Anxiety and mood (대한불안의학회지)

Korean Academy of Anxiety Disorders (대한불안의학회)
권호 표지

Comparison of Adolescents' Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI) Profile between Traumatized Group and Non-Traumatized Group, and between PTSD Symptom Group and Non-PTSD Symptom Group among the Traumatized Group

외상 경험군과 비경험군 및 외상 후 스트레스 장애 증상 발생군과 비발생군 청소년에서 기질 성격 특성 비교연구

  • Shin, Seung Min (Department of Psychiatry, Hallym University College of Medicine, Kangnam Sacred Heart Hospital) ;
  • Lee, Byung Wook (Department of Psychiatry, Hallym University College of Medicine, Kangnam Sacred Heart Hospital) ;
  • Yi, Jung Seo (Department of Psychiatry, Hallym University College of Medicine, Kangnam Sacred Heart Hospital) ;
  • Kim, Young Ku (Department of Psychiatry, Korea University College of Medicine, Korea University Ansan Hospital) ;
  • Lee, Hong Seock (Department of Psychiatry, Hallym University College of Medicine, Kangnam Sacred Heart Hospital)
  • 신승민 (한림대학교 의과대학 강남성심병원 정신과학교실) ;
  • 이병욱 (한림대학교 의과대학 강남성심병원 정신과학교실) ;
  • 이중서 (한림대학교 의과대학 강남성심병원 정신과학교실) ;
  • 김용구 (고려대학교 의과대학 안산병원 정신과학교실) ;
  • 이홍석 (한림대학교 의과대학 강남성심병원 정신과학교실)
  • Received : 2012.09.03
  • Accepted : 2012.10.05
  • Published : 2012.10.30
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

Objective : The aim of this study was to investigate how trauma and personality system was related by comparing TCI profiles of the trauma versus non-trauma groups and PTSD symptom positive (PTSD symptom [+] group) and PTSD symptom negative groups (PTSD symptom [-] group). Methods : We compared the difference of Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI) profiles between the trauma (n=61) and the non-trauma (n=61) groups, and between the PTSD symptom [+] group (n=40) and PTSD symptom [-] group (n=21). Results : Comparison of the TCI's seven higher dimensions between the PTSD symptom [+] and [-] groups showed significant differences only in C (Cooperativeness). And in the analysis of TCI's lower dimensions the significant differences were observed in the HA1 (Worry and pessimism), HA2 (Tension regarding uncertainty), and C4 (Compassion) subscales. However, significant differences in the higher dimensions appeared more clearly between the non-traumatized group and the traumatized group. Compared to the non-traumatized group, the traumatized group scored significantly higher in HA (Harm avoidance) and RD (Reward dependence), while lower in SD (Self-directedness). Conclusion : Overall, present results suggest that traumatic experiences may affect personality systems regardless of the development and of PTSD symptoms.

Keywords

References

  1. Glaser JP, van Os J, Portegijs PJ, Myin-Germeys I. Childhood trauma and emotional reactivity to daily life stress in adult frequent attenders of general practitioners. J Psychosom Res 2006;61:229-236. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpsychores.2006.04.014
  2. Alea N, Diehl M, Bluck S. Personality and emotion in late life. In: Spielberger CD, editor. Encyclopedia of applied psychology. San Diego: Academic Press;2004. p.1-10.
  3. Caspi A, Roberts BW, Shiner RL. Personality development: stability and change. Annu Rev Psychol 2005;56:453-484. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.psych.55.090902.141913
  4. Hansenne M, Reggers J, Pinto E, Kjiri K, Ajamier A, Ansseau M. Temperament and character inventory (TCI) and depression. J Psychiatr Res 1999;33:31-36. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-3956(98)00036-3
  5. Cloninger CR, Svrakic DM, Przybeck TR. A psychobiological model of temperament and character. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1993;50:975-990. https://doi.org/10.1001/archpsyc.1993.01820240059008
  6. Pietrzak RH, Goldstein RB, Southwick SM, Grant BF. Personality disorders associated with full and partial posttraumatic stress disorder in the U.S. population: results from wave 2 of the national epidemiologic survey on alcohol and related conditions. J Psychiatr Res 2011;45:678-686. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpsychires.2010.09.013
  7. Weiss EL, Longhurst JG, Mazure CM. Childhood sexual abuse as a risk factor for depression in women: psychosocial and neurobiological correlates. Am J Psychiatry 1999;156:816-828.
  8. Rucklidge JJ, Brown DL, Crawford S, Kaplan BJ. Retrospective reports of childhood trauma in adults with ADHD. J Atten Disord 2006;9:631-641. https://doi.org/10.1177/1087054705283892
  9. Kausch O, Rugle L, Rowland DY. Lifetime histories of trauma among pathological gamblers. Am J Addict 2006;15:35-43. https://doi.org/10.1080/10550490500419045
  10. Read J, van Os J, Morrison AP, Ross CA. Childhood trauma, psychosis and schizophrenia: a literature review with theoretical and clinical implications. Acta Psychiatr Scand 2005;112:330-350. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0447.2005.00634.x
  11. Hwang SH, Lee HS, Lee SK, Lee HP, Jeon CE, Lee SY, et al. Symptom severity, functional impairment, and personality profiles between partial and full post-traumatic stress disorder patients among the adolescent survivors from the Incheon fire disaster. Anxiety and Mood 2011;7:92-100.
  12. Breslau N, Peterson EL, Kessler RC, Schultz LR. Short screening scale for DSM-IV posttraumatic stress disorder. Am J Psychiatry 1999;156:908-911.
  13. Cloninger CR, Svrakic DM, Przybeck TR. A psychobiological model of temperament and character Arch Gen Psychiatry 1993;50:975-990. https://doi.org/10.1001/archpsyc.1993.01820240059008
  14. Cloninger CR, Pryzbeck TR, Svrakic DM, Wetzel RD. The Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI): a guide to its development and use. 1st ed. St Louis, Missouri: center for psychobiology of personality, Washington University;1994.
  15. Sung SM, Kim JH, Yang E, Abrams KY, Lyoo IK. Reliability and validity of the Korean version of the Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI). Compr Psychiatry 2002;43:235-243. https://doi.org/10.1053/comp.2002.30794
  16. Lee YH, Song JY. A study of the reliability and the validity of the BDI, SDS, and MMPI-D scales. Korean J Clin Psychol 1991;10:98-113.
  17. Spielberger CD, Gorsuch RL, Lushene RE. Manual for the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory. Palo Alto, California: Consulting Psychologist Press;1970.
  18. 김정택, 신동균. STAI의 한국 표준화에 대한 연구. 최신의학 1978;21:69-75.
  19. Horowitz M, Wilner N, Alvarez W. Impact of event scale: a measure of subjective stress. Psychosom Med 1979;41:209-218.
  20. Yi SM, Eun HJ. A study of reliability and validity on the Korean version of impact of event scale. J Korean Neuropsychiatr Assoc 1999;38:501-512.
  21. Ball S, Smolin J, Shekhar A. A psychobiological approach to personality: examination within anxious outpatients. J Psychiatr Res 2002;36:97-103. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-3956(01)00054-1
  22. Bleich A, Koslowsky M, Dolev A, Lerer B. Post-traumatic stress disorder and depression: an analysis of comorbidity. Br J Psychiatry 1997;170:479-482. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.170.5.479
  23. Brady KT. Posttraumatic stress disorder and comorbidity: recognizing the many faces of PTSD. J Clin Psychiatry 1997;58:12-15. https://doi.org/10.4088/JCP.v58n0102
  24. Cloninger CR, Bayon C, Svrakic DM. Measurement of temperament and character in mood disorders: a model of fundamental states as personality types. J Affect Disord 1998;51:21-32. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0165-0327(98)00153-0
  25. Richter J, Eisemann M, Richter G. Temperament and character during the course of unipolar depression among inpatients. Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2000;250:40-47. https://doi.org/10.1007/PL00007538
  26. Elovainio M, Kivimaki M, Puttonen S, Heponiemi T, Pulkki L, Keltikangas-Jarvinen L. Temperament and depressive symptoms: a population-based longitudinal study on Cloninger's psychobiological temperament model. J Affect Disord 2004;83:227-232. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2004.06.005
  27. Kampman O, Poutanen O, Illi A, Setala-Soikkeli E, Viikki M, Nuolivirta T, et al. Temperament profiles, major depression, and response to treatment with SSRIs in psychiatric outpatients. Eur Psychiatry 2012;27:245-249. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpsy.2010.07.006
  28. North CS, Abbacchi A, Cloninger CR. Personality and posttraumatic stress disorder among directly exposed survivors of the Oklahoma City bombing. Compr Psychiatry 2012;53:1-8. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.comppsych.2011.02.005
  29. Richman H, Frueh BC. Personality and PTSD II: personality assessment of PTSD-diagnosed Vietnam veterans using the Cloninger tridimensional personality questionnaire (TPQ). Depress Anxiety 1997; 6:70-77. https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1520-6394(1997)6:2<70::AID-DA3>3.0.CO;2-9
  30. Yoon SC, Ham BJ, Byun JH, Eun HJ, Son HG, Suh KH, et al. Temperament and character dimensions of postraumatic stress disorder in burn patients. Korean J Biol Psychiatry 2005;12:159-163.
  31. Yoon SJ, Jun CS, An HY, Kang HR, Jun TY. Patterns of temperament and character in patients with posttraumatic stress disorder and their association with symptom severity. Compr Psychiatry 2009;50:226-231. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.comppsych.2008.08.003