DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Division of Soil Properties in Reclaimed Land of the Mangyeong and Dongjin River Basin and Their Agricultural Engineering Management

만경강과 동진강 유역 간척농경지 토양특성 구분과 농공학적 관리 대책

  • 황선웅 (농촌진흥청 국립식량과학원 벼맥류부) ;
  • 강종국 (농촌진흥청 국립식량과학원 벼맥류부) ;
  • 이경도 (농촌진흥청 국립식량과학원 벼맥류부) ;
  • 이경보 (농촌진흥청 국립식량과학원 벼맥류부) ;
  • 박기훈 (농촌진흥청 국립식량과학원 벼맥류부) ;
  • 정덕영 (충남대학교 농업생명과학대학)
  • Received : 2012.05.18
  • Accepted : 2012.06.01
  • Published : 2012.06.30

Abstract

The physical and chemical properties of soil in the Mangyeong and Dongjin river basin had been investigated in order to establish the most optimum soil improvement plan on the reclaimed land. The total soil area by reclamation in Saemangeum basin is 113,971 ha. The classification by the distribution of soil series and soil texture is as following. 13 soil series including Chonnam, Buyong and Chonbuk series are period-unknown areas. Regarding the soil texture, they are fine silty ~ clayey very fine. From 1920s to 1960s, Mangyeong, Gwanghwal and Chonbuk series had coarse silty textured soil. After the 1970s, Mangyeong, Gwanghwal, Munpo, Yeompo, Poseung, Gapo and Hasa series have more sandy soil ~ moderately coarse loamy textured soil. Regarding the chemical properties, the concentrations of EC, Exch. $K^+$, $Mg^{2+}$, $Na^+$ and pH are high regardless of the time of reclamation. On the other hand, organic matter (OM) of top soil were 3.3~16.1 g $kg^{-1}$. The organic matter contents were very low though the soil had been farmed for a long time. Furthermore, the deep soil had almost no organic matter with 5.6~1.1 g $kg^{-1}$. The reason is believed that there had not been any movement of OM and clay because pressure or induced pans had been formed by large agricultural machineries and poor vertical drain. Regarding the forming of illuvial horizon (B layer) which tells the development extent of soil, only in the Hwapo reclaimed area where rice had been cultivated for past 90 years, Fe and Mn from top soil are deposited at underground 20~30 cm with 7~8 cm thickness by the movement of clay. It is believed that it had been possible because the earthiness is silty clay loam soil with relatively high content of clay. The soils are soil with concern of damage from sea water, soil on flimsy ground and sandy soil. Therefore, soil improvement for stable crop production can be expected; if the water table would be lowered by subsurface drainage, the water permeability would be enhanced by gypsum and organic matter, and the sandy soil would be replaced by red soil with high content of clay.

간척 농경지에 대한 최적 토양관리 방안을 마련코자 새만금 유역 간척농경지를 대상으로 토양의 물리, 화학적 특성을 조사하였다. 새만금 유역의 간척지 유래 토양면적은총 113,971 ha이며, 이들 지역의 토양통 분포와 토성을 구분해 보면 연대미상 지역은 주로 전남, 부용, 전북통 등 13개 토양통이다. 토성은 미사식양질~식질이며, 1920년대에서 1960년대에는 만경, 광활, 전북통에 미사사양질이고, 1970년대 이후에는 만경, 광활, 문포, 염포, 포승, 가포, 하사통등 사질~사양질 토양이 많았다. 토양화학성은 간척연대와 상관없이 pH와 EC, Exch. K, Mg, Na 농도가 높은 반면 OM은 표토에는 3.3~16.1 g $kg^{-1}$으로 오랜 기간 동안 영농을 했음에도 유기물 함량이 매우 낮았다. 더욱이 심토는 5.6~1.1 g $kg^{-1}$으로 유기물이 거의 없는 상태였는데, 이는 수직배수가 불량하고 대형 농기계에 의한 경반층이 형성되어 점토와 유기물 이동이 없었기 때문으로 판단된다. 또한 토양발달정도를 알 수 있는 집적층 (B층) 형성은 벼를 90년간 재배한 화포 간척지에서만 점토 이동에 따라 표토의 Fe, Mn 성분등이 지하 20~30 cm부근에 7~8 cm 두께로 쌓여 있는데 이러한 원인은 토성이 비교적 점토함량이 높은 미사질식양토라서 가능했던 것 같다. 이들 토양은 염해 우려 토양, 연약지반 토양 및 사질토양이므로 개량은 먼저 지하배수 시설을 하여 지하수위를 낮추어 주고 동시에 석고와 유기물을 시용하여 투수성을 높여 주며, 모래가 많은 사질토양은 점토가 많은 산적토 등을 객토하여야 만 안정적인 작물생산을 기대할 수 있다.

Keywords

References

  1. Cho, G.H., H.M. Kim, C.H. Yoo, K.H. Park, and H.T. Um. 1986. Studies on the suitability on soil classes for the barley cultivation before rice transplanting in housing in Honam area. J. Korean Soc. Soil Sci. Fert. 28(2):22-29.
  2. Choi, J.W., C.H. Cho, C.H. Yoo, C.H. Chung, and K.H. Park. 1987. Studies on soil characteristics of new polderland in Yeongsan rivershed. The Rural Development Administration. 29(1):89-97.
  3. Kim, H.M., G.H. Cho, C.H. Yoo, M.Y. Eun, S.P. Rho, and Y.H. Shin. 1984. Studies on morphological characteristics of rice soil in Mangeong-Dongjin and Yeonsang watersheds. J. Korean Soc. Soil Sci. Fert. 17(2):125-133.
  4. Lee, S.H, S.H. Yoo, S.L. Seol, Y. An, Y.S. Jung, and S.M. Lee. 2000. Assessment of salt damage for upland-crops in Dae-Ho reclaimed soil. Korean J. Environ. Agri. 19(4):358- 363.
  5. Min, B.M. and J.H. Kim. 1997. Soil texture and desalination after land reclamation on the west coast of Korea. Korean J. Ecol. 20(2):133-143.
  6. Oh, W.K. 1991. Desalinization of marine by the application of strae and lime. Korean J. Soil Sci. Fert. 24(1):35-40.
  7. Shim, J.H., J.H. Jung, and Y. An. 1989. A study on the characteristics of fluvio marine soils developed in the west south coastal area. J. Korean Soc. Soil Sci. Fert. 22(4):280- 284.
  8. So, J.D., S.J. Yoo, HM. Kim, and N.P. Park. 1980. Studies on the characteristics of newly reclaimed land in the southwest seaside of Honam district. The Reports of the Office of Rural Development, 22:24-30.
  9. Yoo, C.H., G.H. Cho, J.W. Choi, K.H. Park, and Y.H. Kim. 1989. Studies on change of physico-chemical properties due to ripening degrees in reclaimed tidle deposits. J. Korean Soc. Soil Sci. Fert. 22(3):180-190.
  10. Yoo, C.H., J.G. Kim, J.S. Lee, J.G. Kang, J.D. So, and K.H. Park. 1990. Change of physico-chemical properties of tidla soil on their mafurities. J. Korean Soc. Soil Sci. Fert. 23(4):259-267.
  11. Yoo, C.H., G.H. Cho, J.W. Choi, K.H. Park, and K.H. Park. 1988. A Survey on the soil environments of alpine vegetable housing in Honam area. J. Korean Soc. Soil Sci. Fert. 21(3):246-253.
  12. Yoo, C.H., J.U. Kim, J.S. Lee, J.G. Kang, J.D. So, and K.H. Park. 1990. Change of Physico-chemical properties of tidal soils on their maturities. J. Korean Soc. Soil Sci. Fert. 23(4):259-267.

Cited by

  1. Incorporation Effect of Green Manure Crops on Improvement of Soil Environment on Saemangeum Reclaimed Land during Sorghum×Sudangrass Hybrid Cultivation vol.45, pp.5, 2012, https://doi.org/10.7745/KJSSF.2012.45.5.744
  2. Effect of Rice Straw Application on Yield of Whole Crop Barley and Change in Soil Properties under Upland Condition in Saemangeum Reclaimed Tidal Land vol.47, pp.6, 2014, https://doi.org/10.7745/KJSSF.2014.47.6.586
  3. Temporal Variations on Soil Salinity and Cation Displacement at Saemangeum and Yeongsangang Reclaimed Tidal Lands vol.03, pp.04, 2014, https://doi.org/10.4236/jacen.2014.34014
  4. Characteristics of TN and TP in Runoff from Reclaimed Paddy Field of Fine Sandy Loam vol.46, pp.6, 2013, https://doi.org/10.7745/KJSSF.2013.46.6.417
  5. Effect of Soil Salinity Levels on Silage Barley Growth at Saemangeum Reclaimed Tidal Land vol.46, pp.5, 2013, https://doi.org/10.7745/KJSSF.2013.46.5.365
  6. Incorporation Effect of Green Manure Crops on Improvement of Soil Environment on Saemangeum Reclaimed Land during Silage Corn Cultivation vol.46, pp.3, 2013, https://doi.org/10.7745/KJSSF.2013.46.3.187
  7. Effect of Soil Salinity on Nitrogen Mineralization of Livestock Manure Compost in Salt-Affected Coastal Soils vol.47, pp.3, 2014, https://doi.org/10.7745/KJSSF.2014.47.3.199