A Repeated-dose Oral Toxicity Study of Orostachys japonicus Extract in Sprague-Dawley Rats

  • Ryu, Deok-Seon (Department of Smart Foods and Drugs Inje University) ;
  • Lee, Mi-Young (Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science Inje University) ;
  • Lee, Hyeong-Seon (Department of Smart Foods and Drugs Inje University) ;
  • Kim, Seon-Hee (Department of Smart Foods and Drugs Inje University) ;
  • Lee, Gyeong-Seon (Department of Smart Foods and Drugs Inje University) ;
  • Kwon, Ji-Hye (Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science Inje University) ;
  • Lee, Dong-Seok (Department of Smart Foods and Drugs Inje University)
  • Received : 2011.12.08
  • Accepted : 2012.01.25
  • Published : 2012.03.31

Abstract

A 12-week repeated-dose oral toxicity study of water-soluble Orostachys japonicus extract (WOJ) was performed in Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats of both genders. Each group of ten rats was orally administered in doses of either 0 or 250 mg/day over a 12-week period. As a result, no WOJ-related changes were observed in terms of survival rate, clinical signs, body weight, or food intake. In addition, no difference in organ weight between the control and treated groups was detected. Furthermore, serum biochemistry parameters revealed some changes within normal ranges although significant decreases in total-bilirubin in the females. In spite of some alterations in serum biochemistry, the clinical signs, body weight changes from food intake, and autoptical remarks indicated that WOJ was not toxic. This study suggests that repeated treatment of O. japonicus very low toxicity and the NOAEL (no observed adverse effect dose) of WOJ exceeds 250 mg/kg in the SD rats.

Keywords

References

  1. Jeong JH, Ryu DS, Suk DH, Lee DS. Anti-inflammatory effects of ethanol extract from Orostachys japonicus on modulation of signal pathways in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells. BMB Reports. 2011. 44: 399-404.
  2. Kim YS, Song MY, Park JD, Song KS, Ryu HR, Chung YH, Chang HK, Lee JH, Oh KH, Kelman BJ, Hwang IK, Yu IJ. Subchronic oral toxicity of silver nanoparticles. Part Fibre Toxicol. 2010. 7: 20.
  3. Lagarto A, Bueno V, Guerra I, Valdㄷs O, Vega Y, Torres L. Acute and subchronic oral toxicities of Calendula officinalis extract in Wistar rats. Exp Toxicol Pathol. 2011. 63: 387-391.
  4. Ma CJ, Jung WJ, Lee KY, Kim YC, Sung SH. Calpain inhibitory flavonoids isolated from Orostachys japonicus. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem. 2009. 24: 676-679.
  5. Mei N, Arlt VM, Phillips DH, Heflich RH, Chen T. DNA adduct formation and mutation induction by aristolochic acid in rat kidney and liver. Mutat Res. 2006. 602: 83-91.
  6. Park HJ, Young HS, Park KY, Rhee SH, Chung HY, Choi JS. Flavonoids from the whole plants of Orostachys japonicus. Arch Pharm Res. 1991. 14: 167-171.
  7. Ryu DS, Kim SH, Lee DS. Effect of Salicornia herbacea polysaccharides on the activation of immune cells in vitro and in vivo. Food Sci Biotechnol. 2009. 18: 1481-1486.
  8. Ryu DS, Baek GO, Kim EY, Kim KH, Lee DS. Effects of polysaccharides derived from Orostachys japonicus on induction of cell cycle arrest and apoptotic cell death in human colon cancer cells. BMB Reports. 2010. 43: 750-755.
  9. Shin JH, Lee SJ, Cha JY, Seo JK, Cheon EW, Sung NJ. The antioxidants activities of Wa-song (Orostachys japonicus A. Berger) on edible oil and fat. Korean J Food Cookery Sci. 2008. 24: 748-756.
  10. Stein U, Greyer H, Hentschel H. Nutmeg (myristicin) poisoning - report on a fetal case and a series of cases recorded by a poison information centre. Forensic Sci Int. 2001. 118: 87-90.
  11. Wirth JH, Hudgins JC, Paice JA. Use of herbal therapies to relieve pain: a review of efficacy and adverse effects. Pain Manag Nurs. 2005. 6: 145-167.
  12. Yoon Y, Kim KS, Hong SG, Kang BJ, Lee MY, Cho DW. Protective effects of Orostachys japonicus A. Berger (Crossuloceae) on $H_2O_2-induced$ apoptosis in GTI-1 mouse hypothalamic neuronal cell line. J Ethnopharmacol. 2000. 69: 73-78.
  13. Yoon NY, Min BS, Lee HK, Park JC, Choi JS. A potent anticomplementary acylated sterol glucoside from Orostachys japonicus. Arch Pharm Res. 2005. 28: 892-896.