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개구부를 통한 동시다발적인 화재성상에 관한 연구

A Study on Concurrent Fire Appearance through Openings

  • 투고 : 2012.01.26
  • 심사 : 2012.04.13
  • 발행 : 2012.04.30

초록

외장재에 의한 수직화재확산은 확산속도가 구획화재에 비해 매우 빨라 이에 대한 화재의 특성 분석이 요구된다. 본 연구에서는 건물 외부에서 발생한 화재가 연소 확대되면서 수직으로 상승하여 개구부를 통해 유입되는 화재의 성상에 대해서 외장재로 널리 사용되는 심재가 폴리에틸렌인 일반 알루미늄복합패널에 대해 화재시뮬레이션을 적용하여 연구하였다. 그 결과, 수직확산화염은 화재초기에 2층까지 상승하는 데는 약 135초가 걸렸지만 10층까지는 470초, 최고층인 30층까지 상승하는 데는 711초에 도달하는 것으로 분석되어 고층부로 갈수록 난류 및 외장재 설치공간의 연돌효과에 의해서 급격히 확대되는 것을 알 수 있었다. 이러한 연구 결과로 외장재가 설치된 건축물의 화재 시 개구부를 통한 화재는 동시다발적으로 그 건물의 내부에 확대되는 심각성을 확인할 수 있었다.

Since vertical flame spread speed on exterior materials is much faster than horizontal fire, analysis of its fire characteristic is required. For the study of vertical fire pattern created by penetrating windows or openings from the exterior wall of buildings, the research is based on the fire simulation for an aluminum-complex-panel with which is commonly used as exterior materials and consists of polyethylene core material. As a result, the flame reaches the 2nd floor after 135 seconds in the early stage of fire, the 10the floor after 470 seconds and the 30th floor, the highest floor, after 711 seconds. The result shows that fire spread abruptly expands on upper floor due to stack effect of a turbulent flow or exterior materials. In consequence, we can confirm a serious problem that a conflagration of a building through an opening that is equipped with the exterior-materials spreads into interior of building at that same time.

키워드

참고문헌

  1. S.H. Min, J.E. Yun, M.S. Kim, and S.B. Choi, "A Study on the Fire Characteristics of Aluminum Composite Panel by Large Scale Calorimeter", J. of Korea Institute of Fire Sci. & Eng., Vol.24, No.2, pp.89-96(2010).
  2. S.H. Min and M.S. Kim, "A Study on the Fire Risk Assessment of EIFS by Cone Calorimeter Test & Single Burning Item Test", J. of the Korea Safety Management & Science, Vol.12, No.1, pp.1-9 (2010).
  3. Y.M. Choi and S.C. Kim, etc., "Fire Performance Test for Residential Flooring Materials by Using a Cone Calorimeter and a Smoke Toxicity Tester", J. of Korea Institute of Fire Sci. & Eng., Proceeding of 2007 Spring Annual Conference, pp.325-331 (2007).
  4. Notification No. 2011-68 of the National Emergency Management Agency, "Performance-based Methods and Standards of Fire Safety Design", NEMA (2011).
  5. Korea Fire Protection Association (KFPA), "The SFPF Handbook of Fire Protection Engineering", SFPE(2005).
  6. Felix Nyuk Poh Bong, "Fire Spread on Exterior Walls, Fire Engineering Research Report 2000/1", ISSN 1173-5996(2000).
  7. C.A. Wade and J.C. Clampett, "Fire Performance of Exterior Claddings", Branz Report FCRI, Fire Code Reform Center Ltd.(2000).
  8. S.H. Min and J.E. Yun, "A Study on the Modeling Vertical Spread Fire of Exterior Panel by Fire Dynamic Simulation (FDS)", J. of the Korea Safety Management & Sci., Vol.11 No.2, pp.77-85(2009).
  9. S.C. Kim, "A Review of Temperature Measurement of Fire Driven Flow Using Thermocouple-Measurement Bias", J. of Korea Institute of Fire Sci. & Eng., Vol.24, No.6, pp.98-103(2010).

피인용 문헌

  1. A Study on the Evacuation Risk of Simultaneous Fires from Exterior vol.26, pp.4, 2012, https://doi.org/10.7731/KIFSE.2012.26.4.048
  2. The Real Scale Fire Tests for Vertical Fire Spread Study of External Finishing Material vol.26, pp.6, 2012, https://doi.org/10.7731/KIFSE.2012.26.6.085
  3. A Study on the Large Experiments (ISO 13785-2) for Vertical Fire Behavior Analysis of Aluminum Composite Panels in General and Flame-retardant Material vol.26, pp.6, 2012, https://doi.org/10.7731/KIFSE.2012.26.6.092
  4. An Empirical Study on the Relay Pumping Method for the High Pressure of Fire Engine Pump vol.27, pp.1, 2013, https://doi.org/10.7731/KIFSE.2013.27.1.052
  5. A Study on the Friction Loss Reduction in Fire Hoses Used at a Fire Scene vol.27, pp.3, 2013, https://doi.org/10.7731/KIFSE.2013.27.3.052