DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Clinical Features of 11 Patients with Xanthogranulomatous Pyelonephritis

황색육아종성 신우신염 11예의 임상적 특징

  • Shin, Min-Ji (Department of Internal Medicine, Pusan National University School of Medicine) ;
  • Ryu, Kwang-Duck (Department of Internal Medicine, Pusan National University School of Medicine) ;
  • Jeon, Hye-Kyung (Department of Internal Medicine, Pusan National University School of Medicine) ;
  • Eom, Jung-Seop (Department of Internal Medicine, Pusan National University School of Medicine) ;
  • Lee, Kyung-Nam (Department of Internal Medicine, Pusan National University School of Medicine) ;
  • Rhee, Ha-Rin (Department of Internal Medicine, Pusan National University School of Medicine) ;
  • Song, Sang-Heon (Department of Internal Medicine, Pusan National University School of Medicine) ;
  • Seong, Eun-Young (Department of Internal Medicine, Pusan National University School of Medicine) ;
  • Lee, Soo-Bong (Department of Internal Medicine, Pusan National University School of Medicine) ;
  • Kwak, Ihm-Soo (Department of Internal Medicine, Pusan National University School of Medicine)
  • 신민지 (부산대학교 의학전문대학원 내과학교실) ;
  • 류광덕 (부산대학교 의학전문대학원 내과학교실) ;
  • 전혜경 (부산대학교 의학전문대학원 내과학교실) ;
  • 엄중섭 (부산대학교 의학전문대학원 내과학교실) ;
  • 이경남 (부산대학교 의학전문대학원 내과학교실) ;
  • 이하린 (부산대학교 의학전문대학원 내과학교실) ;
  • 송상헌 (부산대학교 의학전문대학원 내과학교실) ;
  • 성은영 (부산대학교 의학전문대학원 내과학교실) ;
  • 이수봉 (부산대학교 의학전문대학원 내과학교실) ;
  • 곽임수 (부산대학교 의학전문대학원 내과학교실)
  • Published : 2012.03.01

Abstract

Background/Aims: Because preoperative diagnosis of xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis (XGP) is difficult, due to its similarities to other renal diseases, the diagnosis is made postoperatively in most cases. The purpose of this study was to describe the clinical findings in 11 patients with histologically documented XGP. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the characteristics, laboratory and radiological findings, preoperative diagnoses and operative methods of 11 patients with XGP, who underwent a surgical procedure or percutaneous renal biopsy. Results: Among eleven patients, nine had flank pain and six had anemia. Preoperatively, three patients were diagnosed as XGP, two with renal cell carcinoma, two with renal tuberculosis, one with renal abscess, one with perirenal abscess, one with renal staghorn calculi with non-functioning kidney, and one with pyelonephrosis. On the basis of the computed tomography (CT) features, the diffuse or global forms (70.0%) were more common than the localized or focal forms 30.0%). One patient diagnosed with renal cell carcinoma preoperatively was diagnosed as XGP through an intraoperative frozen section renal tissue biopsy and underwent partial nephrectomy. One patient diagnosed as focal XGP underwent percutaneous biopsy of the renal mass, which confirmed the diagnosis. This patient received treatment with only antibiotic therapy. Conclusions: CT can be considered the preferred diagnostic tool for the evaluation of XGP; however, percutaneous renal biopsy seems to be valuable in selected cases for differential diagnosis of renal malignancy.

목적: 황색육아종성신우신염의 술 전 임상적, 혈액학적, 방사선학적 특성 분석을 통하여 황색육아종성신우신염을 진단하는데 도움을 주는 인자를 알아보고 치료방침을 결정하기 위해 본 연구를 시행하였다. 방법: 1999년 9월부터 2010년 4월까지 부산대학교 병원에서 황색육아종성신우신염로 확진되었던 11명을 대상으로 임상증상, 혈액학적 검사, 방사선검사, 술 전 진단 및 수술 방법 등을 후향적으로 분석하였다. 결과: 진단 당시 평균연령은 55.5 ${\pm}$ 16.3세(35-80세)였고, 남녀의 비는 4:7였다. 총 11명 중 9명이 측복부 동통을 주소로 내원하였다. 간기능 검사에서 AST/ALT는 1명에서 상승된 소견을 보였고, 평균수치는 43.4/24.7 IU이었고, 저알부민증으로 보인 경우가 4명으로 평균수치는 3.2 g/dL이었다. 일반 혈액 검사에서 빈혈을 보인 경우는 6명이었으며, 평균수치는 11.2 g/dL이었고, 백혈구증다증을 보인 경우는 7명으로 평균 수치는 15,766/$mm^{3}$을 보였다. 복부 전산화단층촬영상 5명(45.5%)에서 요석이 동반되어 있었고, 이 중에서 녹각석이 2명(18.2%)이었다. 술 전 진단으로 XGP이 3명, 신세포암이 2명, 신결핵이 2명, 신농양이 1명, 신주위농양이 1명, 신녹각석을 동반한 무기능신이 1명 그리고 농신증이 1명이었다. XGP로 진단된 3명 중 2명은 미만형이었고, 1명은 국소형이었다. 신세포암으로 진단된 2명 중 1명은 근치적 신적출술을 시행하였고, 1명은 술 중 신장의 동결절편 조직 검사에서 XGP으로 진단되어 부분 신절제술을 시행하였다. XGP의 복강 내 파열로 진단된 1명에서도 근치적 신적출술을 시행하였다. 국소형 XGP으로 진단된 1명은 술 전 신장 조직 검사를 시행하였고, XGP로 진단되어 신절제술 없이 보존적 항생제 투여하였고, 나머지 7명은 단순 신적출술을 시행하였다. 결론: XGP는 중년여성에서 흔하고 측복부 동통과 고열을 주 증상으로 하며 간기능 이상과 빈혈이 동반된다. 전산화단층촬영이 유용한 검사이며, 이를 통해 미만형 XGP가 의심이 되면 염증성 종물을 모두 제거하는 신적출술을 시행하고, 국소형 XGP가 의심이 되면 악성 종양과의 감별을 위해 술 전 신장 조직 검사도 제한적으로 적용될 수 있으며 국소형 XGP가 확진이 되면, 부분적 신절제술 혹은 항생제 치료를 고려한다.

Keywords

References

  1. Parsons MA, Harris SC, Longstaff AJ, Grainger RG. Xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis: a pathological, clinical and aetiological analysis of 87 cases. Diagn Histopathol 1983;6:203-219.
  2. Anhalt MA, Cawood CD, Scott R Jr. Xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis: a comprehensive review with report of 4 additional cases. J Urol 1971;105:10-17.
  3. Saeed SM, Fine G. Xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis. Am J Clin Pathol 1963;39:616-625.
  4. Hooper RG, Kempson RL, Schlegel JU. Xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis. J Urol 1962;88:585-593.
  5. Garber BB, Cendron M, Cohen R, Whitmore KE. Xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis and amyloidosis: a rare association. J Urol 1989;142:114-116.
  6. Chuang CK, Lai MK, Chang PL, et al. Xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis: experience in 36 cases. J Urol 1992;147: 333-336.
  7. Kuo CC, Wu CF, Huang CC, et al. Xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis: critical analysis of 30 patients. Int Urol Nephrol 2011;43:15-22. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11255-010-9778-8
  8. Samuel M, Duffy P, Capps S, Mouriquand P, Williams D, Ransley P. Xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis in childhood. J Pediatr Surg 2001;36:598-601. https://doi.org/10.1053/jpsu.2001.22292
  9. Goodman M, Curry T, Russell T. Xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis (XGP): a local disease with systemic manifestations. Report of 23 patients and review of the literature. Medicine (Baltimore) 1979;58:171-181.
  10. Vermillion SE, Morlock CG, Bartholomew LG, Kelalis PP. Nephrogenic hepatic dysfunction: secondary to tumefactive xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis. Ann Surg 1970;171: 130-136. https://doi.org/10.1097/00000658-197001000-00019
  11. Utz DC, Warren MM, Gregg JA, Ludwig J, Kelalis PP. Reversible hepatic dysfunction associated with hypernephroma. Mayo Clin Proc 1970;45:161-169.
  12. Perez LM, Thrasher JB, Anderson EE. Successful management of bilateral xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis by bilateral partial nephrectomy. J Urol 1993;149:100-102.
  13. Jeong JY, Lee SJ, Yoon JG, et al. A case of renal failure due to bilateral xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis. Korean J Nephrol 1995;14:233-237.
  14. Choi YH, Choi WH, Han SY, Han KH, Kim HS. A case of bilateral xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis with renal failure. Korean J Nephrol 2008;27:137-140.
  15. Goldman SM, Hartman DS, Fishman EK, Finizio JP, Gatewood OM, Siegelman SS. CT of xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis: radiologic-pathologic correlation. AJR Am J Roentgenol 1984;142:963-969. https://doi.org/10.2214/ajr.142.5.963
  16. Claes H, Vereecken R, Oyen R, Van Damme B. Xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis with emphasis on computerized tomography scan: retrospective study of 20 cases and literature review. Urology 1987;29:389-393. https://doi.org/10.1016/0090-4295(87)90502-4
  17. Eastham J, Ahlering T, Skinner E. Xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis: clinical findings and surgical considerations. Urology 1994;43:295-299. https://doi.org/10.1016/0090-4295(94)90069-8
  18. Biyani CS, Torella F, Cornford PA, Brough SJ. Xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis with bilateral nephrocutaneous fistulae. Urol Int 1997;59:46-47. https://doi.org/10.1159/000283016
  19. Majeed HA, Mohammed KA, Salman HA. Renocolic fistula as a complication to xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis. Singapore Med J 1997;38:116-119.
  20. Jung TS, Park SM, Park YH, et al. Xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis with spontaneous nephrocutaneous fistula. Korean J Urol 2008;49:1158-1160. https://doi.org/10.4111/kju.2008.49.12.1158
  21. Kim TK, Chang US, Yoo SM, et al. A case of a spontaneous renal rupture of xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis in a hemodialysis patient. Korean J Med 2006;70:294-298.
  22. Swingle CA, Baumgarten DA, Schuster DM. Xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis characterized on PET/CT. Clin Nucl Med 2005;30:728-729. https://doi.org/10.1097/01.rlu.0000182262.16796.b3
  23. Choi BH, Hong SP, Yoon JK, Pai KS, Hong J, Yim HE. 18F-FDG PET/CT finding in a case of xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis. Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2009;43:150-153.
  24. Kang TW, Jung SI, Jung GW. Clinical studies of xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis. Korean J Urol 2001;42:279-284.
  25. Kim YJ, Huh JS. Clinical characteristics of xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis. Korean J Urol 2004;45:935-940.
  26. Osca JM, Peiro MJ, Rodrigo M, Martinez-Jabaloyas JM, Jimenez-Cruz JF. Focal xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis: partial nephrectomy as definitive treatment. Eur Urol 1997; 32:375-379.
  27. Schaeffer AJ. Infections of the urinary tract. In: Walsh PC, Retik AB, Vaughan ED, Wein AJ, eds. Campbell's Urology. 7th ed. Philadelphia: WB Saunders, 1998:579-580.
  28. Ho CI, Wen YK, Chen ML. Xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis successfully treated with antibiotics only. J Chin Med Assoc 2008;71:643-645. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1726-4901(09)70008-5
  29. Fitouri Z, Nouira Y, Nouira K, et al. Focal xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis: success of conservative treatment: a case report. Tunis Med 2008;86:912-915.
  30. Rasoulpour M, Banco L, Mackay IM, Hight DW, Berman MM. Treatment of focal xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis with antibiotics. J Pediatr 1984;105:423-425. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-3476(84)80018-9

Cited by

  1. A Case of Metastatic Papillary Renal Cell Carcinoma Mimicking a Renal Abscess vol.88, pp.5, 2012, https://doi.org/10.3904/kjm.2015.88.5.587