References
- Mandell LA, Wunderink RG, Anzueto A, Bartlett JG, Campbell GD, Dean NC, et al. Infectious Diseases Society of America/American Thoracic Society consensus guidelines on the management of community- acquired pneumonia in adults. Clin Infect Dis 2007;44 Suppl 2:S27-72.
- Korea National Statistical Office. Annual report on the cause of death statistics 2007: nationalwide. Daejeon: Korea National Statistical Office; 2007.
- Bello S, Lasierra AB, Minchole E, Fandos S, Ruiz MA, Vera E, et al. Prognostic power of proadrenomedullin in community-acquired pneumonia is independent of aetiology. Eur Respir J 2012;39:1144-55.
- Fine MJ, Auble TE, Yealy DM, Hanusa BH, Weissfeld LA, Singer DE, et al. A prediction rule to identify low-risk patients with community-acquired pneumonia. N Engl J Med 1997;336:243-50.
- Lim WS, van der Eerden MM, Laing R, Boersma WG, Karalus N, Town GI, et al. Defining community acquired pneumonia severity on presentation to hospital: an international derivation and validation study. Thorax 2003;58:377-82.
- Gilbert DN. Procalcitonin as a biomarker in respiratory tract infection. Clin Infect Dis 2011;52 Suppl 4:S346-50.
- Huang DT, Angus DC, Kellum JA, Pugh NA, Weissfeld LA, Struck J, et al. Midregional proadrenomedullin as a prognostic tool in community-acquired pneumonia. Chest 2009;136:823-31.
- Smith KJ, Wateska AR, Nowalk MP, Raymund M, Nuorti JP, Zimmerman RK. Cost-effectiveness of adult vaccination strategies using pneumococcal conjugate vaccine compared with pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine. JAMA 2012;307:804-12.
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC); Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices. Updated recommendations for prevention of invasive pneumococcal disease among adults using the 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine (PPSV23). MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 2010;59:1102-6.
- US Food and Drug Administration. Approved products: Prevnar 13 [Internet]. Silver Spring: US Food and Drug Administration; [cited 2012 Feb 1]. Available from: http://www.fda.gov/BiologicsBloodVaccines/Vaccines/ ApprovedProducts/ucm201667htm.
- Meijvis SC, Hardeman H, Remmelts HH, Heijligenberg R, Rijkers GT, van Velzen-Blad H, et al. Dexamethasone and length of hospital stay in patients with community- acquired pneumonia: a randomised, doubleblind, placebo-controlled trial. Lancet 2011;377:2023-30.
- Garnacho-Montero J, Garcia-Cabrera E, Diaz-Martin A, Lepe-Jimenez JA, Iraurgi-Arcarazo P, Jimenez-Alvarez R, et al. Determinants of outcome in patients with bacteraemic pneumococcal pneumonia: importance of early adequate treatment. Scand J Infect Dis 2010;42:185-92.
- Dellinger RP, Levy MM, Carlet JM, Bion J, Parker MM, Jaeschke R, et al. Surviving Sepsis Campaign: international guidelines for management of severe sepsis and septic shock: 2008. Crit Care Med 2008;36:296-327.
- American Thoracic Society; Infectious Diseases Society of America. Guidelines for the management of adults with hospital-acquired, ventilator-associated, and healthcare-associated pneumonia. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2005;171:388-416.
- Ewig S, Klapdor B, Pletz MW, Rohde G, Schütte H, Schaberg T, et al. Nursing-home-acquired pneumonia in Germany: an 8-year prospective multicentre study. Thorax 2012;67:132-8.
- Yu VL. Guidelines for hospital-acquired pneumonia and health-care-associated pneumonia: a vulnerability, a pitfall, and a fatal flaw. Lancet Infect Dis 2011;11: 248-52.
- Chalmers JD, Taylor JK, Singanayagam A, Fleming GB, Akram AR, Mandal P, et al. Epidemiology, antibiotic therapy, and clinical outcomes in health care-associated pneumonia: a UK cohort study. Clin Infect Dis 2011;53:107-13.
- Lambert ML, Suetens C, Savey A, Palomar M, Hiesmayr M, Morales I, et al. Clinical outcomes of health-care-associated infections and antimicrobial resistance in patients admitted to European intensive-care units: a cohort study. Lancet Infect Dis 2011;11:30-8.
- Chung DR, Song JH, Kim SH, Thamlikitkul V, Huang SG, Wang H, et al. High prevalence of multidrug-resistant nonfermenters in hospital-acquired pneumonia in Asia. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2011;184:1409-17.
- Jones RN. Microbial etiologies of hospital-acquired bacterial pneumonia and ventilator-associated bacterial pneumonia. Clin Infect Dis 2010;51(Suppl 1):S81-7.
- Dallas J, Skrupky L, Abebe N, Boyle WA 3rd, Kollef MH. Ventilator-associated tracheobronchitis in a mixed surgical and medical ICU population. Chest 2011;139:513-8.
- Craven DE, Chroneou A, Zias N, Hjalmarson KI. Ventilator-associated tracheobronchitis: the impact of targeted antibiotic therapy on patient outcomes. Chest 2009;135:521-8.
Cited by
- Genetic Susceptibility to Nosocomial Pneumonia, Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome and Poor Outcome in Patients at Risk of Critical Illness vol.37, pp.2, 2014, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10753-013-9740-x
- Direct identification of major Gram-negative pathogens in respiratory specimens by respiFISH® HAP Gram (−) Panel, a beacon-based FISH methodology vol.34, pp.10, 2015, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10096-015-2458-y