Differences between ADHD inattentive and combined types on the CPT. J Psychopathol Behav Assess 2003;25:177-189. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1023525007441
  46. Cho SC, Kim BN, Kim JW, Rohde LA, Hwang JW, Chungh DS, et al. Full syndrome and subthreshold attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder in a Korean community sample: comorbidity and temperament findings. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2009;18:447-457. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00787-009-0755-7
  47. Kim HW, Cho SC, Kim BN, Kim JW, Shin MS, Kim Y. Perinatal and familial risk factors are associated with full syndrome and subthreshold attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder in a Korean community sample. Psychiatry Investig 2009;6:278-285. https://doi.org/10.4306/pi.2009.6.4.278
  48. Williams LM, Simms E, Clark CR, Paul RH, Rowe D, Gordon E. The test-retest reliability of a standardized neurocognitive and neurophysiological test battery: "neuromarker". Int J Neurosci 2005;115:1605-1630. https://doi.org/10.1080/00207450590958475
  49. Barry RJ, Clarke AR, Johnstone SJ. A review of electrophysiology in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: I. Qualitative and quantitative electroencephalography. Clin Neurophysiol 2003;114:171-183. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1388-2457(02)00362-0
  50. Bresnahan SM, Anderson JW, Barry RJ. Age-related changes in quantitative EEG in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Biol Psychiatry 1999;46:1690-1697. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0006-3223(99)00042-6
  51. Chabot RJ, Serfontein G. Quantitative electroencephalographic profiles of children with attention deficit disorder. Biol Psychiatry 1996;40:951-963. https://doi.org/10.1016/0006-3223(95)00576-5
  52. Clarke AR, Barry RJ, McCarthy R, Selikowitz M. EEG-defined subtypes of children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Clin Neurophysiol 2001;112:2098-2105. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1388-2457(01)00668-X
  53. Janzen T, Graap K, Stephanson S, Marshall W, Fitzsimmons G. Differences in baseline EEG measures for ADD and normally achieving preadolescent males. Biofeedback Self Regul 1995;20:65-82. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01712767
  54. Makeig S, Jung TP. Tonic, phasic, and transient EEG correlates of auditory awareness in drowsiness. Brain Res Cogn Brain Res 1996;4:15-25. https://doi.org/10.1016/0926-6410(95)00042-9
  55. Ghanizadeh A. Sensory processing problems in children with ADHD, a systematic review. Psychiatry Investig 2011;8:89-94. https://doi.org/10.4306/pi.2011.8.2.89
  56. Loo SK, Teale PD, Reite ML. EEG correlates of methylphenidate response among children with ADHD: a preliminary report. Biol Psychiatry 1999;45:1657-1660. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0006-3223(98)00250-9
  57. Loo SK, Hopfer C, Teale PD, Reite ML. EEG correlates of methylphenidate response in ADHD: association with cognitive and behavioral measures. J Clin Neurophysiol 2004;21:457-464. https://doi.org/10.1097/01.WNP.0000150890.14421.9A
  58. Lubar JF. Discourse on the development of EEG diagnostics and biofeedback for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorders. Biofeedback Self Regul 1991;16:201-225. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01000016
  59. Mann CA, Lubar JF, Zimmerman AW, Miller CA, Muenchen RA. Quantitative analysis of EEG in boys with attention-deficit-hyperactivity disorder: controlled study with clinical implications. Pediatr Neurol 1992;8:30-36. https://doi.org/10.1016/0887-8994(92)90049-5
  60. Gasser T, Verleger R, Bacher P, Sroka L. Development of the EEG of school-age children and adolescents. I. Analysis of band power. Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol 1988;69:91-99. https://doi.org/10.1016/0013-4694(88)90204-0
  61. Thatcher RW, North D, Biver C. EEG and intelligence: relations between EEG coherence, EEG phase delay and power. Clin Neurophysiol 2005;116:2129-2141. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clinph.2005.04.026
  62. Matsuura M, Okubo Y, Toru M, Kojima T, He Y, Hou Y, et al. A crossnational EEG study of children with emotional and behavioral problems: a WHO collaborative study in the Western Pacific Region. Biol Psychiatry 1993;34:59-65. https://doi.org/10.1016/0006-3223(93)90257-E