DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Extraneural Metastasis of Glioblastoma Multiforme Presenting as an Unusual Neck Mass

  • Seo, Young-Jun (Department of Neurosurgery & Medical Research Institute, Pusan National University Hospital, Pusan National University School of Medicine) ;
  • Cho, Won-Ho (Department of Neurosurgery & Medical Research Institute, Pusan National University Hospital, Pusan National University School of Medicine) ;
  • Kang, Dong-Wan (Department of Neurosurgery & Medical Research Institute, Pusan National University Hospital, Pusan National University School of Medicine) ;
  • Cha, Seung-Heon (Department of Neurosurgery & Medical Research Institute, Pusan National University Hospital, Pusan National University School of Medicine)
  • Received : 2011.02.14
  • Accepted : 2012.03.08
  • Published : 2012.03.28

Abstract

Glioblastoma multiforme(GBM) is the most aggressive intracranial tumor and it commonly spreads by direct extension and infiltration into the adjacent brain tissue and along the white matter tract. The metastatic spread of GBM outside of the central nervous system (CNS) is rare. The possible mechanisms of extraneural metastasis of the GBM have been suggested. They include the lymphatic spread, the venous invasion and the direct invasion through dura and bone. We experienced a 46-year-old man who had extraneural metastasis of the G8M on his left neck. The patient was treated with surgery for 5 times, radiotherapy and chemotherapy. He had survived 6 years since first diagnosed. Although the exact mechanism of the extraneural metastasis is not well understood, this present case shows the possibility of extraneural metastasis of the G8M, especially in patients with long survival.

Keywords

References

  1. Bernstein JJ, Woodard CA : Glioblastoma cells do not intravasate into blood vessels. Neurosurgery 36 : 124-132; discussion 132, 1995 https://doi.org/10.1227/00006123-199501000-00016
  2. Cervio A, Piedimonte F, Salaberry J, Alcorta SC, Salvat J, Diez B, et al. : Bone metastases from secondary glioblastoma multiforme : a case report. J Neurooncol 52 : 141-148, 2001 https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1010629618859
  3. Giese A, Loo MA, Rief MD, Tran N, Berens ME : Substrates for astrocytoma invasion. Neurosurgery 37 : 294-301; discussion 301-302, 1995 https://doi.org/10.1227/00006123-199508000-00015
  4. Hsu E, Keene D, Ventureyra E, Matzinger MA, Jimenez C, Wang HS, et al. : Bone marrow metastasis in astrocytic gliomata. J Neurooncol 37 : 285-293, 1998 https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1005909127196
  5. Huang P, Allam A, Taghian A, Freeman J, Duffy M, Suit HD : Growth and metastatic behavior of five human glioblastomas compared with nine other histological types of human tumor xenografts in SCID mice. J Neurosurg 83 : 308-315, 1995 https://doi.org/10.3171/jns.1995.83.2.0308
  6. Liwnicz BH, Rubinstein LJ : The pathways of extraneural spread in metastasizing gliomas : a report of three cases and critical review of the literature. Hum Pathol 10 : 453-467, 1979 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0046-8177(79)80051-9
  7. Mentrikoski M, Johnson MD, Korones DN, Scott GA : Glioblastoma multiforme in skin : a report of 2 cases and review of the literature. Am J Dermatopathol 30 : 381-384, 2008 https://doi.org/10.1097/DAD.0b013e31817532c4
  8. Moon KS, Jung S, Lee MC, Kim IY, Kim HW, Lee JK, et al. : Metastatic glioblastoma in cervical lymph node after repeated craniotomies : report of a case with diagnosis by fine needle aspiration. J Korean Med Sci 19 : 911-914, 2004 https://doi.org/10.3346/jkms.2004.19.6.911
  9. Pansera F, Pansera E : An explanation for the rarity of extraaxial metastases in brain tumors. Med Hypotheses 39 : 88-89, 1992 https://doi.org/10.1016/0306-9877(92)90146-4
  10. Pasquier B, Lachard A, Pasquier D, Muller F, Couderc P, Courel-Vidard MN, et al. : [Costal micrometastasis from a cerebral astrocytoma. Immunohistochemical detection (author's transl)]. Arch Anat Cytol Pathol 30 : 50-55, 1982
  11. Pasquier B, Pasquier D, N'Golet A, Panh MH, Couderc P : Extraneural metastases of astrocytomas and glioblastomas : clinicopathological study of two cases and review of literature. Cancer 45 : 112-125, 1980 https://doi.org/10.1002/1097-0142(19800101)45:1<112::AID-CNCR2820450121>3.0.CO;2-9
  12. Rajagopalan V, El Kamar FG, Thayaparan R, Grossbard ML : Bone marrow metastases from glioblastoma multiforme--a case report and review of the literature. J Neurooncol 72 : 157-161, 2005 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11060-004-3346-y
  13. Stark AM, Nabavi A, Mehdorn HM, BlÖmer U : Glioblastoma multiforme-report of 267 cases treated at a single institution. Surg Neurol 63 : 162-169; discussion 169, 2005 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.surneu.2004.01.028
  14. Subramanian A, Harris A, Piggott K, Shieff C, Bradford R : Metastasis to and from the central nervous system--the 'relatively protected site'. Lancet Oncol 3 : 498-507, 2002 https://doi.org/10.1016/S1470-2045(02)00819-7
  15. Wallace CJ, Forsyth PA, Edwards DR : Lymph node metastases from glioblastoma multiforme. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 17 : 1929-1931, 1996
  16. Weiss L : A metastasizing ependymoma of the cauda equina. Cancer 8 : 161-171, 1955 https://doi.org/10.1002/1097-0142(1955)8:1<161::AID-CNCR2820080123>3.0.CO;2-K

Cited by

  1. Leptomeningeal and intramedullary metastases of glioblastoma multiforme in a patient reoperated during adjuvant radiochemotherapy vol.11, pp.None, 2013, https://doi.org/10.1186/1477-7819-11-55
  2. Extra-CNS metastasis from glioblastoma: a rare clinical entity vol.15, pp.5, 2012, https://doi.org/10.1586/14737140.2015.1028374
  3. Extraneural metastases in glioblastoma patients: two cases with YKL-40-positive glioblastomas and a meta-analysis of the literature vol.39, pp.1, 2012, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10143-015-0656-9
  4. Lymphatic metastasis due to glioblastoma vol.21, pp.2, 2016, https://doi.org/10.17712/nsj.2016.2.20150497
  5. Cytomorphology of glioblastoma metastic to a cervical lymph node diagnosed by fine needle aspiration (FNA): A case report and review of literature vol.48, pp.6, 2012, https://doi.org/10.1002/dc.24412
  6. The cerebral microvasculature: Basic and clinical perspectives on stroke and glioma vol.28, pp.3, 2021, https://doi.org/10.1111/micc.12671
  7. A rare case of cervical metastatis of glioblastoma after cranial tumor resection: case report and review of literature vol.35, pp.3, 2012, https://doi.org/10.1080/02688697.2020.1814994
  8. Multiple intracranial and extracranial metastases from postoperative glioblastoma: A case report and review of the literature vol.24, pp.None, 2012, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.inat.2020.101025
  9. Double Recombinant Vaccinia Virus: A Candidate Drug against Human Glioblastoma vol.11, pp.10, 2021, https://doi.org/10.3390/life11101084