Anti-Inflammatory Components of Platycodi Radix Butanol Fractions

길경(Platycodi Radix) Butanol 분획물의 항염증 활성 성분

  • Kim, Sung-Yeun (Dept. of Food Science, Seoul Woman's University) ;
  • Lee, Eun-Bang (Natureal Product Research Institute, Seoul National University) ;
  • Jeong, Eun-Ja (Dept. of Food & Nutrition Science, Eulji University)
  • 김성연 (서울여자대학교 대학원 식품과학과) ;
  • 이은방 (서울대학교 천연물과학연구소) ;
  • 정은자 (을지대학교 보건산업대학 식품영양학과)
  • Received : 2012.10.16
  • Accepted : 2012.12.11
  • Published : 2012.12.31

Abstract

This study was conducted to examine the development of a new anti-inflammatory substance with potent anti-inflammatory activities that was derived from the Platycodi Radix butanol fraction. To accomplish this, the chemical structures and anti-inflammatory activities of the components were elucidated. Upon column chromatography of the tertiary subfraction, fractions 8-4-1 and 8-4-2 were identified as platycodin D and D3, respectively, following recrystallization, based on melting point (MP), infrared (IR), and positive fast atom bombardment (FAB)-mass and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectral data. Platycodin D and D3 exhibited strong anti-inflammatory activities in rats when administerd at oral doses of 12 mg/kg and 36 mg/kg, p.o., respectively. Platycodin D and D3 induced inhibitory effects on capillary vascular permeability in rats at oral doses of 16 mg/kg and 24 mg/kg, p.o., respectively, and potent inhibition of leukocyte emigration in a carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC)-pouch when administered at doses of 3 mg/rat and 7 mg/rat, s.c., respectively. These results verified the high antiinflammatory potency of the platycodin D and D3 components in Platycodi Radix.

Keywords

References

  1. 이영은, 홍승현(2004) 한방식품재료학. 교문사, 서울. pp 152-153.
  2. Akiyama T, Tanaka A, Shibata S. (1972) Chemical studies on the oriental plant drug. XX. Sapogenins of the roots of Platycodon grandiflorum A. DC.(I). Isolaion of the stereochemistry of polygalacic acid. Chem Pharm Bull 20: 1945-1955. https://doi.org/10.1248/cpb.20.1945
  3. Alam A (1992) Protein assay model. Alal Biochem 203: 121-128. https://doi.org/10.1016/0003-2697(92)90051-8
  4. Byong SK, Kwon TY, Hong SM, Park SM (2007) In vitro anti-diabetic effects of crude extracts of Platycodi Radix. Korean J Food Sci Technol 39: 701-707.
  5. Cha MR, Choi CW, Yoo DS, Choi YH, Park BK, Kim EJ, Kim YS, Kang JS, Kim YH, Ryu SY (2011) Cognitive enhancing effect of saponin rich fraction from the roots extract of Plalycodon grandflorum in mice. Kor J Pharmacogn 42: 27-31.
  6. Choung MG, Sohn EH (2011) Anti-tumor activity of saponin fraction of Platycodon gondiflourm through immunomodulatory effects associated with NO production in raw. 264.7 cells. Korean J Plant Res 24: 557-563. https://doi.org/10.7732/kjpr.2011.24.5.557
  7. Higgs GA, Eakins KE, Mugridge KG, Moncada S, Vane JR (1980) The effects of NSAID on leucocytes migration in carrageenan induced inflammation. Br J Pharmacol 66: 81-87.
  8. Ishii H, Kitagawa I, Matsushita K (1981) The configuration and comformation of the arabinose moiety in platycodin, sapoins isolated from Platycodon grandiflorum, and misaponins from Madhuca based on 13C and 1H NMR spectroscopic evidence. Tetrahedron Lett 210: 1529-1535.
  9. Ishii H, Tori K, Tozyo T, Yoshimura Y (1981) Sapoins from root of Platycodon grandiflorum Part 1. Structure of prosapogenins. J Chem Soc Perkin Trans I 7: 1928-1933.
  10. Ishii H, Tori K, Tozyo T, Yoshimura Y (1984) Saponins from roots of Platycodon grandiflorum Part 2. Isolation and structure of new triterpene glycosides. J Chem Soc Perkn Trans I 4: 661-668.
  11. Ishii H, Tori K, Tozyo T, Yoshimura Y (1978) Structure of polygalacin-D and D2, platycodin D and D2 and their monoacetate, saponins isolated from Platycodon grandiflorum A. DC., determined by 13C and 1H NMR spectroscopy. Chem Pharm Bull 26: 671-678. https://doi.org/10.1248/cpb.26.671
  12. Ishkawa H, Mori Y (1969) The characteristic feature of glucocoricoid after local application with reference to leucocyte migration and protein exudation. Eur J Pharmol 7: 201-209. https://doi.org/10.1016/0014-2999(69)90011-9
  13. Kim SM (1993) Pharmacological studies of Torilis japonica seed. MS Thesis Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul. pp 30-39.
  14. Kim SY, Lee EB, Jeong EJ (2009) Aanti-inflammatory activity of the fractions from Platycodi Radix. Kor J Food & Nutr 22: 618-624.
  15. Kim TJ (1988) Pathophysiology. Diagnosis and Pharmacother p 47.
  16. Lee SY, Lee JH, Kim WL, Bae SJ, Park TL, Choi YH (2003) Apoptotic cell death of human lung carcinoma A549 cells by an aqueous extract from the roots of Plalycodon grandflorum. Journal of Life Science 13: 154-162. https://doi.org/10.5352/JLS.2003.13.2.154
  17. Ozaki Y (1995) Studies on antiinflammatory effect of Japanese Oriental medicines (kampo medicines) used to treat inflammatory diseases. Biol Pharm Bull 18: 559-563. https://doi.org/10.1248/bpb.18.559
  18. Park MH, Lee YJ, Hwang SW, Han JP, Bae MJ (1994) Effect of Platycodi Radix saponin on serum. liver, and fecal lipids content in rats fed on high fat diet. J Korean Soc Food Nutr 23: 568-573.
  19. Rosa MD, Girard JP, Willoughby DA (1971) Studies of the mediators of the acute inflammatory response induced in rats in different sites by carrageenan and turpentine. J Pathol 104: 15-29. https://doi.org/10.1002/path.1711040103
  20. Salvemini D, Wang ZQ, Wyatt PS, Bourdon DM, Marino MH, Manning PT, Currie MG (1996) Nitric oxide: A key mediator in the early and late phase of carrageenan-induced rat paw inflammation. Br J Pharmacol 118: 829-839. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1476-5381.1996.tb15475.x
  21. Sedgwick AD, Lees P (1986) A comparison of air pouch sponge and pleurisy models of acute carrageenan inflammation in the rat. Agents & Action 18: 429-436. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01965008
  22. Tada A, Kaneiwa Y, Shibata S (1975) Studies on the saponins of the root of Platycodin grandiflorum A. DC., Isolation and the structure of platycodin D. Chem Pharm Bull 23: 2965-2974. https://doi.org/10.1248/cpb.23.2965
  23. Takagi K, Lee BE (1972) Pharmacological studies on Platycodon grandiflorum A. DC. II. Anti-inflammatory activity of crude platycodin, its activitys on isolated organs and other pharmacological activity. Yakugaku Zasshi 92: 961-967. https://doi.org/10.1248/yakushi1947.92.8_961
  24. Wedmore CV, Williams TJ (1981) Control of vascular permeability polymorphonuclear leucocyte in inflammation. Nature 289: 649-657.
  25. Whittle BA (1964) The use of changes in capillary permeability in mice to distinguish between narcotic analgesics. Br J Pharmacol 22: 246-249.
  26. Winter CA, Risley EA and Nuss GW (1962) Carrageenaninduced edema in hind paw of the rat as an assay for antiinflammatory drugs. Proc Soc Exp Biol Med 111: 544-549. https://doi.org/10.3181/00379727-111-27849