Acknowledgement
Supported by : 지식경제부
References
- Collins, S.M. The immunomodulation of enteric neuromuscular function:implications for motility and inflammatory disorders. Gastroenterology. 111: 1683-1699, 1996. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0016-5085(96)70034-3
- Kunze, W.A., Furness, J.B. The enteric nervous system and regulation of intestinal motility. Annu Rev Physiol. 61: 117-142, 1999. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.physiol.61.1.117
- Brian, S.M., John, S.M., Daniel, T.D., Henry, P.P., Rebecca, M.T., James, P.R. Acute experimental colitis decreases colonic circular smooth muscle contractility in rats. Am J Physiol. 273: G928-G936, 1997. https://doi.org/10.1152/ajpcell.1997.273.3.C928
- Collins, S.M., Irritable bowel syndrome could be an inflammatory disorder. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 6: 478-482, 1994. https://doi.org/10.1097/00042737-199406000-00005
- Neal, K.R., Hebden, J., Spiller, R. Prevalence of gastrointestinal symptoms six months after bacterial gastroenteritis and risk factors for development of the irritable bowel syndrome: postal survey of patients. BMJ. 314: 779-782, 1997. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.314.7083.779
- Spiller, R.C., Jenkins, D., Thornley, J.P. Increased rectal mucosal enteroendocrine cells, T lymphocytes, and increased gut permeability following acute Campylobacter enteritis and in post-dysenteric irritable bowel syndrome. Gut, 47: 804-811, 2000. https://doi.org/10.1136/gut.47.6.804
- Elson, C.O., Sartor, B., Tennyson, G.S., Beagley, K.W. Experimental models of inflammatory bowel disease. Gastroenterology. 109: 1344-1367, 1995. https://doi.org/10.1016/0016-5085(95)90599-5
- Jun, D.W., Park, H.Y., Lee, O.Y., Lee, H.L., Yoon, B.C., Choi, H.S., Hahm, J.S., Lee, M.H., Lee, D.H., Kee, C.S. A population-based study on bowel habits in a Korean community: prevalence of functional constipation and self-reported constipation. Dig Dis Sci. 51: 1471-1477, 2006. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10620-006-9087-3
- Lembo, A., Camilleri, M. Chronic consstipation. New Engl J Med. 349: 1360-1348, 2003. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMra020995
- Siprpudhis, L., Pigot, F., Godberge, P., Damon, H., Soudan, D., Bigard, M.A. Defecation disorders: a french population survey. Dis Colon Rectum. 49: 219-227, 2006. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10350-005-0249-8
- Watanabe, T., Nakaya, N., Kurashima, K., Kuriyama, S., Tsubono, Y., Tsuji, I. Constipation, laxative use and risk of colorectal cancer: the Miyagi cohort study. Eur J Canter. 40: 2109-2115, 2004. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejca.2004.06.014
- Alessi, C.A., Henderson, C.T. Constipation and fecal impaction in the long-term care patient. Clin Gerialtr Med. 4: 571-588, 1988.
- Smith, B. Pathologic changes in the colon produced by anthraquinone laxatives. Dis Colon Rectum. 16: 455-458, 1973. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02588868
- Fredalina, B.D., Ridzwan, B.H., Zainal Abidin, A.A., Kaswandi, M.A., Zation, H., Zali, I., Kittakoop, P., Jais, A.M. Fatty acid compositions in local sea cucumber, Stichopuschloronotus, for wound healing. Gen Pharmacol. 33: 337-340, 1999. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0306-3623(98)00253-5
- Kitagawa, I., Sugawara, T., Yosioka, I. Saponin and sapogenol. XV. Antifungal glycosides from the sea cucumber Stichopus japonicus Selenka. (2) Structures of holotoxin A and holotoxin B. Chem Pharm Bull. 24: 275-284, 1976. https://doi.org/10.1248/cpb.24.275
- Husni, A., Shin, I.S., You, S.G., Chung, D. Antioxidant properties of water and aqueous ethanol extracts and their crude saponin fractions from a far-eastern sea cucumber, Stichopus japonicus. Food Sci Biotechnol. 18: 419-424, 2009.
- Maier, M.S., Roccatagliata, A.J., Kuriss, A., Chludil, H., Seldes, A.M., Pujol, C.A., Damonte, E.B. Two new cytotoxic and virucidal trisulfated triterpene glycosides from the Antartic sea cucumber Staurocucumis liouvillei. J Nat Prod. 64: 732-736, 2001. https://doi.org/10.1021/np000584i
- Tian, F., Zhang, X., Tong, Y., Yi, Y., Zhang, S., Li, L., Sun, P., Lin, L., Ding, J. PE, a new sulfated saponin from sea cucumber, exhibits anti-angiogenic and antitumor activities in vivo and in vitro. Cancer Biol Ther. 4: 874-882 2005. https://doi.org/10.4161/cbt.4.8.1917
- Mourao, P.A.S., Pereira, M.S., Pavao, M.S.G., Mulloy, B., Tollefsen, D.M., Mowinckel, M.C., Abildgaard, U. Structure and anticoagulant activity of a fucosylated chondroitin sulfate from Echinoderm. J Biol Chem. 271: 23973-23984 1996. https://doi.org/10.1074/jbc.271.39.23973
- Tong, Y., Zhang, X., Tian, F., Yi, Y., Xu, Q., Li, L., Tong, L., Lin, L., Ding, J. Phillinopside A, a novel marine-derived compound possessing dual anti-angiogenic and anti-tumor effects. Int J Cancer. 114: 843-853, 2005. https://doi.org/10.1002/ijc.20804
- Kaneko, M., Kisa, F., Yamada, K., Miyamoto, T., Higuchi, R. Structure of a new neuritogenic-active ganglioside from the sea cucumber Stichopus japonicus. Eur J Org Chem. 2003: 1004-1008, 2003. https://doi.org/10.1002/ejoc.200390141
- Aminin, D.L., Pinegin, B.V., Pichugina, L.V., Zaporozhets, T.S., Agafonova, I.G., Boguslavski, V.M., Silchenko, A.S., Avilov, S.A., Stonik, V.A. Immunomodulatory properties of Cumaside. Int Immunopharmacol. 6: 1070-1082, 2006. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.intimp.2006.01.017
- Kariya, Y., Mulloy, B., Imai, K., Tominaga, A., Kaneko, T., Asari, A., Suzuki, K., Masuda, H., Kyogashima, M., Ishii, T. Isolation and partial characterization of fucan sulfates from the body wall of sea cucumber Stichopus japonicus and their ability to inhibit osteoclastogenesis. Carbohyd Res, 339: 1339-1346, 2004. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carres.2004.02.025
- Sartor, R.B., Cromartie, W.J., Powell, D.W., Schwab, J.H. Gramulomatous enterocolitis induced in rats by purified bacterial cell wall fragments. Gastroenterology. 89: 587-595, 1985. https://doi.org/10.1016/0016-5085(85)90455-X
- Gum, J.R.J., Hicks, J.W., Toribara, N.W., Rothe, E.M., Lagace, R.E., Kim, Y.S. The human MUC2 intestinal mucin has cysteine-rich subdomains located both upstream and downstream of its central repetitive region. J Biol Chem. 267: 21375-21383, 1992.
- Tytgat, K.M.A.J., Dekker, J., Bueller, H.A. Mucins in inflammatory bowel disease. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 5: 119-128, 1993. https://doi.org/10.1097/00042737-199303000-00001
- Smith, B., Butler, M. The autonomic control of colonic mucin secretion in the mouse. Br J Exp Pathol. 55: 615-621, 1974.
- Mantle, M., Thakore, E. Rabbit intestinal and colonic mucins: Isolation, partial characterization, and measurement of secretion using an enzyme-linked immunoassay. Biochem Cell Biol. 66: 1045-1054, 1988. https://doi.org/10.1139/o88-121
- Park, D.C., Gu, Y.S., Ji, C.I., Kim, S.B. Enzymatic hydrolysis conditins for preparation of sea cucumber hydrolysates containing chondroitin sulfate. Food Sci Biotechnol. 10(6):686-689, 2001.
- Ryu, H.S., Moon, J.H., Suh, J.S. Chemical compositions of glycoprotein and chondroitin sulfastes from sea cucumber(stichopus japonicus). J Korean Soc Food Nutr. 26: 72-80, 1997.
- Shimotoyodome, A., Meguro, S., Hase, T., Tokimitsu, I., Sakata, T. Sulfated polysaccharides, but not cellulose, increase colonic mucus in rats with loperamide- induced constipation. Dig Dis Sci. 46(7):1482-1489, 2001. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1010644021888
- Shimotoyodome, A., Meguro, S., Hase, T., Tokimitsu, I., Sakata, T. Decreased colonic mucus in rats with loperamide-induced constipation. Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol. 126(2):203-212, 2000. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1095-6433(00)00194-X
- Rehman, N.U., Mehmood, M.H., Alkharfy, K.M., Gilani, A.H. Prokinetic and laxative activities of Lepidium sativum seed extract with species and tissue selective gut stimulatory actions. J Ethnopharmacol. 134(3):878-883, 2011. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2011.01.047
- Lee, H.Y., Kim, J.H., Jeung, H.W., Lee, C.U., Kim, D.S., Li, B., Lee, G.H., Sung, M.S., Ha, K.C., Back, H.I., Kim, S.Y., Park, S.H., Oh, M.R., Kim, M.G., Jeon, J.Y., Im, Y.J., Hwang, M.H., So, B.O., Shin, S.J., Yoo, W.H., Kim, H.R., Chae, H.J., Chae, S.W. Effects of Ficuscarica paste on loperamide-induced constipation in rats. Food Chem Toxicol. 50: 895-902, 2011.
- Oh, H.G., Lee, H.Y., Seo, M.Y., Kang, Y.R., Kim, J.H., Park, J.W., Kim, O.J., Back, H.I., Kim, S.Y., Oh, M.R., Park, S.H., Kim, M.G., Jeon, J.Y,. Hwang, M.H., Shin, S.J., Chae, S.W. Effects of Ficuscarica paste on loperamide-induced constipation in rats. Lab Anim Res. 27: 275-281, 2011. https://doi.org/10.5625/lar.2011.27.4.275
- Yamada, K., Onoda, Y. Comparison of the effects of T-1815, yohimbine and naloxone on mouse colonic propulsion. J Smooth Muscle Res. 29: 4-753, 1993.
- Sohji, Y., Kawashima, K., Shimizu, M. Pharmacological studies of loperamide, an anti-diarrheal agent. Folia Pharmacol Jpn. 74: 155-163, 1978. https://doi.org/10.1254/fpj.74.155
- Cimanga, R.K., Mukenyi, P.N.K., Kambu, O.K., Tona, G.L., Apers, S., Totte, J., Pieters, L., Vlietinck, A.J. The spasmolytic activity of extracts and some isolated compounds from the leaves of Morinda morindoides (Baker) Milne-Redh. (Rubiaceae). J Ethnopharmacol. 127: 215-220, 2010. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2009.11.018