DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Comparison of the Genetic Safety of Transgenic Rice in a Large-scale Field Study

대규모 GM포장에서 형질전환벼의 유전적 안전성 비교

  • Lee, Hyun-Suk (Division of Plant Biosciences, School of Plant Biosciences, Kyungpook National University) ;
  • Yi, Gi-Hwan (Department of Farm Management, College of Agriculture & Life Science, Kyungpook National University) ;
  • Kim, Kyung-Min (Division of Plant Biosciences, School of Plant Biosciences, Kyungpook National University)
  • 이현숙 (경북대학교 식물생명과학전공) ;
  • 이기환 (경북대학교 농산업학과) ;
  • 김경민 (경북대학교 식물생명과학전공)
  • Received : 2012.04.17
  • Accepted : 2012.09.17
  • Published : 2012.09.30

Abstract

The importance of genetic stability and bio-safety in the environment has recently been recognized for many (genetically modified) GM plants. This study evaluated the GM safety of transgenic rice and its environmental variance. Data on agronomic characters and principal component were collected for vitamin A-enriched GM rice and four check cultivars in a large GM field trial during 2009-2011. The cultivation environment was a large GM field and a greenhouse. In this experiment, there was no significant difference between the agronomic characters of the GM rice and those of a donor plant, 'Nagdong'. In terms of grain characteristics, the appearance and physicochemical characteristics of the GM rice and those of the donor plant were similar. However, the grain of the GM rice developed a white core and a white belly when planted in the greenhouse. The type and distribution of dominant weed species were not different in the GM rice and the 'Nagdong'. In addition, gene flow was not detected in the dominant weed species based on PCR analysis.

이 연구는 GM 벼와 모품종인 '낙동' 및 일반품종을 대조구로 작물학적인 생육특성 및 재배환경에 대한 미립의 특성, 시험구 잡초를 대상으로 우점잡초종의 빈도와 유전자 전이 정도를 2009년에서 2011년까지 조사하였다. 작물학적인 생육특성에서 GM 벼와 모품종인 '낙동'은 간장, 수장, 수수의 초형은 년차간 차이가 났지만 유의성은 없었다. 미립 특성에서 GM 벼와 모품종인 '낙동'은 미립의 길이, 폭, 두께 및 천립중은 차이를 보이지 않았다. 미립의 화학적인 특성분석에서 모품종인 낙동에 비해 GM 벼가 저아밀로스이며, 재배환경에서 두 시험구의 미립이 GM 필드보다 온실의 미립이 저아밀로스 양상을 보였다. GM 시험구내 미립의 배유 종피색 달관조사에서 GM 벼의 카로티노이드 색상인 노란 종피색은 세대가 진전되어도 안정적으로 고정되었지만, GM 온실에서 재배된 GM 벼 미립은 심복백 비율이 높아져 미립의 투명도 차이가 있었다. 농생태계에서 잡초 특성은 GM 시험구내 GM 벼와 모품종인 '낙동'은 각 년차별 우점 잡초종과 빈도는 또한 유사한 경향이었다. GM 시험구내 GM 벼와 모품종인 '낙동'의 우점 잡초군은 전 생육시기별, 년차별로 지속적으로 GM 벼와 경합하는 양상이었다. GM 필드의 우점 잡초종의 유전자 전이 정도를 PCR 분석한 결과 우점 잡초종에 증폭이 되지 않아 유전자 전이 발생 양상은 나타나지 않았다.

Keywords

References

  1. Bashir, K., Husnain, T., Fatima, T., Latif, Z., Mhdi, S. A. and Riazuddin, S. 2004. Field evaluation and risk assessment of transgenic indica basmati rice. Mol. Breed. 13, 301-312. https://doi.org/10.1023/B:MOLB.0000034078.54872.25
  2. Bennet, J. 1993. In Setlow J. K. Genetic engineering: Genes for crop improvement. pp. 165-189, 15th eds., Plenum Press, New York.
  3. Cheong, J. I., Lee, S. Y. and Kim, J. H. 1996. Comparison of rice yield and grain quality characteristics between mature and reclaimed paddy fields in Honam plain area. Kor. J. Crop Sci. 40, 382-390.
  4. Cho, K. M., Lee, S. B., Kim, S., An, X. H. and Chun, J. C. 2011. Weed occurrence and rice yield as affected by environment friendly farming methods. Kor. J. Weed Sci. 31, 279-288. https://doi.org/10.5660/KJWS.2011.31.3.279
  5. Crawley, M. J., Brown, S. L., Hails, R. S., Kohn, D. D. and Rees, M. 2001. Biotechnology: Transgenic crops in natural habitats. Nature 409, 682-683. https://doi.org/10.1038/35055621
  6. Furnkawa, T., Maekawa, M., Oki, T., Suda, I., Iida, S. and Shimada, H. 2007. The Rc and Rd genes are involved in proanthocyanidin synthesis in rice pericarp. Plant J. 49, 91-102.
  7. Kim, D. K., Noh, T. H., Lee, J. K., Yang, B. G. and Lee, S. Y. 1996. Comparison of yield performance and grain properties of north Korea rices between alpine and lowland area in southern part of Korea. Kor. J. Crop. Sci. 41, 578-585.
  8. Korea Agricultural Biosafety Information Center, Lee K.P. http://kabic.naas.go.kr KABIC.
  9. James, C. 2009. Global status of commercialized biotech/GM crops in 2007. ISAAA Briefs. 41.
  10. Jennings, P. R., Coffman, W. R. and Kauffman, H. E. 1979. Rice improvement, Grain quality. pp. 102, 6th eds., International Rice Research Institute.
  11. Jeong, E. G., Ku, Y. C., Yi, G. H., Park, H. M. and Nam, M. H. 2005. The change of weed occurrence with cultivation of genetically modified rice for glufosinate-ammonium resistance. Kor. J. Weed Sci. 25, 127-133.
  12. Lee, B. K. and Suh, S. C. 2011. A study on the trends and biosafety assessment of genetically modified crops. Kor. J. Environ. Law 33, 3-25.
  13. Lee, H. S., Yi, G. H., Park, J. S., Seo, S. C., Sohn, J. K. and Kim, K. M. 2011. Analysis of the weediness potential in vitamin A enforced rice. Kor. J. Weed Sci. 31, 119-125. https://doi.org/10.5660/KJWS.2011.31.2.160
  14. Lee, S. W. and Park, S. C. 2011. Research development and related to industry trends: Plant. Biosafety White Paper 3, 243-278.
  15. Lee, H. S., Yi, G. H. and Kim, K. M. 2010. Characteristics of agronomy to vitamin A strengthening rice at large scale GMO field. Kor. J. Breed Sci. 42, 56-60.
  16. Lee, S. G., Im, I. B., Kim, D. S. and Pyon, J. Y. 2006. Competition effects of Echinochloa crus-galli and Monochoria vaginalis on rice growth and yield. Kor. J. Weed Sci. 26, 262-269.
  17. Im, I. B., Kan, J., Kim, G. S., Na, S. Y. and Kyoung, E. S. 2003. Weed emergent frequency according to rice cultivation pattern in the rice paddy fields. Kor. J. Weed Sci. 23, 112-122.
  18. Matin, M. N. and Kang, S. G. 2010. Morphological characteristics of the rice (Oryza sativa L.) with red pigmentation, J. Life Sci. 20, 22-26. https://doi.org/10.5352/JLS.2010.20.1.022
  19. Park, J. E., Lee, I. Y., Kweon, S. J., Ghimire, S. R. and Shin, D. H. 2008. Comparison of pollen characteristics of Nakdongbyeo and leaf folder (Cnaphalocrocis medinalis) resistant rice of its transgesnic line. Kor. J. Weed Sci. 28, 420-426.
  20. Park, K. W., Kim, C. G., Kim, D. I., Yi, H. B., Lee, B. K. and Kim, H. M. 2007. Competitive ability and possibility of increased weediness of transgenic rice tolerant to abiotic stresses. Kor. J. Weed Sci. 27, 359-365.
  21. Sendashonga, C., Hill, R. and Petrini, A. 2005. The cartagena protocol on biosafety: interaction between the convention on biological diversity and the world organisation for animal health. Rev. Sci. Tech. Off. Int. Epiz. 24, 19-30.
  22. Tai, Q. and Tanksley, C. 1990. A rapid and inexpensive method for isolation of total DNA from dehydrated plant. Plant Mol. Biol. Report 8, 297-303. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02668766