Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment (한국대기환경학회지)

Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment (한국대기환경학회)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Evaluation of On-Road NOx Emission from a Light Duty Diesel Vehicle using a Portable Emissions Measurement System

이동식 배출가스 측정장비를 이용한 소형 경유 자동차의 실도로 질소산화물 배출특성 분석

  • Lee, Tae-Woo (Transportation Pollution Research Center, National Institute of Environmental Research) ;
  • Lee, Jong-Tae (Transportation Pollution Research Center, National Institute of Environmental Research) ;
  • Kim, Jeong-Soo (Transportation Pollution Research Center, National Institute of Environmental Research)
  • 이태우 (국립환경과학원 교통환경연구소) ;
  • 이종태 (국립환경과학원 교통환경연구소) ;
  • 김정수 (국립환경과학원 교통환경연구소)
  • Received : 2011.11.24
  • Accepted : 2012.01.25
  • Published : 2012.02.29
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

The purpose of this research is to quantify the compliance of on-road emission from a light duty diesel vehicle, based on a comparison to emission regulation standard. $NO_x$, CO and THC emissions were measured using a portable device on a selected real-world driving route with a length of approximately 22 km. On-road measurements were repeated by 10 times on a same route to reflect variability in traffic conditions. A test route was divided into 22 road links with length of 1 km to analyze emission results with higher spatial resolution. The average emissions of $NO_x$, CO and THC over total travel distance, which is approximately 220 km, were quantified to be in compliance with emission regulation standards. Under higher spatial resolution, $NO_x$ concentration exceeded a standard in 92 links out of 220 links. The extended time in stop period and the stop-and-go driving cycle were identified as two important reasons for increased $NO_x$ emissions in observed cases. Heavy traffics showed higher $NO_x$ emissions than free flow. These results indicate that the real-world vehicle emissions might exceed the compliance level associate with traffic conditions. Another interesting observation of this research is that the on-road emission characteristics can be independent to the average speed of road links with higher spatial resolution. Variability in on-road emission might not be fully described by solely relying on an average speed, because variability in traffic conditions and road conditions can influence on real-world vehicle emissions.

Keywords

References

  1. Akard, M., K. Oestergaard, S. Porter, M. Gautam, D. Carder, D. Love, T. Moye, and H. Garabedian (2004) Further investigation into the performance of two different on-board emission measurement system compared to laboratory measurement, Technical Paper of Society of Automotive Engineers, 2004-01-3480.
  2. Andre, M., R. Joumard, R. Vidon, P. Tassel, and P. Perret (2006) Real world European driving cycles, for measuring pollutant emissions from high- and low-powered cars, Atmospheric Environment, 40, 5944-5953. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2005.12.057
  3. Brundell-Freij, K. and E. Ericsson (2005) Influence of street characteristics, driver category and car performance on urban driving patterns, Transportation Research Part D, 10, 213-229. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trd.2005.01.001
  4. California Department of Transportation (2008) MOVES vs. EMFAC: A comparative assessment based on a LA county case study, Caltran Task Order 9 and 53.
  5. European Commission (2011), Real driving emissions of vehicles, CARS 21 (Competitive Automotive Regulatory System for 21st century) Working group 4 meeting discussion paper, Brussels, 15 APRIL 2011.
  6. Frey, H.C., K. Zhang, and N. Rouphail (2008) Fuel use and emissions comparisons for alternative routes, time of day, road grade, and vehicles based on in-use measurements, Environmental Science and Technology, 42 (7), 2483-2489. https://doi.org/10.1021/es702493v
  7. Gierczak, C., T. Korniski, T. Wallington, and J. Butler (2006) Laboratory evaluation of the SEMTECH-G portable emissions measurement system (PEMS) for gasoline fueled vehicles, Technical Paper of Society of Automotive Engineers, 2006-01-1081.
  8. Jang, Y., J. Kim, P. Kim, Y. Shin, W. Kim, and Y. Choi (2010) Estimation of vehicle kilometers travelled and air pollution emission from motorcycles, Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment, 26 (1), 48-56. (in Korean with English abstract) https://doi.org/10.5572/KOSAE.2010.26.1.048
  9. Jeon, S., M. Eom, and J. Hong (2010) A study on the comparison of emission characteristics of in-use urban bus by test modes, Journal of Korean Society for Atmos-pheric Environment, 26(4), 403-411. (in Korean with English abstract) https://doi.org/10.5572/KOSAE.2010.26.4.403
  10. KAMA, Korean Automobile Manufacturers Association (2003) Monthly statistic report of motor vehicle registration.
  11. KAMA, Korean Automobile Manufacturers Association (2010) Monthly statistic report of motor vehicle registration.
  12. Kim, S., M. Eom, and J. Hong (2010) The emission characteristics of bio-diesel fuel in heavy-duty engine, Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment, 26(5), 499-506. (in Korean with English abstract) https://doi.org/10.5572/KOSAE.2010.26.5.499
  13. Lee, T., J. Keel, J. Park, Y. Park, J. Hong, and D. Lee (2011) Speed-based emission factor regarding vehicle specific power and acceleration during on-road driving, Transactions of Korean Society of Automotive Engineers, 19(1), 73-81. (in Korean with English abstract)
  14. Lee, Y., G. Kim, Y. Pyo, M. Sunwoo, and M. Eom (2002) Development of chassis dynamometer test modes to derive the emission factors for light duty vehicles, Transactions of Korean Society of Automotive Engineers, 10(6), 117-124. (in Korean with English abstract)
  15. Lim, C., J. Hong, J. Kim, J. Lee, Y. Lim, S. Kim, and S. Jeon (2011) A study on reduction effects of air pollutant emissions by automotive fuel standard reinforcements, Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment, 27(2), 181-190. (in Korean with English abstract) https://doi.org/10.5572/KOSAE.2011.27.2.181
  16. Nakamura, H., M. Akard, S. Porter, and I. Khalek (2007) Performance test results of a new on board gaseous emission measurement system conformed with CFR Part 1065, Technical Paper of Society of Automotive Engineers, 2007-01-1326.
  17. NIER, National Institute of Environmental Research (2011) Annual report of air quality in Korea 2010.
  18. Traffic Monitoring System (2011) Korean Institute of Construction Technology, accessed at http://www.road.re.kr/analysis/analysis_01.asp?main_no=5&sub_no=1.
  19. U.S. EPA (2002) Methodology for developing modal emission rates for EPA's multi-scale motor vehicle & equipment emission system, EPA report 420-R-02-027.
  20. U.S. EPA (2010) Official release of the MOVES2010 motor vehicle emissions model for emissions inventories in SIPs and transportation conformity, Federal Register 75(40).
  21. Weiss, M., P. Bonnel, R. Hummel, U. Manfredi, R. Colombo, G. Lanappe, P. Le Lijour, and M. Sculati (2011) Analyzing on-road emissions of light-duty vehicles with Portable Emission Measurement Systems, European Commission, Joint Research Centre report JRC 62639 (EUR 24697 EN).
  22. Zhai, H., H.C. Frey, and N. Rouphail (2008) A vehicle-vpecific power approach to speed- and facility-specific emissions estimates for diesel transit buses, Environmental Science and Technology, 42(21), 7985-7991. https://doi.org/10.1021/es800208d

Cited by

  1. Evaluation of Treatment Efficencies of Pollutants in Juksancheon Constructed Wetlands for Treating Non-point Source Pollution vol.45, pp.4, 2012, https://doi.org/10.7745/KJSSF.2012.45.4.642
  2. Influence of Driving Routes and Seasonal Conditions to Real-driving NOx Emissions from Light Diesel Vehicles vol.22, pp.1, 2014, https://doi.org/10.7467/KSAE.2014.22.1.148
  3. Control Measures for Air Pollutant Emissions from In-Use Light-Duty Diesel Vehicles Regarding their Emission Control Technologies vol.30, pp.4, 2014, https://doi.org/10.5572/KOSAE.2014.30.4.327
  4. Study of Emission Characteristics of Commercial Vehicles Using PEMS vol.38, pp.8, 2014, https://doi.org/10.3795/KSME-B.2014.38.8.657
  5. A Study for Developing an Operating Mode-Based Emission Model for Korea vol.34, pp.2, 2016, https://doi.org/10.7470/jkst.2016.34.2.180