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Allergenicity Change of Soybean Proteins by Thermal Treatment Methods

열처리 방법에 따른 품종별 콩 단백질의 항원성 변화

  • Seol, Hui-Gyeong (Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 program), Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, Gyeongsang National University) ;
  • Ko, Yu-Jin (Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 program), Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, Gyeongsang National University) ;
  • Kim, Eun-Jung (Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 program), Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, Gyeongsang National University) ;
  • Lee, Gyeong-Lan (Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 program), Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, Gyeongsang National University) ;
  • Kim, Do-Gyeong (Yang-Ji Food Co., Ltd.) ;
  • Lee, Jeong-Ok (Environmental Health Center for Atopic Diseases, Samsung Medical Center Department of Pediatrics) ;
  • Ahn, Kang-Mo (Environmental Health Center for Atopic Diseases, Samsung Medical Center Department of Pediatrics) ;
  • Ryu, Chung-Ho (Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 program), Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, Gyeongsang National University)
  • 설희경 (경상대학교 응용생명과학부(BK 21 프로그램).농업생명과학연구원) ;
  • 고유진 (경상대학교 응용생명과학부(BK 21 프로그램).농업생명과학연구원) ;
  • 김은정 (경상대학교 응용생명과학부(BK 21 프로그램).농업생명과학연구원) ;
  • 이경란 (경상대학교 응용생명과학부(BK 21 프로그램).농업생명과학연구원) ;
  • 김도경 (양지푸드) ;
  • 이정옥 (삼성서울병원 아토피환경보건센터) ;
  • 안강모 (삼성서울병원 아토피환경보건센터) ;
  • 류충호 (경상대학교 응용생명과학부(BK 21 프로그램).농업생명과학연구원)
  • Received : 2012.01.27
  • Accepted : 2012.03.20
  • Published : 2012.04.30

Abstract

Soybean is one of the most common food materials causing food hypersensitivity reactions in Korea. In this study, we have investigated the effect of roasting and fermentation on the allergenicity of soybean. Three kinds of soybean ($Daepung$, $Daewon$, and $Taegwang$) were prepared as raw, roasted, and fermented by $Bacillus$ $subtilis$ GSK 3580, and then their proteins were extracted. The proteins were separated using SDS-PAGE, and the detection of IgE specific to soybean proteins was performed by immunoblotting using 7 sera of soybean allergy patients and non-allergic control individuals. Serum specific IgE to soybean was measured by ELISA. The SDS-PAGE of raw soybean proteins showed various-sized bands ranging from 9 to 76 kDa, which are known as major allergens. In particular, 9, 21, 34, 52, 72, and 76 kDa proteins are known as LTP, Kunits trypsin inhibitor, $Gly$ m Bd 30K, ${\beta}$-subunit, ${\alpha}$-subunit, and ${\alpha}$'-subunit of ${\beta}$-conglycinin, respectively; these are major allergens in soybean. In contrast, only peptides of less than 35 kDa were found in roasted and fermented soybeans. IgE immunoblot analysis of three roasted species of soybeans commonly detected at 38-40 kDa and 10-15 kDa. The protein bands in fermented soybean showed very weak signals or were not detected. In addition, the reactivity of most patients' sera to soybean was decreased after roasting and fermentation. With these results, it may be concluded that the allergenicity of soybeans is reduced by the roasting and fermentation processes. It is supposed that allergenic proteins in soybean were degraded by heat treatment methods and proteolytic enzymes were secreted from fermenting microorganisms.

콩은 우리나라에서 과민성 알레르기를 일으키는 대표적인 식품 중의 하나로, 식품으로 섭취 시에 가열 및 발효가공을 통한 형태로 섭취한다. 이에 본 연구에서는 콩에 알레르기 반응을 일으키는 7명의 환아 혈청과 1명의 정상인 혈청을 이용하여 열처리 방법에 따른 품종별 콩(대풍, 대원, 태광)의 알레르기성에 미치는 영향을 조사하였다. 단백질을 추출하여 SDS-PAGE, immunoblotting 및 ELISA 방법을 통하여 반응성을 조사한 결과, SDS-PAGE 상에서 열처리하지 않은 세가지 품종의 경우 9-76 kDa 위치에서 다양한 단백질 밴드를 보였는데 특히 9, 21, 34, 52, 72 그리고 76 kDa의 단백질들은 각각 LTP, Kunits trypsin inhibitor, $Gly$ m Bd 30K, ${\beta}$-conglycinin의 ${\beta}$-subunit, ${\alpha}$-subunit와 ${\alpha}$'-subunit로 주요한 콩 알레르겐으로 알려져 있다. 반면에 볶은 콩, 발효한 콩에서는 35 kDa 이하로 완전히 분해되어 열처리 방법을 통해 단백의 항원성이 줄어드는 것을 확인할 수 있었다. IgE immunoblotting 을 통한 세 가지 품종의 볶은 콩과 콩 알레르기 환아 혈청과의 반응에서는 공통적으로 38-40 kDa과 10-15 kDa에서 단백질 밴드를 보였으나 발효한 콩에서는 대부분 반응성이 약하거나 나타나지 않았다. ELISA 결과, immunoblotting 분석과 동일하게 대부분의 환아 혈청과 반응시에 볶은 콩과 발효한 콩에서 비교적 낮은 수치를 보였다. 결론적으로 콩에 존재하는 알레르겐 단백질은 열처리와 발효 미생물이 분비하는 단백질 분해효소에 의해 대부분의 환아에서 콩 단백질과의 반응성이 약화되는 것으로 사료된다.

Keywords

References

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