한국산업보건학회지 (Journal of Korean Society of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene)

  • 제22권3호
  • /
  • Pages.184-190
  • /
  • 2012
  • /
  • 2384-132X(pISSN)
  • /
  • 2289-0564(eISSN)
한국산업보건학회 (Korean Industrial Hygiene Association)
권호 표지

용접 및 연마에서 발생되는 나노입자 특성 평가 : 수농도 및 입경분포 분석

Characterization of Nanoparticles from Welding and Grinding Processes: Evaluation of Number Concentration and Size Distribution

  • 김부욱 (근로복지공단 직업성폐질환연구소) ;
  • 김현욱 (가톨릭대학교 의과대학 예방의학교실)
  • Kim, Boowook (Occupational Lung Diseases Institute, Korea Workers' Compensation and Welfare Service) ;
  • Kim, Hyunwook (Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea)
  • 발행 : 2012.09.30
⟨ 이전 논문 다음 논문 ⟩

초록

Objectives: This study aimed to characterize the nanoparticles produced by welding and grinding processes. Methods: The number concentrations of particles were mapped to determine the distribution of welding fumes in a workplace atmosphere using a hand-held condensation particle counter. An electrical low-pressure impactor was used for measuring the number concentration and particle size distribution. Results: High number concentrations were found around arc cutting and welding (grinding) processes. In the worker's breathing zone, the mean number concentration was 655,000 particles/cm3 and the count median diameter (CMD) was 84 nm with several multi peak distributions (~20, 70, 300 nm). However, at a distance of 3 m from the welding position, the number concentration decreased to 153,000 particles/cm3 with a 70 nm single peak size distribution. During a grinding process, peaks with high concentrations of nanoparticles were temporarily observed. The mean number concentration was 1,520,000 particles/cm3, and the CMD was 30 nm. Nanoparticles (<100 nm) made up 58% and 92% of the aerosols produced by welding and grinding processes, respectively.

키워드

참고문헌

  1. 윤충식. 나노물질의 측정전략의 주요 쟁점. 한국환경보건학회지 2011; 37 (1): 73-79
  2. 하주현, 신용철, 이승철, Samuel Y.Paik, 김부욱 등. 탄소나노튜브 표면 처리 실험실 종사자의 공기중 나노입자 노출에 관한 연구. 한국환경보건학회지 2010; 36 (5): 343-350
  3. Buonanno G, Morawska L, Stabile L. Exposure to welding particles in automotive plants. J Aerosol Sci 2011; 42: 295-304 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaerosci.2011.02.003
  4. Donaldson K, Stone V, Gilmour PS, Brown DM, MacNee W. Ultrafine particles : mechanisms of lung injury. Phil Trans R Soc Lond A 2000; 358: 2741-2749 https://doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2000.0681
  5. European Commission. New nanomaterial definition. 2011. availble from: URL:http://europa.eu/rapid/pressReleases Action.do?reference=IP/11/1202
  6. Han JH, Lee EJ, Lee JH, So KP, Lee YH et al. Monitoring multiwalled carbon nanotube exposure in carbon nanotube research facility. Inhal Toxicol 2008; 20: 741-749 https://doi.org/10.1080/08958370801942238
  7. International Commission on Radiological Protection. Human respiratory tract model for radiological protection. Annals. ICRP 1994;24(1-3). ICRP publication 66
  8. International Organization for Standardization. ISO TR 27628. Nanotechnologies - workplace atmosphere ultrafine, nanoparticle and nano-structured aerosolinhalation exposure characterization and assessment, ISO, Geneva, 2007
  9. Klot SV, Wolke G, Tuch T, Heinrich J, Dockery DW, et al. Increased asthma medication use in association with ambient fine and ultrafine particle. Eur Respir J 2002; 20: 691-702 https://doi.org/10.1183/09031936.02.01402001
  10. Kreying WG, Semmler M, Erbe F, Mayer P, Takenaka S, et al. Translocation of ultrafine insoluble iridium particles from lung epithelium to extrapulmonary organs is size dependent but very low. J Toxicol Environ Health 2002; 65 (20): 1513-1530 https://doi.org/10.1080/00984100290071649
  11. Lee JH, Lee SB, Bae GN, Jeon KS, Yoon JU et al. Exposure assessment of carbon nanotube manufacturing workplaces. Inhal Toxicol 2010; 22: 369-381 https://doi.org/10.3109/08958370903367359
  12. Maynard AD, Zimmer AT. Evaluation of grinding aerosols in terms of alveolar dose: The significance of using mass, surface area and number metrics. Ann Occup Hyg 2002; 46(supplement 1): 315-319
  13. Oberdörster G, Sharp Z, Atudorei V, Elder A, Gelein R, Kreyling W, Cox C. Translocation of inhaled ultrafine particles to the brain. Inhalation Toxicology 2004; 16: 437-445 https://doi.org/10.1080/08958370490439597
  14. Pekkanen J, Peter A, Hoek G, Tiittanen P, Brunekreef B, et al. Particulate air pollution and risk of ST-segment depression during repeated submaximal exercise tests among subjects with coronary heart disease. The exposure and risk assessment for fine and ultrafine particle particle in ambient air (ULTRA) study. Circulation 2002; 106: 933-938 https://doi.org/10.1161/01.CIR.0000027561.41736.3C
  15. Peter TM, Heitbrink WA, Evans DE, Slavin TJ, Maynard AD. The mapping of fine and ultrafine particle concentrations in an engine machining and assembly facility. Ann Occup Hyg 2006; 50: 249-257
  16. Pfefferkorn FE, Bello D, Haddad G, Park JY, Powell M, et al. Characterization of exposures to airborne nanoscale particles during friction stir welding of aluminum. Ann Occup Hyg 2010; 54 (5): 486-503 https://doi.org/10.1093/annhyg/meq037
  17. Ramachandran G, Ostraat M, Evans DE, Methner MM, O'Shaughnessy P, D'Arcy J et al. A strategy for assessing workplace exposure to nanomaterials. J Occup Environ Hyg 2011; 8: 673-685 https://doi.org/10.1080/15459624.2011.623223
  18. Stephenson D, Seshadri G, Veranth JM. Workplace exposure to submicron particle mass and number concentrations from manual arc welding of carbon steel. AIHAJ 2003; 64: 516-521
  19. Zimmer AT, Baron PA, Biswas P. The influence of operating parameters on number-weighted aerosol size distribution generated from a gas metal arc welding process. J Aerosol Sci 2002; 33: 519-531 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-8502(01)00189-6