References
- Adams H, Mitchell DE, Graham DI, Doyle D : Diffuse brain damage of immediate impact type. Its relationship to 'primary brain-stem damage' in head injury. Brain 100 : 489-502, 1977 https://doi.org/10.1093/brain/100.3.489
- Adler DE, Milhorat TH : The tentorial notch: anatomical variation, morphometric analysis, and classification in 100 human autopsy cases. J Neurosurg 96 : 1103-1112, 2002 https://doi.org/10.3171/jns.2002.96.6.1103
- Andrews BT, Chiles BW 3rd, Olsen WL, Pitts LH : The effect of intracerebral hematoma location on the risk of brain-stem compression and on clinical outcome. J Neurosurg 69 : 518-522, 1988 https://doi.org/10.3171/jns.1988.69.4.0518
- Bouras T, Stranjalis G, Sakas DE : Traumatic midbrain hematoma in a patient presenting with an isolated palsy of voluntary facial movements. Case report. J Neurosurg 107 : 158-160, 2007 https://doi.org/10.3171/JNS-07/07/0158
- Carpentier A, Galanaud D, Puybasset L, Muller JC, Lescot T, Boch AL, et al. : Early morphologic and spectroscopic magnetic resonance in severe traumatic brain injuries can detect "invisible brain stem damage" and predict "vegetative states". J Neurotrauma 23 : 674-685, 2006 https://doi.org/10.1089/neu.2006.23.674
- Courville CB : Trauma of the Central Nervous System. Baltimore : Williams and Wilkins, 1945, Chap 4
- Crompton MR : Brainstem lesions due to closed head injury. Lancet 1 : 669-673, 1971
- Eder HG, Legat JA, Gruber W : Traumatic brain stem lesions in children. Childs Nerv Syst 16 : 21-24, 2000 https://doi.org/10.1007/s003810050005
- Firsching R, Woischneck D, Klein S, Ludwig K, Dohring W : Brain stem lesions after head injury. Neurol Res 24 : 145-146, 2002 https://doi.org/10.1179/016164102101199684
- Firsching R, Woischneck D, Klein S, Reissberg S, Dohring W, Peters B : Classification of severe head injury based on magnetic resonance imaging. Acta Neurochir (Wien) 143 : 263-271, 2001 https://doi.org/10.1007/s007010170106
- Gentry LR, Godersky JC, Thompson B, Dunn VD : Prospective comparative study of intermediate-field MR and CT in the evaluation of closed head trauma. Am J Roentgenol 150 : 673-682, 1988 https://doi.org/10.2214/ajr.150.3.673
- Gentry LR, Godersky JC, Thompson BH : Traumatic brain stem injury : MR imaging. Radiology 171 : 177-187, 1989 https://doi.org/10.1148/radiology.171.1.2928523
- Hashimoto T, Nakamura N, Richard KE, Frowein RA : Primary brain stem lesions caused by closed head injuries. Neurosurg Rev 16 : 291-298, 1993 https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00383839
- Hirano A, Matsumura S, Maeda Y, Hashimoto Y, Hirai H : [Two cases of isolated ambient cistern hematoma after head injury]. No To Shinkei 47 : 281-284, 1995
- Kara A, Celik SE, Dalbayrak S, Yilmaz M, Akansel G, Tireli G : Magnetic resonance imaging finding in severe head injury patients with normal computerized tomography. Turk Neurosurg 18 : 1-9, 2008
- Katsuno M, Kobayashi S, Yokota H, Teramoto A : [Primary oculomotor nerve palsy due to mild head injury--report of two cases]. Brain Nerve 60 : 89-91, 2008
- Kim YS, Lim HY, Nah JH, Doh JO, Chang KS : Traumatic tentorial hemorrhage. J Korean Neurosurg Soc 15 : 439-444, 1986
- Kinoshita Y, Tsuru E, Yasukouchi H, Yokota A : [A case of hematoma in cisterna magna after mild head injury]. No To Shinkei 52 : 320-323, 2000
- Mitchell DE, Adams JH : Primary focal impact damage to the brainstem in blunt head injuries. Does it exist? Lancet 2 : 215-218, 1973
- Moskała M, Polak J, Moskala A, Kleinrok K, Zawilinski J : Haematoma of the tentorium cerebelli - new pathology or new prognostic factor in neurotraumatology? A preliminary report. Neurol Neurochir Pol 41 : 234-240, 2007
- Okuchi K, Fujioka M, Konobu T, Fujikawa A, Nishimura A, Miyamoto S, et al. : [Traumatic primary brain stem injury and ambient cistern hematoma evaluated with magnetic resonance imaging]. No Shinkei Geka 21 : 799-804, 1993
- Park E, Ai J, Baker AJ : Cerebellar injury : clinical relevance and potential in traumatic brain injury research. Prog brain Res 161 : 327-338, 2007
- Rosenblum WI, Greenberg RP, Seelig JM, Becker DP : Midbrain lesions : frequent and significant prognostic feature in closed head injury. Neurosurgery 9 : 613-620, 1981 https://doi.org/10.1227/00006123-198112000-00001
- Saeki N, Otaki M, Oka N, Takase M : [A case of hematoma localized to midbrain tegmentum following closed head injury (author's transl)]. No Shinkei Geka 9 : 1193-1197, 1981
- Saeki N, Yamaura A, Sunami K : Brain stem contusion due to tentorial coup injury : case report and pathomechanical analysis from normal cadavers. Br J Neurosurg 12 : 151-155, 1998 https://doi.org/10.1080/02688699845302
- Sato M, Kodama N, Yamaguchi K : Post-traumatic brain stem distortion : a case report. Surg Neurol 51 : 613-616, 1999 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0090-3019(98)00091-3
- Se YB, Kim CH, Bak KH, Kim JM : Traumatic brainstem hemorrhage presenting with hemiparesis. J Korean Neurosurg Soc 45 : 176-178, 2009 https://doi.org/10.3340/jkns.2009.45.3.176
- Shibata Y, Matsumura A, Meguro K, Narushima K : Differentiation of mechanism and prognosis of traumatic brain stem lesions detected by magnetic resonance imaging in the acute stage. Clin Neurol Neurosurg 102 : 124-128, 2000 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0303-8467(00)00095-0
- Shukla D, Mahadevan A, Sastry KV, Shankar SK : Pathology of post traumatic brainstem and hypothalamic injuries. Clin Neuropathol 26 : 197-209, 2007 https://doi.org/10.5414/NPP26197
- Soldner F, Holper BM, Chone L, Wallenfang T : Evoked potentials in acute head injured patients with MRI-detected intracerebral lesions. Acta Neurochir (Wien) 143 : 873-883, 2001 https://doi.org/10.1007/s007010170017
- Stewart WA, Litten SP, Sheehe PR : A prognostic model for brain stem injury. Surg Neurol 1 : 303-310, 1973
- Tandon PN : Brain stem hemorrhage in cranio-cerebral trauma. Acta Neurol Scand 40 : 373-385, 1964
- Tsai FY, Teal JS, Quinn MF, Itabashi HH, Huprich JE, Ahmadi J, et al. : CT of brainstem injury. AJR Am J Roentgenol 134 : 717-723, 1980 https://doi.org/10.2214/ajr.134.4.717
- Wedekind C, Hesselmann V, Lippert-Gruner M, Ebel M : Trauma to the pontomesencephalic brainstem-a major clue to the prognosis of severe traumatic brain injury. Br J Neurosurg 16 : 256-260, 2002 https://doi.org/10.1080/02688690220148842
- Woischneck D, Klein S, Reissberg S, Peters B, Avenarius S, Günther G, et al. : Prognosis of brain stem lesion in children with head injury. Childs Nerv Syst 19 : 174-178, 2003
- Wong CW : The MRI and CT evidence of primary brain stem injury. Surg Neurol 39 : 37-40, 1993 https://doi.org/10.1016/0090-3019(93)90107-C
- Wright RL : Traumatic hematomas of the posterior cranial fossa. J Neurosurg 25 : 402-409, 1966 https://doi.org/10.3171/jns.1966.25.4.0402
Cited by
- The Usefulness of Brain Magnetic Resonance Imaging with Mild Head Injury and the Negative Findings of Brain Computed Tomography vol.54, pp.2, 2013, https://doi.org/10.3340/jkns.2013.54.2.100
- Antero posterior elongation of midbrain in traumatic brain injury- significant sign yet a mistaken entity vol.32, pp.2, 2012, https://doi.org/10.1080/02688697.2018.1432748
- Modulated Neuroprotection in Unresponsive Wakefulness Syndrome after Severe Traumatic Brain Injury vol.11, pp.8, 2012, https://doi.org/10.3390/brainsci11081044