Earthquakes and Structures

Techno-Press (테크노프레스)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Seismic evaluation and upgrading of RC buildings with weak open ground stories

  • Antonopoulos, T.A. (Department of Civil Engineering, University of Patras) ;
  • Anagnostopoulos, S.A. (Department of Civil Engineering, University of Patras)
  • Received : 2011.12.13
  • Accepted : 2012.04.10
  • Published : 2012.06.25
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

The inelastic earthquake response of existing, reinforced concrete buildings with an open ground story, designed according to the old Greek codes, is investigated before and after their seismic strengthening with steel braces restricted to the open ground stories. The seismic performance evaluation is based on Part 3 of Eurocode 8 for assessment and retrofitting of buildings. Three and five-story, symmetric and non-symmetric buildings are subjected to a set of seven pairs of synthetic accelerograms, compatible with the design spectrum, and conclusions are drawn regarding the effectiveness of the strengthening solutions. Seismic behavior of the selected models confirms results of previous work regarding the insufficient capacity of the open ground stories for design level earthquakes. It is also shown that strengthening only the weak ground story, a choice having the substantial advantage of low cost and continued usage of the building during its seismic retrofitting, can remove the inherent weakness without shifting the problem to the stories above and thus making such buildings at least as strong as those without a weak first story. This partial strengthening is possible for symmetric as well as eccentric buildings, in which torsion plays a further detrimental role.

Keywords

References

  1. Antonopoulos, T.A. and Anagnostopoulos, S.A. (2010), "Optimum partial strengthening for improved seismic performance of old reinforced concrete buildings with open ground story", Advances in performance-based earthquake engineering, Geotech. Geology Earthq. Eng., 13(3), 395-404. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-90-481-8746-1_37
  2. Antonopoulos, T.A., Anagnostopoulos, S.A. and Tsirlis, F.N. (2008), "Evaluation of the seismic performance of old reinforced concrete buildings with an open ground storey, simple retrofitting solutions", Proceedings of the 3rd Greek Conference on Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Seismology (in Greek), Athens.
  3. ASCE (2007), "ASCE/SEI Standard 41-06, Seismic rehabilitation of existing buildings" (including Supplement 1), American Society of Civil Engineers, Reston, VA.
  4. Badoux, M. and Jirsa, J. (1990), "Steel bracing of RC frames for seismic retrofitting", J. Struct. Eng.-ASCE, 116(1), 55-74. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9445(1990)116:1(55)
  5. Biskinis, D.E., Roupakias, G.K. and Fardis, M.N. (2004), "Degradation of shear strength of reinforced concrete members with inelastic cyclic displacements", ACI Struct. J., 101(6), 773-783.
  6. Bush, T.D., Jones, E.A. and Jirsa, J.O. (1991), "Behavior of RC frames strengthened using structural steel bracing", J. Struct. Eng.-ASCE, 117(4), 1115-1125. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9445(1991)117:4(1115)
  7. Carr, A.J. (2005), "Ruaumoko manual: Theory and user - Guide to associated programs", 1, University of Canterbury, New Zealand.
  8. CEN (2004), European Standard EN 1998-1:2004 "Eurocode 8: Design of structures for earthquake resistance, Part 1: General rules, seismic actions and rules for buildings", Comite Europeen de Normalisation, Brussels.
  9. CEN (2005a), European Standard EN 1993-1:2005 "Eurocode 3: Design of steel structures, Part 1: General rules and rules for buildings", Comite Europeen de Normalisation, Brussels.
  10. CEN (2005b), European Standard EN 1998-3:2005 "Eurocode 8: Design of structures for earthquake resistance, Part 3: Assessment and retrofitting of buildings", Comite Europeen de Normalisation, Brussels.
  11. Crisafulli, F and Carr, A. (2007), "Proposed macro-model for the analysis of infilled frame structures", Bull. New Zeal. Soc. Earthq. Eng., 40(2), 69-77. https://doi.org/10.5459/bnzsee.40.2.69-77
  12. Dritsos, S.E. (2005), "Seismic retrofit of buildings - A Greek perspective", Bull. New Zeal. Soc. Earthq. Eng., 38(3), 165-181. https://doi.org/10.5459/bnzsee.38.3.165-181
  13. EAK (2003), "Greek seismic design code - 2000", Greek Organization for Seismic Planning and Protection (OASP), Greek Ministry for Environmental Planning and Public Works, Athens, Greece. (In Greek), www.oasp.gr
  14. Ferraiolli, M., Avossa, A.M. and Malangone, P. (2006), "Performance-based assessment of R.C. buildings strengthened with steel braces", Proceedings of the 2nd International Congress of the FIB, Naples, Italy.
  15. Fujita, K., Moustafa, A. and Takewaki, I. (2010), "Optimal placement of viscoelastic dampers and supporting members under variable critical excitations", Earthq. Struct., 1(1), 43-67. https://doi.org/10.12989/eas.2010.1.1.043
  16. Ghobarah, A. and Elfath, H. (2001), "Rehabilitation of a reinforced concrete frame using eccentric steel bracing", Eng. Struct., 23(7), 745-755. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0141-0296(00)00100-0
  17. Gilmore, A., Bertero, V.V. and Youssef, N. (1996), "Seismic rehabilitation of infilled non-ductile frame buildings using post-tensioned steel braces", Earthq. Spectra, 12(4), 863-882. https://doi.org/10.1193/1.1585914
  18. Halldorsson, B., G., Dong and A.S., Papageorgiou (2002), "Earthquake motion input and its dissemination via the internet", Earthq. Eng. Eng. Vib., 1(1), 20-26. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11803-002-0003-3
  19. Hemant, K.B., Durgesh, R.C. and Sudhir, J.K. (2009), "Effectiveness of some strengthening options for masonryinfilled RC frames with open first story", J. Struct. Eng.-ASCE, 135(8), 925-937. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9445(2009)135:8(925)
  20. Jain, A.K (1985), "Seismic response of RC frames with steel braces", J. Struct. Eng.-ASCE, 111(10), 2138-2148. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9445(1985)111:10(2138)
  21. Karantoni, F.V. (1999), "A sampling research study of the fulfillment by Greek clay bricks of the EC6 specifications", Tech. Chron. Sci. J. TCG, I, 2, 45-56.
  22. Lavan, O. and Levy, R. (2010), "Performance based optimal seismic retrofitting of yielding plane frames using added viscous damping", Earthq. Struct., 1(3), 307-326. https://doi.org/10.12989/eas.2010.1.3.307
  23. Maheri, M.R. and Sahebi, A. (1997), "Use of steel braces in reinforced concrete frames", Eng. Struct., 19(12), 1018-1024. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0141-0296(97)00041-2
  24. Perera, R., Gomez, S. and Alarcón, E. (2004), "Experimental and analytical study of masonry infill reinforced concrete frames retrofitted with steel braces", J. Struct. Eng.-ASCE, 130(12), 2032-2039. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9445(2004)130:12(2032)
  25. Pincheira, J.A. and Jirsa, J.O. (1992), "Post-tensioned bracing for seismic retrofit of RC frames", Proceedings of the Tenth World Conference on Earthquake Engineering, Balkema, Rotterdam.
  26. Pincheira, J.A. and Jirsa, J.O. (1995), "Seismic response of RC frames retrofitted with steel braces or walls", J. Struct. Eng.-ASCE, 121(8), 1225-1235. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9445(1995)121:8(1225)
  27. Repapis, C., Zeris, C. and Vintzileou, E. (2006), "Evaluation of the seismic performance of existing RC buildings: II. A case study for regular and irregular buildings", J. Earthq. Eng., 10(3), 429-452. https://doi.org/10.1080/13632460609350604
  28. Stathopoulos, K.G. and Anagnostopoulos, S.A. (2005), "Inelastic torsion of multistory buildings under earthquake excitations", Earthq. Eng. Struct. D., 34(12), 1449-1465. https://doi.org/10.1002/eqe.486
  29. Thermou, G.E. and Elnashai, S.A. (2006), "Seismic retrofit schemes for RC structures and local-global consequences", Prog. Struct. Eng. Eng. Mater., 8(1), 1-15. https://doi.org/10.1002/pse.208
  30. Sugano, S. (1996), "State-of-the-art in techniques for rehabilitation of buildings", Proceedings of the Eleventh World Conference on Earthquake Engineering, Acapulco, Mexico.
  31. Sugano, S. and Fujimura, M. (1980), "Aseismic strengthening of existing reinforced concrete buildings", Proceedings of the Seventh World Conference on Earthquake Engineering, Istanbul, Turkey.
  32. Tagawa, Y., Aoki, H., Huang, T. and Masuda, H. (1992), "Experimental study of new seismic strengthening method for existing RC structure", Proceedings of the Tenth World Conference on Earthquake Engineering, Balkema, Rotterdam.
  33. Yamamoto, U. and Umemura, H. (1992), "Analyses of reinforced concrete frames retrofitted with steel brace", Proceedings of the Tenth World Conference on Earthquake Engineering, Balkema, Rotterdam.

Cited by

  1. Seismic response of buildings during the May 19, 2011 Simav, Turkey earthquake vol.5, pp.3, 2013, https://doi.org/10.12989/eas.2013.5.3.343
  2. Numerical simulation of the experimental results of a RC frame retrofitted with RC Infill walls vol.9, pp.4, 2015, https://doi.org/10.12989/eas.2015.9.4.735
  3. Seismic evaluation and retrofitting of reinforced concrete buildings with base isolation systems vol.10, pp.2, 2016, https://doi.org/10.12989/eas.2016.10.2.293
  4. The effect of flexibility in ground storey of concrete walls and infilled frames on their seismic response vol.45, pp.4, 2014, https://doi.org/10.1002/mawe.201400224
  5. The influence of infilled panels in retrofitting interventions of existing reinforced concrete buildings: a case study vol.11, pp.2, 2015, https://doi.org/10.1080/15732479.2013.862726
  6. Limit states of RC structures with first floor irregularities vol.47, pp.6, 2013, https://doi.org/10.12989/sem.2013.47.6.791
  7. Seismic Performance Evaluation of Existing RC Buildings Without Seismic Details. Comparison of Nonlinear Static Methods and IDA vol.10, pp.None, 2016, https://doi.org/10.2174/1874836801610010158
  8. Sociotechnical Evaluation of the Soft Story Problem in Reinforced Concrete Frame Buildings in Nepal vol.35, pp.4, 2021, https://doi.org/10.1061/(asce)cf.1943-5509.0001582