Journal of Dental Rehabilitation and Applied Science (구강회복응용과학지)

Korean Academy of Stomatognathic Function and Occlusion (대한턱관절교합학회)
권호 표지

Osseointegration of Ceramics & Zirconia : A Review of Literature

세라믹과 지르코니아의 골유착에 관한 고찰

  • Song, Young-Gyun (Department of Prosthodontics, College of Dentistry, Dankook University)
  • 송영균 (단국대학교 치과대학 치과보철학 교실)
  • Received : 2012.05.15
  • Accepted : 2012.09.25
  • Published : 2012.09.30
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

For many years, ceramics have been used in fixed prosthodontics for achieving optimal esthetics. but, they have another use as well. Many studies today show ceramics can be used for biomaterials. In the beginning researchers made a start in the study of aluminium oxide and sapphire for biomaterial. The appearance of Zirconia began a new phase of research. Zirconia was introduced into implantology as an alternative to titanium, because of its white color, good mechanical properties and superior biocompatibility. But it is not easy to surface treatment in comparison with titanium. To overcome the limitation, interconnected porous bodies of zirconia were fabricated by sintering technique. And the technique of coating was developed. Therefore, some zirconia implants are currently available. It is thought that Research of biomaterials as a variety of puposes for the use of zirconia is looking very promising. The purpose of this paper reviews are to evaluation of zirconia as biomaterials.

세라믹은 오랜 기간 동안 치과용 수복재로 사용되어 왔다. 세라믹이 치과학에 도입되면서, 치과용 수복물은 심미성 면에서 눈부신 발전을 하게 되었다. 그러나 최근 세라믹은 수복재료뿐만 아니라 생체재료로서 주목을 받고 있다. 알루미늄 옥사이드와 사파이어등으로 시작된 연구는 지르코니아가 등장함에 따라 새로운 국면을 맞게 되었다. 특히 지르코니아는 색상이나, 기계적 성질, 생체친화성 등 여러 가지 장점 때문에 전통적으로 임플란트 고정체의 주재료이었던 티타늄의 대체 물질로 연구가 진행되고 있다. 지르코니아의 골반응은 매우 우수하지만, 표면 처리가 매우 어렵기 때문에 표면 처리된 티타늄보다는 뛰어나지 못하다는 내용들이 보고되고 있다. 이러한 한계점을 벗어나기 위해, 표면에 화학처리를 하거나 처음부터 다공성 형태를 갖도록 성형하는 방법과 다른 물질로 코팅처리하는 방법들이 소개되었고, 그 결과 수종의 지르코니아 임플란트가 현재 상용화된 상태이다. 앞으로 골이식재 구성성분으로서의 연구 등 다양한 목적의 생체재료로서 지르코니아의 활용에 대한 연구가 이루어질 것으로 사료된다. 이 논문에서는 생체재료로서의 지르코니아에 대한 연구와 앞으로의 발전가능성 등에 관한 문헌을 고찰할 것이다.

Keywords

References

  1. Adell R, Eriksson B, Lekholm U, et al. Long-term follow-up study of osseointegrated implants in the treatment of totally edentulous jaws. Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants 1990;5:347-359.
  2. Xie C, Lu H, Li W, et al. The use of calcium phosphate-based biomaterials in implant dentistry. J Mater Sci Mater Med 2012;23:853-862.
  3. Alghamdi HS, Junker R, Bronkhorst EM, et al. Bone Regeneration Related to Calcium Phosphate-Coated Implants in Osteoporotic Animal Models: A Meta-Analysis. Tissue Eng 2012.
  4. Goodacre CJ, Campagni WV, Aquilino SA. Tooth preparations for complete crowns: An art form based on scientific principles. J Prosthet Dent 2001;85: 363-376.
  5. Brecker sC. Porcelain baked to gold; a new medium in prosthodontics. J Prosthet Dent 1956;6:801-810.
  6. Denissen HW, van der Zel JM, van Waas MA. Measurement of the margins of partial-coverage tooth preparations for CAD/CAM. Int J Prosthodont 1999;12:395-400.
  7. Rizkalla AS, Jones DW. Mechanical properties of commercial high strength ceramic core materials. Dent Mater 2004.
  8. Albrektsson T, Zarb G, Worthington P, et al. The long-term efficacy of currently used dental implants: a review and proposed criteria of success. Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants 1986;1:11-25.
  9. Andreiotelli M, Wenz HJ, Kohal RJ. Are ceramic implants a viable alternative to titanium implants? A systematic literature review. Clin Oral Implants Res 2009;20 Suppl 4:32-47.
  10. McKinney Jr. RV, Steflik DE, Koth DL. The biologic response to the single-crystal sapphire endosteal dental implant: Scanning electron microscopic observations. J Prosthet Dent 1984;51:372-379.
  11. Aniket, Young A, Marriott I, et al. Promotion of pro-osteogenic responses by a bioactive ceramic coating. J Biomed Mater Res A 2012.
  12. Thomas KA, Kay JF, Cook SD, et al. The effect of surface macrotexture and hydroxylapatite coating on the mechanical strengths and histologic profiles of titanium implant materials. J Biomed Mater Res A 1987;21:1395-1414.
  13. Vagkopoulou T, Koutayas SO, Koidis P, et al. Zirconia in dentistry: Part 1. Discovering the nature of an upcoming bioceramic. Eur J Esthet Dent 2009.
  14. Seghi RR, Sorensen JA. Relative flexural strength of six new ceramic materials. Int J Prosthodont 1995.
  15. Shin SY. Procera System : a Review of Literature. J Korean Acad Stomatog Func Occ 2006;27:309-315.
  16. Piconi C, Maccauro G. Zirconia as a ceramic biomaterial. Biomaterials 1999.
  17. Piconi C, Burger W, Richter HG, et al. Y-TZP ceramics for artificial joint replacements. Biomaterials 1998;19:1489-1494.
  18. Venugopalan R, Lucas LC. Evaluation of restorative and implant alloys galvanically coupled to titanium. Dent Mater 1998;14:165-172.
  19. Tschernitschek H, Borchers L, Geurtsen W. Nonalloyed titanium as a bioinert metal-A review. J Prosthet Dent 2006;96:12.
  20. Valentine-Thon E, Schiwara H-W. Validity of MELISA for metal sensitivity testing. Neuro Endocrinol Lett 2003;24:57-64.
  21. Sicilia A, Cuesta S, Coma G, et al. Titanium allergy in dental implant patients: a clinical study on 1500 consecutive patients. Clin Oral Impants Res 2008;19: 823-835.
  22. Weingart D, Steinemann S, Schilli W, et al. Titanium deposition in regional lymph nodes after insertion of titanium screw implants in maxillofacial region. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg 1994;23:450-452.
  23. Steinemann SG. Titanium ? the material of choice? Periodontol 2000 1998;17:7-21.
  24. Franchi M, Bacchelli B, Martini D, et al. Early detachment of titanium particles from various different surfaces of endosseous dental implants. Biomaterials 2004;25:2239-2246.
  25. Sollazzo V, Pezzetti F, Scarano A, et al. Zirconium oxide coating improves implant osseointegration in vivo. Dent Mater 2008;24:357-361.
  26. Akagawa Y, Hosokawa R, Sato Y, et al. Comparison between freestanding and tooth-connected partially stabilized zirconia implants after two years' function in monkeys: a clinical and histologic study. J Prosthet Dent 1998;80:551-558.
  27. Schultze-Mosgau S, Schliephake H, Radespiel-Troger M, et al. Osseointegration of endodontic endosseous cones: zirconium oxide vs titanium. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod 2000;89:91-98.
  28. Kohal RJ, Weng D, Bachle M, et al. Loaded custom-made zirconia and titanium implants show similar osseointegration: an animal experiment. J Periodontol 2004;75:1262-1268.
  29. Hoffmann O, Angelov N, Gallez F, et al. The zirconia implant-bone interface: a preliminary histologic evaluation in rabbits. Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants 2008;23:691-695.
  30. Anselme K. Osteoblast adhesion on biomaterials. Biomaterials 2000;21:667-681.
  31. Gotfredsen K, Nimb L, Hjorting-hansen E, et al. Histomorphometric and removal torque analysis for TiO2hyphen;blasted titanium implants. An experimental study on dogs. Clin Oral Implants Res 1992;3:77-84.
  32. Kohal RJ, Baechle M, Han JS, et al. In vitro reaction of human osteoblasts on alumina-toughened zirconia. Clin Oral Implants Res 2009;20:1265-1271.
  33. Gahlert M, Rohling S, Wieland M, et al. Osseointegration of zirconia and titanium dental implants: a histological and histomorphometrical study in the maxilla of pigs. Clin Oral Implants Res 2009;20: 1247-1253.
  34. Aboushelib M, Salem N, Abotaleb A, et al. Influence of surface nano-roughness on osseointegration of zirconia implants in rabbit femur heads using selective infiltration etching technique. J Oral Implantol 2011.
  35. Shors EC. Coralline bone graft substitutes. Orthop Clin North Am 1999;30:599-613.
  36. Itala AI, Ylanen HO, Ekholm C, et al. Pore diameter of more than 100 microm is not requisite for bone ingrowth in rabbits. J Biomed Mater Res 2001;58:679-683.
  37. Bozzini B, Carlino P, Mele C. Electrochemical behaviour and surface characterisation of Zr exposed to an SBF solution containing glycine, in view of dental implant applications. J Mater Sci Mater Med 2011;22:193-200.
  38. Aldini NN, Fini M, Giavaresi G, et al. Osteointegration of bioactive glass-coated and uncoated zirconia in osteopenic bone: an in vivo experimental study. J Biomed Mater Res A 2004;68:264-272.
  39. Oliva J, Oliva X, Oliva JD. One-year follow-up of first consecutive 100 zirconia dental implants in humans: a comparison of 2 different rough surfaces. Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants 2007;22:430-435.
  40. Pirker W, Wiedemann D, Lidauer A, et al. Immediate, single stage, truly anatomic zirconia implant in lower molar replacement: a case report with 2.5 years follow-up. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2011;40: 212-216.
  41. Wohlfahrt JC, Lyngstadaas SP, Ronold HJ, et al. Porous titanium granules in the surgical treatment of peri-implant osseous defects: a randomized clinical trial. Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants 2012;27:401-410.
  42. Song HY, Sarkar SK, Kim MS, et al. Fabrication of bioglass infiltrated Al2O 3-(m-ZrO2) composites. J Mater Sci Mater Med 2009;20:265-269.
  43. Matsumoto TJ, An SH, Ishimoto T, et al. Zirconiahydroxyapatite composite material with micro porous structure. Dent Mater 2011;27:e205-212.