DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

황토유황합제의 pH차이에 따른 급성독성평가

Acute Toxicity Evaluation of Loess-sulfur Complex in different pH

  • 백민경 (농촌진흥청 국립농업과학원 화학물질안전과) ;
  • 심창기 (농촌진흥청 국립농업과학원 유기농업과) ;
  • 이제봉 (농촌진흥청 국립농업과학원 화학물질안전과) ;
  • 오진아 (농촌진흥청 국립농업과학원 화학물질안전과) ;
  • 정미혜 (농촌진흥청 국립농업과학원 농자재평가과) ;
  • 김두호 (농촌진흥청 국립농업과학원 화학물질안전과) ;
  • 김민정 (농촌진흥청 국립농업과학원 유기농업과) ;
  • 지형진 (농촌진흥청 국립농업과학원 유기농업과) ;
  • 최은지 (농촌진흥청 국립농업과학원 화학물질안전과) ;
  • 조현조 (농촌진흥청 국립농업과학원 화학물질안전과)
  • Paik, Min-Kyoung (Chemical Safety Division, National Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration) ;
  • Shim, Chang-Ki (Organic Agriculture Division, National Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration) ;
  • Lee, Je-Bong (Chemical Safety Division, National Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration) ;
  • Oh, Jin-Ah (Chemical Safety Division, National Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration) ;
  • Jeong, Mi-Hye (Agro-Material Safety Evaluation Division, National Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration) ;
  • Kim, Doo-Ho (Chemical Safety Division, National Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration) ;
  • Kim, Min-Jeong (Organic Agriculture Division, National Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration) ;
  • Jee, Hyeong-Jin (Organic Agriculture Division, National Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration) ;
  • Choi, Eun-Ji (Chemical Safety Division, National Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration) ;
  • Cho, Hyeon-Jo (Chemical Safety Division, National Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration)
  • 투고 : 2012.09.15
  • 심사 : 2012.10.14
  • 발행 : 2012.12.31

초록

황토유황합제는 우리나라에서 농작물 생산에 살균살충작용을 가지는 것으로 알려져 친환경유기농자재로 널리 사용되고 있으나, 알칼리성이 강하여 작물에 약해를 보일 뿐 아니라 농업자의 피부 및 안점막에 자극성이 있는 것으로 보고되고 있어 제품으로서의 안전성에 대한 우려가 높다. 본 연구에서는 작물의 약해를 저감하기 위해 pH를 조정하여 제조한 황토유황합제 3종(pH 9, pH 10, pH 11)의 인축 급성독성시험을 시행하여 인체 안전성을 확인함으로써 친환경유기농자재 개발시 최적의 제품 선정에 기초자료로 활용하고자 하였다. 랫드를 이용한 급성경구독성시험 결과 황토유황합제는 $LD_{50}$이 2,000 mg/kg b.w. 이상이었으며, 급성경피독성시험 결과 또한 모두 4,000 mg/kg b.w. 이상인 저자극성으로 분류되었다. 피부 및 안점막자극성 시험 결과에서도 모두 저자극성으로 구분되었으며 pH 9~11 범위에서 제품간 독성분류의 차이는 나타나지 않았다.

Loess-sulfur complex has been widely used as an environmental friendly organic materials for insecticides and fungicides in crop cultivation. However, there are high concerns about skin and eye irritation for farm workers due to the high alkaline properties of loess-sulfur complex. The acute toxicity evaluation was conducted with three samples of loess-sulfur complex in different pH (pH 9, 10, 11) in order to supply the evidentiary data for selecting the optimal product among the test materials. The results of acute oral toxicity using rats showed $LD_{50}$ of over 2,000 mg/kg b.w. for all three samples of loess-sulfur complex. The calculated acute dermal $LD_{50}$ of all tested materials was over 4,000 mg/kg b.w.. The Skin and eye irritation indicated that all tested materials have no irritation. Consequently, it was suggested that loess-sulfur complex be low in acute toxicity at all different pH values (pH 9~11).

키워드

참고문헌

  1. Ahn, I. (2010). Setting of evaluation criteria for safety management of organic farming materials in the major OECD nations. Rural Development Administration (RDA) annual report. Korea.
  2. Barretine, B. F. and B. G. Ruffin (1958) Salt and gypsum as regulators of cottonseed meal intake, Miss. State Univ., Agri. Sta. Inform. Sheet. pp. 587.
  3. Bouchard, R. and H. R. Conrad (1973) Sulphur requirement of lactating dairy cows. . Utilization of sulphates, molasses and lingnin-sulfonate. J. Dairy Sci. 56:1429-1434. https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(73)85378-0
  4. Choi, G. H. and C. H. Kim. (2002) Growth inhibition of extract from sulfur fed duck carcass against various cancer cell lines, Korean J. Food Sci. Ani. Resour. 22(4):348-351.
  5. Coghlin, C. L. (1944) Hydrogen sulfide poisoning in cattle, Can. J. Comp. Med. 8:111-113.
  6. EC (2000) Commission Directive 2000/33/EEC of 25 April 2000 Adapting to technical progress for the 27th time council directive 67/548/EEC on the approximation of laws, regulations and administrative provisions relating to the classification, packaging and labeling of dangerous substances. Annex I. B40 Skin corrosion. Official Journal of the European Communities L136A, 91-97.
  7. EPA (1991) Sulfur RED facts, Pesticides and Toxic Substances (7508W), 738-F-91-110.
  8. Huh J. H. and J. K. Jeong (2007) Soil improver using base compounds extracted from natural minerals and nontoxic sulfur and a method for preparing the same, Patient of South Korea 1020070032719.
  9. Jung, J. W. (2008) Effects of Sulphur Application on the Growth characteristics of fruit vegetable. Kangwon National University.
  10. Kandylis, K. (1984) Toxicology of sulfur in ruminants. J. Dairy Sci. 67:2179-2187. https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(84)81564-7
  11. Kim, W. S., K. W. Lee, C. G. Lee, J. J. Choi, H. D. Lee, W. M. Yoo and K. C. Kyung (2011) Effects of Sulfur Spray in Northern-type Garlic (Allium Sativum L.), Kor. J. Hort. Sci. echnol. 29 (suppl. I). pp. 65.
  12. Kim, D. W., H. S. Lee and C. E. Jung (2008) Toxicity of the lime sulfur as a flower thinner ofapple the honey bee, Apis mellifera L. and other pollinateors, Korean J. Apiculture. 23(1):43-50.
  13. Lee, J. I., H. K. Min, J. W. Lee, J. D. Jeong, Y. J. Ha, S. C. Kwack and J. S. Park (2009) Changes in the Quality of Loin from Pigs Supplemented with Dietary Methyl Sulfonyl Methane during Cold Storage, Korean J. Food Sci. Ani. Resour. 29(2):229-237. https://doi.org/10.5851/kosfa.2009.29.2.229
  14. Lee, J. S., J. K. Kwon, S. H. Han, I. J. An, S. J. Kim, S. H. Lee, Y. S. Park, B. K. Park, B. W. Kim, S. K. Kim, I. H. Kim, C. S. Choi and J. Y. Jung (2010) Toxicity Study of Detoxification Sulphur at 3 Months Post-treatment in Rats, J. Fd Hyg. Safety. 25(3):263-268.
  15. OECD (1992) OECD Guideline for the testing of chemicals No. 404. Acute dermal irritation/corrosion. Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development: Paris.
  16. OMRI (Organic Materials Review Institute) (2012) OMRI Product List(web edition) www.omri.org
  17. Pakr K. H. (2011) A liquified mixing method of sulfur and EM(Effective Micro Organism) for preventing epidemic and exterminating of insect pests, and thereof a composite, Patient of South Korea 1020110042295.
  18. Rush, R. E., K. L. Bonnette, D. A. Douds and T. N. Merriman (1995) Dermal irritation and sensitization. In CRC Handbook of Toxicology: 2nd ed. Derelanko MJ, Hollinger MA, eds. CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL, USA.
  19. Shin, J.Y., K.H. Kim, C.S. Bae, S.H. Kim, D.H. Shin and J.C. Kim (2005) Acute toxicity evaluation of lemon grass (Cymbopogon citrates) essential oil in rats. Laboratory Animal Research. 21(2):122-128.
  20. Worth, A.P. and M. Balls (2001) The importance of the prediction model in the validation of alternative tests. Alternatives to Lavoratory Animals. 29:135-143.
  21. Worth, A. P. and M. T. D Cronin (2001) The use of pH measurements to predict the potential of chemicals to cause acute dermal and ocular toxicity. Toxicology. 169:119-131. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0300-483X(01)00494-2

피인용 문헌

  1. Evaluation of Hot Water Treatment and Loess-Sulfur Mixture for Disinfection of Watermelon Seeds for Organic Farming vol.22, pp.4, 2018, https://doi.org/10.7585/kjps.2018.22.4.276
  2. 유기농자재인 황토유황합제의 약해 경감 및 흰가루병 방제효과 vol.18, pp.4, 2012, https://doi.org/10.7585/kjps.2014.18.4.376
  3. 유황자재의 인삼 탄저병 억제효과 및 적정 살포 농도 vol.34, pp.1, 2012, https://doi.org/10.5338/kjea.2015.34.1.03
  4. 유기농업자재와 순지르기를 이용한 오이 노균병 방제 vol.24, pp.4, 2012, https://doi.org/10.11625/kjoa.2016.24.4.919
  5. Inhibitory effects of environment-friendly materials and defense response signaling chemicals against anthracnose occurrence in Jujube (Zizyphus jujuba Miller) vol.45, pp.3, 2018, https://doi.org/10.7744/kjoas.20180062
  6. Screening Resistant Cultivars Against Powdery Mildew, Phytophthora Rot, and Fusarium Wilt and Evaluation of Cooking Oil and Egg Yolk Plus and pH adjusted Loess-sulfur Mixture to Control Powdery Mildew vol.52, pp.5, 2012, https://doi.org/10.14397/jals.2018.52.5.31
  7. Bio-Sulfur Pre-Treatment Suppresses Anthracnose on Cucumber Leaves Inoculated with Colletotrichum orbiculare vol.47, pp.3, 2012, https://doi.org/10.1080/12298093.2019.1628522
  8. Research Status of Environmental Friendly Management for Korean Melon Powdery Mildew vol.24, pp.2, 2020, https://doi.org/10.7585/kjps.2020.24.2.136