아동학회지 (Korean Journal of Child Studies)

  • 제33권6호
  • /
  • Pages.149-168
  • /
  • 2012
  • /
  • 1226-1688(pISSN)
  • /
  • 2234-408X(eISSN)
한국아동학회 (Korean Association of Child Studies)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

어머니의 정서표현 양가성과 모-자녀 간 의사소통이 남녀 청소년의 우울에 미치는 영향

The Effects of Maternal Ambivalence over Emotional Expressiveness and Mother-Adolescent Communication on Depression in Adolescent Boys and Girls

  • 이영화 (이화여자대학교 대학원 아동학과) ;
  • 지연경 (이화여자대학교 아동학과) ;
  • 도현심 (이화여자대학교 아동학과)
  • 투고 : 2012.08.31
  • 심사 : 2012.12.07
  • 발행 : 2012.12.31
PDF 다운로드
⟨ 이전 논문 다음 논문 ⟩

초록

This study explored the effects of maternal ambivalence over emotional expressiveness (AEE) and mother-adolescent communication on adolescent depression (depressed affect, positive affect, somatic symptoms and activity inhibition, interpersonal difficulties). Data were taken from 233 middle school students (128 boys, 105 girls) and their mothers. Regression analyses showed varying gender differences in the relationships among these variables. Boys with high maternal AEE had lower positive affect, and higher depressive affect, somatic symptoms and activity inhibition, and interpersonal difficulties, whereas girls' moods were not influenced by maternal AEE. In addition, boys with problems in mother-dolescent communication exhibited lower positive affect, higher depressed affect and interpersonal difficulties, but open communication was not related to any depressive symptoms. The mother-adolescent communication type did not appear to be associated with depression in girls either. Both boys and girls both had less open communication and more problem communication with mothers experiencing high AEE. Problem communication with mothers partially mediated the relationship between maternal AEE and interpersonal difficulties in boys only. Examination of maternal ambivalence over emotional expressiveness provides a deeper context for our understanding of negative family communication patterns and the psychological consequences, especially in mother-adolescent boy dyads.

키워드

참고문헌

  1. Angold, A., & Costello, E. J. (1995). The epidemiology of depression in children and adolescents. In I. M. Goodyer (Ed.), The depressed child and adolescent (pp. 127-148). Cambridge, The United Kingdom : Cambridge University Press.
  2. Bae, M. (2008). The relations among the mother's emotional expressiveness, ambivalence over emotional expressiveness, parenting attitudes, and children's behavior problems. Unpublished master's thesis, The Catholic University, Seoul, Korea.
  3. Bae, S., & Shin, W. (2005). The factor structure of the CES-D Scale(The Center for Epidemiologic Studies-Depression Scale : An application of confirmatory factor analysis. Korean Association of Health and Medical Sociology, 18(1), 165-190.
  4. Baek, Y., & Choi, W. (1997). Influence of environmental variables, inner control and communication with parents on adolescent's stress - compared rural with urban. Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association, 35(2), 34-46.
  5. Barber, B. K. (1998). Interparental conflict styles and youth problem behaviors : A twosample replication study. Journal of Marriage and the Family, 60(1), 119-132. https://doi.org/10.2307/353446
  6. Barnes, H. L., & Olson, D. H. (1982). Parentadolescent communication : Family inventories. Department of Family Social Science : University of Minnesota. Minneapolis, MN.
  7. Barnes, H. L., & Olson, D. H. (1985). Parentadolescent communication and the Circumplex model. Child Development, 56(2), 438-447. https://doi.org/10.2307/1129732
  8. Baron, R. M., & Kenny, D. A. (1986). The moderator-mediator variable distinction in social psychological research : conceptual, strategic, and statistical considerations. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 51(6), 1173-1182. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.51.6.1173
  9. Barrera, M., & Garrison-Jones, C. (1992). Family and peer social supports specific correlates of adolescent depressive symptoms. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 20(1), 1-16. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00927113
  10. Berry, W. D., & Feldman, S. (1990). Multiple regression in practice. Newbury Park, CA : Sage.
  11. Blatt, S. J. (2004). Experiences of depression. Washington DC : American Psychological Association.
  12. Choi, H. (2008). Study on ambivalence over emotional expressiveness. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea.
  13. Choi, H., Lee, D., & Min, K. (2008). Clusters by affect intensity, emotional attention, emotional clarity, and ambivalence over emotional expression and psychological adjustment. The Korean Journal of Social and Personality Psychology, 22(4), 59-73.
  14. Choi, K. (1998). The effect of adolescents' perception of family System and parentadolescent communication on their psychological well-being. Journal of family relations, 3(1), 120-142.
  15. Choi, I. (2007). The effects of parent-adolescent communication on adolescent's self-differentiation, depression and anxiety. The Korean Journal of Clinical Psychology, 26(3), 611-628. https://doi.org/10.15842/kjcp.2007.26.3.004
  16. Choi, S., Chon, K., & Yang, B. (2001). Integrated adaptation of CES - D in Korea. Korean Journal of Health Psychology, 6(1), 59-76.
  17. Cummings, E. M., Davies, P. T., & Simpson, K. S. (1994). Marital conflict, gender, and children's appraisals and coping efficacy as mediators of child adjustment. Journal of Family Psychology, 8(2), 41-149.
  18. Dix, T. (1991). The affective organization of parenting : Adaptive and maladaptive processes. Psychological Bulletin, 110(1), 3-25. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.110.1.3
  19. Downey, G., & Coyne, J. C. (1990). Children of depressed parents : An integrative review. Psychological Bulletin, 108(11), 50-76. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.108.1.50
  20. Dunn, J., Brown, J. R., & Bearsall, L. (1991). Family talk about feeling states and children's later understanding of other's emotions. Developmental Psychology, 27(3), 448-455. https://doi.org/10.1037/0012-1649.27.3.448
  21. Eisenberg, N., Fabes, R. A., Shepard, S. A., Guthrie, I. K., Murphy, B. C., & Reiser, M. (1999). Parental reactions to children's negative emotions : Longitudinal relations to quality of children's social functioning. Child Development. 70(2), 513-534. https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-8624.00037
  22. Emmons, R., & Colby, P. M. (1995). Emotional conflict and well-being : relation to perceived availability daily utilization, and observer reports of social support. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 68(5), 947-959. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.68.5.947
  23. Flisher, A. J. (1999). Annotation : Mood disorder in suicidal children and adolescents : Recent developments. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry and Allied Disciplines, 40(3), 315-324. https://doi.org/10.1111/1469-7610.00449
  24. Goodman, S. H., & Gotlib, I. H. (2002). Children of depressed parents : Mechanism of risk and implications for treatment. Washington DC : American Psychological Association.
  25. Gore, S., Aseltine, R. H. J., & Colten, M. E. (1993). Gender, social-relational involvement and depression. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 3(2), 101-125.
  26. Katz, I. M., & Campbell, J. D. (1994). Ambivalence over emotional expression and wellbeing : Nomothetic and idiographic tests of the stress-buffering hypothesis. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 67(3), 513-524. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.67.3.513
  27. Kienhorst, I. C. W. M., De Wilde, E. J., Diekstra, R. F. W., & Wolters, W. H. G. (1995). Adolescents' image of their suicide attempt. Journal of American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 34(5), 623-628. https://doi.org/10.1097/00004583-199505000-00014
  28. Kim, H. (2006). The relations among adolescents' depression, problem solving ability, self efficacy and stressful life event. Unpublished master's thesis, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea.
  29. Kim, J. (1998). A study of relationships between mothers' communication level, children's personality type and learned helplessness. Unpublished master's thesis, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Korea.
  30. Kim, S. (2009). The relationship of parent adolescent communication on adolescent depression : The mediating effect of emotional clarity and avoidant distractive emotion regulation style. Unpublished master's thesis, Ewha Woman's University, Seoul, Korea.
  31. Kim, O., & Kim, K. (1994). Communications and family stress between mother and adolescent. Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association, 32(3), 106-118.
  32. Kim, U., Park, Y. S. Kwon, Y. E., & Koo, J. (2005). Values of children, parent-child relationship, and social change in Korea : Indigenous, cultural, and psychological analysis. Applied psychology : An International Review, 54(3), 338-354. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1464-0597.2005.00214.x
  33. King, L. A. (1998). Ambivalence over emotional expression and reading emotions in situations and faces. Journal of personality and Social Psychology, 74(3), 753-762. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.74.3.753
  34. King, L. A., & Emmons, R. A. (1990). Conflict over emotional expression : Psychological and physical correlates. Journal of Personality abd Social Psychology, 58(5), 864-877. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.58.5.864
  35. Kwak, K., & Mun, E. (1993). The relationships of psychological characteristics and depression and antisocial behavior in early adolescence. The Korean Journal of Development Psychology, 6(2), 29-43.
  36. Kwon, J. (2005). A study on the relationship of parent-adolescent communication, emotional adolescents' problem behaviors. Unpublished master's thesis, Seoul Women's University, Seoul, Korea.
  37. Kwon, H. (1992). A study on the motheradolescent communication patterns and adolescents' ego-identity development. Unpublished master's thesis, Dongduk Women's University, Seoul, Korea.
  38. Lee, A. (2000). A study on the parent - child relation and psychosocial adjustment of adolescents in single parent family. Korean Journal of Youth Studies, 7(1), 69-93.
  39. Lee, E., & Chung, H. (2000). Adolescents Delinquent behavior according to family related variables. Korean journal of human ecology, 3(2), 69-88.
  40. Lee, E., Choi, T., & Seo, M. (2000). Effects of stress related to school, self-esteem, parentchildren communication and parents' internal support of adolescent depression. The Korean Journal of Counseling and Psychotherapy, 12(2), 69-84.
  41. Lee, H., & Lee, Y. (2005). An impact of adolescent' perception of mother-adolescent communication on self-esteem and depression. The Korean journal of counseling, 6(1), 197-209.
  42. Lee, S., & Oh, K. (2006). The effects of emotional awareness deficit, ambivalence over emotional expressiveness, emotional expressivity on psychological maladaptation of middle-aged married women. The Korean Journal of Clinical Psychology, 25(1), 113-128.
  43. Lee, Y., & Kim, J. (2002). The effect of parentadolescent communication types on their psychological well-being. Journal of family relations, 7(2), 133-159.
  44. Leem, J. (2000). The relationship between fatherchild communication type and child's depression disposition. Unpublished master's thesis, Chonnam University, Gwangju, Korea.
  45. Marcoen, A., & Brumagne, M. (1985). Loneliness among children and young adolescents. Developmental Psychology, 21(6), 1025-1031. https://doi.org/10.1037/0012-1649.21.6.1025
  46. Min, H. (1991). A study on the relationship between juvenile delinquency and juvenile delinquent's perception of parent-adolescent communication, family cohesion and adaptability. Unpublished master's thesis, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea.
  47. Mongrain. M., & Vettese. L. C. (2003). Conflict over emotional expression : Implications for interpersonal communication. Personality and Social Psychology bulletin. 29(4), 545-555. https://doi.org/10.1177/0146167202250924
  48. Mongrain. M., & Zuroff, D. C. (1994). Ambivalence over emotional expressive symptoms in dependent and self-critical individuals. Personality and Individual Differences. 16(3), 447-458. https://doi.org/10.1016/0191-8869(94)90071-X
  49. Nam, H., & Ok, S. (2001). The effects of psychological family environment, self-control and friends characteristics of middle school students on their problem behaviors. Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association, 39(7), 37-58.
  50. Oh, J., & Cho, Y. (2009). A comparative study on mothers in counseling and mothers in non-counseling groups : Emotional expressiveness, ambivalence over emotional expressiveness, type of communication, parenting behavior. Korean Journal of Child Studies, 30(5), 195-208.
  51. Ok, J. (1998). The relationship between attachment security and depression in adolescence : Focusing on the mediating effect of perceived competence. Unpublished master's thesis, Ewha Woman's University, Seoul, Korea.
  52. Park, J., Kim I., Hyun, M., & Yu, J. (2008). The effects of emotional awareness deficit, emotional expressivity, ambivalence over emotional expressiveness on somatization, depression and stress experience frequency. Korean Journal of Health Psychology, 13(3), 571-581.
  53. Radloff, L. S. (1977). The CES-D Scale : A self-report depression scale for research in the general population. Applied Psychological Measurement, 1(3), 385-401. https://doi.org/10.1177/014662167700100306
  54. Reed, J. S., & Dubow, E. F. (1997). Cognitive and behavioral predictors of communication in clinic-referred and nonclinical motheradolescent dyads. Journal of Marriage and the Family, 59(1), 91-102. https://doi.org/10.2307/353664
  55. Robertson, J. F., & Simons, R. L. (1990). Family factors, self-esteem, and adolescent depression. Journal of Marriage and the family, 51(1), 125-138.
  56. Rubin, K. H., Burgess, K. B., Dwyer, K. M., & Hastings, P. D. (2003). Predicting preschoolers' externalizing behaviors from toddler temperament, conflict, and maternal negativity. Developmental Psychology, 39(1), 164-176. https://doi.org/10.1037/0012-1649.39.1.164
  57. Sarason, B. R., Pierce, G. R., Sherarin, E. N., Sarason, I. G., Waltz, J. A., & Poppe, L. (1991). Perceived social support and working models of self and actual others. Journal of personality and social psychology, 60(2), 273-287. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.60.2.273
  58. Seung, Y. (2003). A study on the relationships among family system, parent-child dysfunctional communication, depressions and problem behaviors of adolescent. Unpublished master's thesis, Hongik University, Seoul, Korea.
  59. Shin, J. (1999). A study on the psychosocial factors affecting of adolescent's depression. Unpublished master's thesis, Ewha Woman's University, Seoul, Korea.
  60. Siegel, D. J., & Hartzell, M. (2004). Parenting from the inside out. New York : Penguin.
  61. Smetana, J. G., Crean, H. F., & Daddis, C. (2002). Family process and problem behaviors in middle-class African American adolescents. Journals of Research on Adolescence, 12(2), 275-304. https://doi.org/10.1111/1532-7795.00034