References
- Alwan A (1997). Non-communicable diseases: a major challenge to public health in the region. East Med Health J, 3, 6-16.
- Al-Hazzaa H (2007). Health enhancing physical activity among Saudi adults using International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ). Public Health Nutr, 10, 59-64.
- Al-Nozha M, Arafah M, Al-Mazrou Y, et al (2004a). Coronary artery disease in Saudi Arabia. Saudi Med J, 25, 1165-71.
- Al-Nozha M, Al-Maatouq M, Al-Mazrou Y, et al (2004b). Diabetes mellitus in Saudi Arabia. Saudi Med J, 25, 1603-10.
- Al Nozha MM, Hazzaa MH, Arafa MR, et al (2007). Prevalence of physical activity and inactivity among Saudis aged 30-70 years: A population-based cross sectional study. Saudi Med J, 28, 559-568.
- Al Refaee S, Al-Hazzaa H (2001). Physical activity profile of adults in Riyadh City. Saudi Med J, 22, 784-789.
- Al-Shamsi SR, Bener A, Al-Sharhan M, et al (2003). Clinicopathological pattern of colorectal cancer in the United Arab Emirates. Saudi Med J, 24, 518-22.
- Amin TT, Suleman W, Ali A, et al (2011). Pattern, prevalence, and perceived personal barriers toward physical activity among adult Saudis in Al-Hassa, KSA. Phys Act Health, 8, 775-84. https://doi.org/10.1123/jpah.8.6.775
- Ball K, Owen N, Salmon J, et al (2001). Association of physical activity with body weight and fat in men and women. Int J Obesity, 25, 914-919.
- Behre CJ, Bergstrom G, Schmidt CB (2011). Increasing leisure time physical activity is associated with less prevalence of the metabolic syndrome in healthy middle-aged men. Angiology, 62, 509-12. https://doi.org/10.1177/0003319711398863
- Bonett DG, Price RM (2002). Statistical Inference for a Linear Function of Medians: Confidence Intervals, Hypothesis Testing and Sample Size Requirements. Psychol Methods, 7, 370-83. https://doi.org/10.1037/1082-989X.7.3.370
- Bull FC, Maslin TS, Armstrong T (2009). Global physical activity questionnaire (GPAQ): nine country reliability and validity study. Physical Act Health, 6, 790-804. https://doi.org/10.1123/jpah.6.6.790
- Cancer Incidence Report. Saudi Arabia (2001). Ministry of Health 1994-1996, Riyadh No. 2632/13.
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2002). Prevalence of no leisure-time physical activity: 35 states and the District of Columbia, 1988-2002. MMWR Morb Mort Wkly Rep, 53, 82-86.
- Central Intelligence Agency: World Fact Book: Economy, Labor force by occupation. [cited 2010 Oct 20]. Available from:https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-worldfactbook/geos/sa.html
- Chen YJ, Huang YH, Lu FH, et al (2001). The Correlates of Leisure Time Physical Activity among an Adults Population from Southern Taiwan. BMC Public Health, 11, 427 http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2458/11/427 https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2458-11-427
- Earth Trend: Population, Health and Human Well-being - Transportation: Passenger cars per 1000 people. [cited 2010 Oct 15]. Available from:http://earthtrends.wri.org/text/population-health/variable-290.html
- Gerber Y, Myers V, Goldbourt U, et al (2011). Long-term trajectory of leisure time physical activity and survival after first myocardial infarction: a population-based cohort study. Eur J Epidemiol, 26, 109-16. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10654-010-9523-8
- GPAQ: Global Physical Activity Questionnaire (version 2.0). [Cited 2009 Feb 20]. Available from: http://www.who.int/chp/steps/resources/GPAQ_Analysis_Guide.pdf.
- Hallal PC, Victora CG, Wells JC, et al (2003). Physical inactivity: prevalence and associated variables in Brazilian adults. Med Sci Sports Exerc, 35, 1894-900. https://doi.org/10.1249/01.MSS.0000093615.33774.0E
- Haskell WL, Lee IM, Pate RR, et al (2007). Physical activity and public health: updated recommendation for adults from the American College of Sports Medicine and the American Heart Association. Med Sci Sports Exerc, 39, 1423-34. https://doi.org/10.1249/mss.0b013e3180616b27
- Hawkins SA, Cockburn MG, Hamilton AS, et al(2004). An estimate of physical activity prevalence in a large populationbased cohort. Med Sci Sports Exerc, 36, 253-60. https://doi.org/10.1249/01.MSS.0000113485.06374.0E
- IPAQ; International Physical Activity Questionnaire. [Cited 2009 Feb 20]. Available from: www.ipaq.ki.se.
- Jurj AL, Wen W, Gao YT, et al (2007). Patterns and correlates of physical activity: a cross-sectional study in urban Chinese women. BMC Public Health, 7, 213. https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2458-7-213
- Kaplan MS, Newsom JT, McFarland BH, et al (2001). Demographic and psychosocial correlates of physical activity in late life. Am J Prev Med, 21, 306-312. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0749-3797(01)00364-6
- King AC, Castro C, Wilcox E, et al (2002). Personal and environmental factors associated with physical inactivity among different racial-ethnic groups of US middle-aged and older-aged women. Health Psychol, 19, 354-364. https://doi.org/10.1037/0278-6133.19.4.354
- King G, Fitzhugh E, Bassett D Jr, et al (2001). Relationship of leisure-time physical activity and occupational activity to the prevalence of obesity. Int J Obesity, 25, 606-612. https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.ijo.0801583
- Lee, EO, Ahn SH, You DS, et al (2004). Determining the main risk factors and high-risk groups of breast cancer using a predictive model for breast cancer risk assessment in South Korea. Cancer Nursing, 27, 400-6.
- Leon A, editor (1997). Physical activity and Cardiovascular Health. A National Consensus Champaign (IL): Human Kinetics.
- Lin YC, Huang LH, Yeh MC, et al(2011). Leisure-time physical activities for community older people with chronic diseases. J Clin Nurs, 20, 940-9. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2702.2009.02877.x
- Lopes JA, Long GZ, Peres KG, et al (2010). Factors associated with insufficient physical activity in adults: population-based study in southern Brazil. Rev Bras Epidemiol, 13, 689-98. https://doi.org/10.1590/S1415-790X2010000400013
- Martinez-Gonzalez MA, Varo JJ, Santos JL, et al (2001). Prevalence of physical activity during leisure time in the European Union. Med Sci Sports Exerc, 33, 1142-6.
- Murray CJL, Lopez AD, editors (1996). The global burden of disease: a comprehensive assessment of mortality and disability from disease, injuries, and risk factors in 1990 and projected to 2020. Boston, Mass: Harvard School of Public Health.
- Nation Master: Transportation statistics > Motor vehicles by country. [cited 2010 Oct 15]. Available from:http://www. nationmaster.com/graph/tra_mot_veh-transportation-motorvehicles
- Oliveira AJ, Lopes CS, de Leon AC, et al (2011). Social support and leisure-time physical activity: longitudinal evidence from the Brazilian Pro-Saude cohort study. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act, 8, 77. https://doi.org/10.1186/1479-5868-8-77
- Palacios-Cena D, Alonso-Blanco C, Jimenez-Garcia R, et al (2011). Time trends in leisure time physical activity and physical fitness in elderly people: 20 year follow-up of the Spanish population national health survey (1987-2006). BMC Public Health, 11, 799. https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2458-11-799
- Parks SE, Housemann RA, Brownson RC (2003). Differential correlates of physical activity in urban and rural adults of various socioeconomic backgrounds in the United States. J Epidemiol Community Health, 57, 29-35. https://doi.org/10.1136/jech.57.1.29
- Pitanga FJG, Lessa I (2005). Prevalence and factors associated with sedentary leisure time in adults. Cad Public Health, 21, 870-7.
- Pitanga FJG, Lessa I (2008). Association between physical inactivity free time and hospital admissions in adults in Salvador, Brazil. Rev Bras Cineantropom Performance Hum, 10, 347-53.
- Reichert FF, Barros AJ, Domingues MR, et al (2007). The role of perceived personal barriers to engagement in leisure-time physical activity. Am J Public Health, 97, 515-9. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2005.070144
- Rocha SV, de Almeida MMG, de Araujo TM, et al (2011). Factors associated with leisure-time physical activity among residents of urban areas form a municipality in Northeastern Brazil. Res Bras Clineanttropom Desepenho Hum,13, 257-64.
- Rozen P, Rosner G, Liphshitz I, et al (2007). The changing incidence and sites of colorectal cancer in the Israeli Arab population and their clinical implications. Int J Cancer, 120, 147-51. https://doi.org/10.1002/ijc.22141
- Shores KA, West ST (2010). Pursuing leisure during leisure-time physical activity. J Phys Act Health, 7, 685-94. https://doi.org/10.1123/jpah.7.5.685
- Smith FS, Facchini LA, Piccini RX, et al (2008). Physical activity in adults and elderly residents in areas covered by primary health of cities in South and Northeast Brazil. Cad Saúde Pública, 24, 39-54. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0102-311X2008000100005
- Taha AZ, Bella H (1998). Heart disease risk factors: prevalence and knowledge in a primary care setting, Saudi Arabia. East Med Health J, 4, 293-300.
- Trinh OT, Nguyen ND, van der Ploeg HP, et al (2009). Test-retest repeatability and relative validity of the Global Physical Activity Questionnaire in a developing country context. Physical Act Health, 6, S46-53. https://doi.org/10.1123/jpah.6.s1.s46
- Trinh OT, Nguyen ND, Dibley MJ, et al (2008). The prevalence and correlates of physical inactivity among adults in Ho Chi Minh City. BMC Public Health, 8, 204. https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2458-8-204
- Tremblay, Tremblay MS, Bryan SN, et al (2006). Physical activity and immigrant status: evidence from the Canadian Community Health Survey. Can J Public Health, 97, 277-82.
- Troped PJ, Saunders RP, Pate RR, et al (2003). Correlates of recreational and transportation physical activity among adults in a New England community. Prev Med, 37, 304-310. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0091-7435(03)00137-3
- Trost SG, Owen N, Bauman AE, et al (2002). Correlates of adults' participation in physical activity: review and update. Med Sci Sports Exerc, 34, 1996-2001. https://doi.org/10.1097/00005768-200212000-00020
- U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (1996). Physical activity and Health: A Report of the Surgeon General. Atlanta, GA: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), National Centers for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion.
- Wong CH, Wong SF, Shen L (2003). Correlates of habitual walking and sports/ leisure-time physical activity in older persons in Singapore: interaction effects between educational attainment and gender. Ann Acad Med Singapore, 32, 801-806.
- World Health Organization. Sedentary lifestyle (2001). a global public health problem, Geneva, Switzerland: WHO. [cited 2011 September 13]. Available from: http://www.who.int/hpr/physactiv/sedentary.lifestyle.html.
- World Health Organization (2002). The World Health Report 2002- Reducing risk factors, Promoting Healthy life. Geneva, Switzerland: WHO.
- World Health Organization: The WHO stepwise approach to surveillance of non-communicable diseases (STEPs): STEPs instrument for NCD risk factors (core and expanded version 1.4). [cited 2010 Jan 20]. Available from: http://www.who.int/ncd_surveillance/en/stepsinstrumentcore_exp_v1.4.pdf
- World Health Organization: Non communicable diseases: Prevalence of low physical activity in selected countries of the Eastern Mediterranean Region according to the STEPwise survey. [cited 2010 Oct 20]. Available from: http://www.emro.who.int/ncd/risk_factors.htm#rf
- World Health Organization World Report Health Mental Health (2002): New design, new hope. Lisbon, 2002.
- Zanchetta L, Barros MBA, César CLG, et al (2010). Physical inactivity and associated factors in adults, Sao Paulo, Brazil. Rev Bras Epidemiol, 13, 387-99. https://doi.org/10.1590/S1415-790X2010000300003
- Zunft HJ, Friebes D, Seppelt B (1999). Perceived benefits and barriers to physical activity in a nationally representative sample in European Union. Public Health Nutr, 2, 153-60.
Cited by
- Measuring Stages of Change, Perceived Barriers and Self efficacy for Physical Activity in Saudi Arabia vol.14, pp.2, 2013, https://doi.org/10.7314/APJCP.2013.14.2.1009
- Profile of Non-Communicable Disease Risk Factors Among Employees at a Saudi University vol.15, pp.18, 2014, https://doi.org/10.7314/APJCP.2014.15.18.7897
- Physical Activity and Cancer Prevention: Awareness and Meeting the Recommendations among Adult Saudis vol.15, pp.6, 2014, https://doi.org/10.7314/APJCP.2014.15.6.2597
- Gender-specific changes in physical activity pattern in Iran: national surveillance of risk factors of non-communicable diseases (2007–2011) vol.59, pp.2, 2014, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00038-013-0529-3
- Correlations of Physical Activity, Body Mass Index, Shift Duty, and Selected Eating Habits among Nurses in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia vol.54, pp.4, 2015, https://doi.org/10.1080/03670244.2015.1004400
- Correlates of Cardiovascular Disease Risk Scores in Women in Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia vol.55, pp.1, 2015, https://doi.org/10.1080/03630242.2014.972020
- Levels and correlates of physical activity, inactivity and body mass index among Saudi women working in office jobs in Riyadh city vol.16, pp.1, 2016, https://doi.org/10.1186/s12905-016-0312-8
- Shifting the Physical Inactivity Curve Worldwide by Closing the Gender Gap pp.1179-2035, 2017, https://doi.org/10.1007/s40279-017-0754-7
- Level of Sedentary Behavior and Its Associated Factors among Saudi Women Working in Office-Based Jobs in Saudi Arabia vol.14, pp.6, 2017, https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph14060659
- Patterns of physical activity and sedentary behavior in a representative sample of a multi-ethnic South-East Asian population: a cross-sectional study vol.15, pp.1, 2015, https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-015-1668-7