암석학회지 (The Journal of the Petrological Society of Korea)

한국암석학회 (The Petrological Society of Korea)
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제주도에 분포하는 제4기 단성화산체의 형태적 분류 및 분포 특성 연구

Study on the Distributional Characteristics and Classification of Quaternary Monogenetic Volcanoes in Jeju Island, Korea

  • 이정현 (기상청 국립기상연구소) ;
  • 윤성효 (부산대학교 사범대학 지구과학교육과)
  • Lee, Jeong-Hyun (National Institute of Meteorological Research, Korea Meteorological Adminstration) ;
  • Yun, Sung-Hyo (Department of Earth Science Education, Pusan National University)
  • 투고 : 2012.04.25
  • 심사 : 2012.12.03
  • 발행 : 2012.12.31
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초록

우리나라에서 가장 큰 화산섬인 제주도에는 약 360여 개의 단성화산체가 분포되어 있다고 알려져 있으나, 본 연구를 통해 기존에 일려진 것보다 100여 개가 더 많은 총 455개의 단성화산체가 분포하고 있음을 확인하였다. 총 455개의 단성화산체를 형태학적으로 분석해 본 결과, 분석구가 373개로 전체의 82.0%를 차지하여 가장 높은 비율로 나타나며, 분석구 외에도 정상부가 뾰족한 형태이면서 용암으로 구성된 것이 9개(2.0%), 순상화산체가 27개(5.9%), 응회환이 17개(3.7%), 응회구가 3개(0.7%), 마르가 1개(0.2%), 용암돔이 25개(5.5%)가 분포하고 있다. 또한 이들 중 알오름의 형태로 나타나는 것이 15개가 있다. 단성화산체의 지역별 분포를 살펴보면 전체적으로 제주도의 서쪽에 비해 동쪽에 더 우세하게 분포하고 있음을 알 수 있다. 또한 강수량과 같은 풍화 요인에 의해 분석구의 형태가 영향을 받는다면, 강수량이 월등히 더 많은 남부 지역에 한 방향으로 터진 말발굽형 화구를 가진 분석구나 초승달형 분석구, 불규칙한 형태의 분석구 등이 더 많이 분포해야 할 것이다. 그러나 실제 제주도에서는 오히려 강수량이 더 적은 북부 지역에 이러한 분석구들이 더 많이 분포하는 것으로 나타나, 제주도의 남북 간의 기후적인 요소의 차이가 분석구의 형태나 분포에 크게 영향을 끼친 것은 아니라고 생각된다. 단성화산체 중 응회환, 응회구와 마르는 주로 제주화산섬의 지하 또는 해안가의 저지대에 위치하며, 분석구는 대부분이 해안에서 떨어진 섬의 내륙부에 위치한다. 이는 제주도 단성화산체를 형성한 화산활동이 물(지하수 또는 얕은 바닷물)과의 접촉 유무에 따라 수성화산활동(수증기마그마분화)을 하거나, 마그마성화산활동(스트롬볼리안분화 혹은 하와이안분화)을 한 것임을 알 수 있다. 또한 이들 단성화산체의 고도별 분포를 살펴보면 고도 300 m 이하의 해안저지대에 253개(55.6%), 고도 300~600 m의 중산간지대에 110개(24.2%), 600 m 이상의 산악지대에 92개(20.2%)가 분포하고 있어 과반수 이상이 해안저지대에 분포하고 있음을 알 수 있다. 제주화산섬에 분포하는 단성화산체들은 응력장 안에서 생긴 단층이나 틈을 따라서 틈새 분출을 통해 선상으로 배열되어 나타나는 것과 이러한 틈새와는 무관하게 독립된 단일 화구를 통한 중심 분출을 통해 생성된 것이 함께 나타남을 알 수 있다.

Jeju island is the biggest volcanic island in Korea and there are over 455 Quaternary monogenetic volcanoes, of which approximately 373 volcanoes(82.0%) are cinder cones. Other volcanic forms in the island include sharp-pointed lava cone without crater(9 volcanoes; 2.0%), shield volcanoes(27 volcanoes; 5.9%), tuff rings(17 volcanoes; 3.7%), tuff cones(3 volcanoes; 0.7%), a maar(1 volcano; 0.2%) and lava domes(25 volcanoes; 5.5%). The monogenetic volcanoes include 15 small nested cinder cones(aloreum). The monogenetic volcanoes are more abundant in the eastern part of the island than in the western part. If the main cause of the weathering such as precipitation affected the shape of the monogenetic volcanoes, more monogenetic volcanoes(BC, CC, DC, etc.) are supposed to be present in the southern part that have more precipitation than in the northern part. But the distribution of the monogenetic volcanoes shows no difference between the southern and the northern parts. So we suggest that the difference of the climatic conditions did not affect the distribution or the shape of cinder cones. Tuff rings, tuff cones and a maar are distributed beneath the island or in the low-altitude areas along the shore although cinder cones are distributed in the interior of the island. This means that the volcanic activity which formed the monogenetic volcanoes resulted from either phreatomagmatic eruption or magmatic (hawaiian or strombolian) eruptions depending on the reaction with water (underground water or shallow waters). The distribution of the monogenetic volcanoes according to the altitude shows that 253(55.6%) volcanoes occur in low-lying coastal areas at an altitude below 300 m, 110(24.2%) in a middle mountainous area at an altitude between 300~600 m and 92(20.2%) in a high mountainous area at an altitude above 600 m. So more than half of monogenetic volcanoes are distributed in low-lying coastal areas.

키워드

과제정보

연구 과제번호 : 관측.지진기술 지원 및 활용 연구

연구 과제 주관 기관 : 국립기상연구소

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피인용 문헌

  1. A Preliminary Study on Calculating Eruptive Volumes of Monogenetic Volcanoes and Volcanic Hazard Evaluation in Jeju Island vol.25, pp.2, 2016, https://doi.org/10.7854/JPSK.2016.25.2.143
  2. A Study on Estimation of Submarine Groundwater Discharge Distribution Area using Landsat-7 ETM+ images around Jeju island vol.9, pp.7, 2014, https://doi.org/10.13067/JKIECS.2014.9.7.811