Applied Microscopy

Korean Society of Microscopy (한국현미경학회)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Distribution of the Quantum Dot Nano-particles that Penetrate Skin and Distinction of Combined Osmium Tetroxide in Electron Microscopic Analysis

피부로 침투된 양자점 나노입자의 분포와 전자현미경 분석 시 발견되는 오스뮴산 결합물과의 구분

  • Choi, Ki-Ju (Department of Oriental Medicine Material and Processing, Kyung Hee University) ;
  • Park, Sang-Yong (Department of Oriental Medicine Material and Processing, Kyung Hee University) ;
  • Lee, Jeong-Min (Department of Oriental Medicine Material and Processing, Kyung Hee University) ;
  • Shin, Heon-Sub (Department of Oriental Medicine Material and Processing, Kyung Hee University) ;
  • Yang, Jung-Eun (Department of Oriental Medicine Material and Processing, Kyung Hee University) ;
  • Lee, Don-Gil (Department of Oriental Medicine Material and Processing, Kyung Hee University) ;
  • Mavonov, Garfurjon T. (Department of Oriental Medicine Material and Processing, Kyung Hee University) ;
  • Yi, Tae-Hoo (Department of Oriental Medicine Material and Processing, Kyung Hee University)
  • 최기주 (경희대학교 한방재료가공학과) ;
  • 박상용 (경희대학교 한방재료가공학과) ;
  • 이정민 (경희대학교 한방재료가공학과) ;
  • 신헌섭 (경희대학교 한방재료가공학과) ;
  • 양정은 (경희대학교 한방재료가공학과) ;
  • 이돈길 (경희대학교 한방재료가공학과) ;
  • ;
  • 이태후 (경희대학교 한방재료가공학과)
  • Received : 2011.12.14
  • Accepted : 2012.01.05
  • Published : 2012.03.31
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

The possibility of nanoparticles (NPs) in biotechnology had been discussed by biomedical investigators. Here we report to suggest a solution and problems when using electron microscopy to determine the distribution of quantum dots (QDs) nanoparticles that penetrate skin. The results of this study showed that NPs were able to penetrate stratum corneum (SC) and sebocyte via hair follicle. However, we have found artifacts such as nanoparticles that are produced from combination of free fatty acid and osmium tetroxide during specimen preparation. It is usually difficult to identify NPs. Therefore, we tried to resolve these problems by comparing the cross-correlation image pattern that are derived from the images of sample that had been processed differently. This method can contribute to more accurate interpretation and minimal errors during the analysis using quantum dot as tracer.

나노입자의 가능성은 의생물학 분야의 연구자들에 의해 열띤 토론이 되어지고 있다. 우리는 일종의 추적자인 양자점(quantum dots)을 이용하여 피부로 침투된 나노입자의 분포를 전자현미경으로 확인하는 과정에서 나타나는 문제점과 이를 해결하기 위한 방법을 제안해 보고자 하였다. 나노입자는 피부의 각질층과 모공을 통한 일부 피지세포 내부까지 침투되는 것을 확인하였다. 이 과정에서 오스뮴산이 세포 내 지방산과의 결합에 의해 나노입자 형태의 축적물이 생성되는 것을 확인할 수 있었고, 이것은 의도한 나노입자(양자점)의 분포를 확인하는데 간섭을 주는 요인이 되는 문제점을 발견하였다. 이를 해결하기 위해, 양자점과 오스뮴산을 달리 처리하는 방법을 통하여 각각의 사진에서 나타나는 나노입자의 진위 여부를 비교하므로 의도한 나노입자의 정확한 분포를 확인할 수 있었다. 이러한 결과는 의생물 분야에서 생체내 나노입자의 분포를 확인하기 위한 연구 시 오차를 감소시키고, 보다 정확한 분석을 제공할 수 있을 것으로 기대해 본다.

Keywords

References

  1. Biancamaria B, Maria GE, Felica L, Michela I, Raimondo P, Arturo LQ: Penetration of metallic nanoparticles in human full-thickness skin. J Invest Dermatol 127 : 1701-1712, 2007. https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.jid.5700733
  2. Bianco A, Kostarelos K, Prato M: Applications of carbon nanotubes in drug delivery. Curr Opin Chem Biol 9 : 674-679, 2005. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cbpa.2005.10.005
  3. Bozzola JJ, Russel LD: Electron Microscopy, 2nd Edition, Jones & Bartlett Learning, London, 1998.
  4. Chen X, Schluesener HJ: Nanosilver: a nanoproduct in medical application. Toxicol Lett 176 : 1-12, 2008. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.toxlet.2007.10.004
  5. Dalila B, Santiago S, Bjorn J, Martin S, Peter S: Chemical analysis of osmium tetroxide staining in adipose tissue using imaging ToF-SIMS. Histochem Cell Biol 132 : 105-115, 2009. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00418-009-0587-z
  6. Dreher KL: Health and environmental impact of nanotechnology: toxicological assessment of manufactured nanoparticles. Toxicol Sci 77 : 3-5, 2004.
  7. Frasca JM, Auerbach O, Parks VR, Jamieson JD: Electron microscopic observations of the bronchial epithelium of dogs. Exp Mol Pathol 9 : 363-379, 1968. https://doi.org/10.1016/0014-4800(68)90026-9
  8. Gupta AK, Gupta M: Synthesis and surface engineering of iron oxide nanoparticles for biomedical applications. Biomaterials 26 : 3995-4021, 2005. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biomaterials.2004.10.012
  9. Gwinn MR, Vallyathan V: Nanoparticles: health effects pros and cons. Environ Health Perspect 114 : 1818-1825, 2006.
  10. Hoet PM, Bruske HI, Salata OV: Nanoparticles known and unknown health risks. J Nanobiotechnol 2 : 12, 2004. https://doi.org/10.1186/1477-3155-2-12
  11. Lademann J, Richter H, Teichmann A, Otberg N, Blume U, Luengo J, Wei B, Schaefer UF, Lehr CM, Wepf R, Sterry W: Nanoparticles an efficient carrier for drug delivery into the hair follicles. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 66 : 59-164, 2007.
  12. Matteo C, Massimo B, Giovanni M, Gianpiero A, Caterina Z, Chiara F: Nanoparticle dermal absorption and toxicity: a review of the literature. Int Arch Occup Environ Health 82 : 1043-1055, 2009. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00420-009-0458-x
  13. Nasterlack M, Zober A, Oberlinner C: Considerations on occupational medical surveillance in employees handling nanoparticles. Int Arch Occup Environ Health 81 : 721-726, 2008. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00420-007-0245-5
  14. Nel A, Xia T, Maler L, Li N: Toxic potential of materials at the nanolevel. Science 311 : 622-627, 2006. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1114397
  15. Neuberger T, Schopf B, Hofmann H, Hofmann M, Rechenberg B: Superparamagnetic nanoparticles for biomedical applications: possibilities and limitations of a new drug delivery system. J Magn Magn Mat 293 : 483-496, 2005. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmmm.2005.01.064
  16. Oberdorster G, Oberdorsters E, Oberdorster J: Nanotoxicology: an emerging discipline evolving from studies of ultrafine particles. Environ Health Perspect 113 : 823-839, 2005. https://doi.org/10.1289/ehp.7339
  17. Paliwal S, Gopinathan KM, Mitragotri S: Low-Frequency Sonophoresis: ultrastructural basis for stratum corneum permeability assessed using quantum dots. J Invest Dermatol 126 : 1095-1101, 2006. https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.jid.5700248
  18. Penn SG, He L, Natan MJ: Nanoparticles for bioanalysis. Curr Opin Chem Biol 7 : 609-615, 2003. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cbpa.2003.08.013
  19. Russell LD, Burguet S: Ultrastructure of leydig cells as revealed by secondary tissue treatment with a ferrocyanide: osmium mixture. Tissue and cell 9 : 99-112, 1978.
  20. Scheuplein RJ: Mechanisms of percutaneous absorption: Transient diffusion and the relative importance of various routes of skin penetration. J Invest Dermatol 48 : 79-88, 1967. https://doi.org/10.1038/jid.1967.11