한국전문물리치료학회지 (Physical Therapy Korea)

  • 제19권3호
  • /
  • Pages.105-114
  • /
  • 2012
  • /
  • 1225-8962(pISSN)
  • /
  • 2287-982X(eISSN)
한국전문물리치료학회 (Korean Research Society of Physical Therapy)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Comparison of the Muscle Activity of Lumbar Stabilizers Between Stoop and Semi-Squat Lifting Techniques at Different Lifting Loads

  • Yang, Hoe-Song (Dept. of Physical Therapy, College of Cheongam) ;
  • Kwon, Oh-Yun (Dept. of Physical Therapy, College of Health Science, Yonsei University/Dept. of Ergonomic Therapy, The Graduate School of Health and Environment, Yonsei University) ;
  • Lee, Yeon-Seop (Dept. of Physical Therapy, College of Cheongam)
  • 투고 : 2012.06.21
  • 심사 : 2012.08.29
  • 발행 : 2012.09.17
PDF 다운로드
⟨ 이전 논문 다음 논문 ⟩

초록

This study was performed to compare the muscle activity of lumbar stabilizers between stoop and semi-squat lifting techniques at different lifting loads. Twenty healthy subjects (9 males, 11 females) were recruited for this study. Muscle activity of external obliques (EO), internal obliques (IO) and lumbar multifidus (LM) muscle was measured by surface electromyography during stoop and semi-squat lifting at different lifting loads (10%, 20%, and 30% of the subject's body weight). A one-way repeated measure ANOVA was applied. The results showed that EMG activity of EO was significantly increased with a load of 30% of body weight compared to 10% and 20% of body weight in both lifting techniques (p<.05). Muscle activity of LM was significantly increased in 20% compared to 10% and 30% compared to 10% of subject's body weight in stoop lifting and the muscle activity of LM was significantly increased in 20% compared to 10%, 30% compared to 20%, and 30% compared to 10% of the subject's body weight in semi-squat lifting (p<.05). However, there was no significant difference in activity of IO according to lifting loads in both lifting techniques. There were no significant differences in muscle activity of EO, IO, and LM between stoop and semi-squat technique (p>.05). Therefore, the results of this study suggested that the EO can contribute to increase the lumbar stability during stoop and semi-squat lifting at 30% of body weight rather than at lower loads, and the LM seems to act as counteractor to imposed loads during stoop and semi-squat lifting with increasing loads.

키워드

참고문헌

  1. Barr KP, Griggs M, Cadby T. Lumbar stabilization: Core concepts and current literature, part 1. Am J Phys Med Rehabil. 2005;84(6):473-480. https://doi.org/10.1097/01.phm.0000163709.70471.42
  2. Beneck GJ, Kulig K. Multifidus atrophy is localized and bilateral in active persons with chronic unilateral low back pain. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2012;93(2):300-306. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apmr.2011.09.017
  3. Burgess-Limerick R. Squat, stoop, or something in between? Int J Ind Ergon. 2003;31(3):143-148. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0169-8141(02)00190-7
  4. Cholewicki J, Juluru K, McGill SM. Intra-abdominal pressure mechanism for stabilizing the lumbar spine. J Biomech. 1999;32(1):13-17. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9290(98)00129-8
  5. Cholewicki J, Simons AP, Radebold A. Effects of external trunk loads on lumbar spine stability. J Biomech. 2000;33(11):1377-1385. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9290(00)00118-4
  6. Chow DH, Cheng IY, Holmes AD, et al. Muscular and centre of pressure response to sudden release of load in symmetric and asymmetric stoop lifting tasks. Appl Ergon. 2005;36(1):13-24. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apergo.2004.10.001
  7. Cresswell AG. Thorstensson A. The role of the abdominal musculature in the elevation of the intra- abdominal pressure during specified tasks. Ergonomics. 1989;32:1237-1246. https://doi.org/10.1080/00140138908966893
  8. Cresswell AG, Oddsson L, Thorstensson A, The influence of sudden perturbations on trunk muscle activity and intraabdominal pressure while standing. Exp Brain Res. 1994;98:336-341.
  9. Davidson KL, Hubley-Kozey C. Trunk muscle responses to demands of an exercise progression to improve dynamic spinal stability. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2005;86(2):216-223. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apmr.2004.04.029
  10. Delitto RS, Rose SJ. An electromyographic analysis of two techiques for squat lifting and lowering. Phys Ther. 1992;72(6):438-448.
  11. Dolan P, Adams MA. The relationship between EMG activity and extensor moment generation in the erector spinae muscles during bending and lifting activities. J Biomech. 1993;26(4-5):513-522. https://doi.org/10.1016/0021-9290(93)90013-5
  12. Faber GS, Kingma I, Bruijn SM, et al. Optimal inertial sensor location for ambulatory measurement of trunk inclination. J Biomech. 2009;42(14):2406-2409. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbiomech.2009.06.024
  13. Ferguson SA, Marras WS. A literature review of low back disorder surveillance measures and risk factors. Clin Biomech (Bristol, Avon). 1997;12(4):211-226. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0268-0033(96)00073-3
  14. Ferreira PH, Ferreira ML, Hodges PW. Changes in recruitment of the abdominal muscles in people with low back pain. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 2004;29(22):2560-2566. https://doi.org/10.1097/01.brs.0000144410.89182.f9
  15. Freeman MD, Woodham MA, Woodham AW. The role of the lumbar multifidus in chronic low back pain: A review. PM R. 2010;2(2):142-146. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pmrj.2009.11.006
  16. Gardner-Morse MG, Stokes IA. The effects of abdominal muscle coactivation on lumbar spine stability. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 1998;23(1):86-91. https://doi.org/10.1097/00007632-199801010-00019
  17. Granata KP, Marras WS. The influence of trunk muscle coactivity on dynamic spinal loads. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 1995;20:913-919. https://doi.org/10.1097/00007632-199504150-00006
  18. Granata KP, Orishimo KF. Response of trunk muscle coactivation to changes in spinal stability. J. Biomech. 2001;34(9):1117-1123. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9290(01)00081-1
  19. Hagen KB, Hallen J, Harms-Ringdahl K. Physiological and subjective responses to maximal repetitive lifting employing stoop and squat technique. Eur J Appl Physiol Occup Physiol. 1993;67(4):291-297. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00357625
  20. Hides JA, Stanton WR, McMahon S, et al. Effect of stabilization training on multifidus muscle cross-sectional area among young elite cricketers with low back pain. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther. 2008;38(3):101-108. https://doi.org/10.2519/jospt.2008.2658
  21. Hodges PW. Gandervia SC. Activation of the human diaphragm during a repetitive postural task. J physiol. 2000;522:165-175. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7793.2000.t01-1-00165.xm
  22. Hodges PW, Eriksson AE, Shirley D, et al. Intra-abdominal pressure increases stiffness of the lumbar spine. J Biomech. 2005;38(9):1873-1880. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbiomech.2004.08.016
  23. Hwang S, Kim Y, Kim Y. H. Lower extremity joint kinetics and lumbar curvature during squat and stoop lifting. BMC Musculoskelet Disord. 2009;2:10-15.
  24. Kingma I, Bosch T, Bruins L, et al. Foot positioning instruction, initial vertical load position and lifting technique: Effects on low back loading. Ergonomics. 2004;47(13):1365-1385. https://doi.org/10.1080/00140130410001714742
  25. Kisner C, Colby LA. Therapeutic Exercise: Foundations and techniques 5th. Philadelphia, F.A. Davis Company. 2007;256-258.
  26. KOSHA. Industrial Accident Cause Investigation. 2010. http://www.kosha.or.kr
  27. Lariviere C, Gagnon D, Loisel PA. Biomechanical comparison of lifting techniques between subjects with and without chronic low back pain during freestyle lifting and lowering task. Clin Biomech (Bristol, Avon). 2002;17(2):89-98. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0268-0033(01)00106-1
  28. Lavender SA, Tsuang YH, Andersson GB, et al. Trunk muscle cocontraction: The effects of moment direction and moment magnitude. J Orthop Res. 1992;10(5):691-700. https://doi.org/10.1002/jor.1100100511
  29. Lee HI, Song J, Lee HS, et al. Association between cross-sectional areas of lumbar muscles on magnetic resonance imaging and chronicity of low back pain. Ann Rehabil Med. 2011;35(6): 852-859. https://doi.org/10.5535/arm.2011.35.6.852
  30. McGill SM. A revised anatomical model of the abdominal musculature for torso flexion efforts. J Biomech. 1996;29(7):973-977. https://doi.org/10.1016/0021-9290(95)00148-4
  31. McGill SM. Low Back Disorders: Evidence based prevention and rehabilitation. Human kinetics publishers, Champaign, IL. 2002:230-239.
  32. Murtezani A, Ibraimi Z, Sllamniku S, et al. Prevalence and risk factors for low back pain in industrial workers. Folia Med (Plovdiv). 2011;53 (3):68-74. https://doi.org/10.2478/v10153-011-0060-3
  33. Nordin M, Ortengren R, Andersson GB. Measurements of trunk movements during work. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 1984;9(5):465-469. https://doi.org/10.1097/00007632-198407000-00008
  34. Norris CM. Spinal stabilisation: 3. Satabilisation mechanisms of the lumbar spine. Physiotherapy. 1995;81(2):72-79. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9406(05)67048-4
  35. Olson MW. Trunk muscle activation during sub-maximal extension efforts. Man Ther. 2010; 15(1):105-110. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.math.2009.08.005
  36. Panjabi MM, Abumi K, Duranceau J, et al. Spinal stability and intersegmental muscle forces. A bioimechanical model. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 1989;14(2);194-200. https://doi.org/10.1097/00007632-198902000-00008
  37. Panjabi MM. The stabilizing system of the spine. Part 1. Function, dysfunction, adaptation, and enhancement. J Spinal Disord. 1992;5(4):383-389. https://doi.org/10.1097/00002517-199212000-00001
  38. Richardson CA, Hodges PW, Hides J. Therapeutic Exercise for Lumbopelvic Stabilization. In: A motor control approach for the treatment and prevention of low back pain. 2nd ed. Edinburgh, Churchill Livingstone. 2004:30-40.
  39. Silfies SP, Squillante D, Maurer P, et al. Trunk muscle recruitment patterns in specific chronic low back pain populations. Clin Biomech (Bristol, Avon). 2005;20(5):465-473. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clinbiomech.2005.01.007
  40. Sitilertpisan P, Pirunsan U, Puangmali A, et al. Comparison of lateral abdominal muscle thickness between weightlifters and matched controls. Phys Ther Sport. 2011;12(4):171-174. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ptsp.2011.02.002
  41. Straker L. Evidence to support using squat, semi-squat and stoop techniques to lift low-lying objects. Int J Ind Ergon. 2003;31(3):149-160. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0169-8141(02)00191-9
  42. Tan JC, Parnianpour M, Nordin M, et al. Isometric maximal and submaximal trunk extension at different flexed positions in standing: Triaxial torque output and EMG. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 1993;18(16):2480-2490. https://doi.org/10.1097/00007632-199312000-00018
  43. Tesh KM, Dunn JS, Evans JH. The abdominal muscles and vertebral stability. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 1987;12:501-508. https://doi.org/10.1097/00007632-198706000-00014
  44. Teyhen DS, Miltenberger CE, Deiters HM, et al. The use of ultrasound imaging of the abdominal drawing-in maneuver in subjects with low back pain. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther. 2005;35(6): 346-355. https://doi.org/10.2519/jospt.2005.35.6.346
  45. Urquhart DM, Hodges PW, Allen TJ, et al. Abdominal muscle recruitment during a range of voluntary exercises. Man Ther. 2005;10(2): 144-153. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.math.2004.08.011
  46. van Dieen JH, Hoozemans MJ, Toussaint HM. Stoop or squat: A review of biomechanical studies on lifting technique. Clin Biomech (Bristol, Avon). 1999;14(10):685-696. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0268-0033(99)00031-5
  47. van Dieen JH, Kingma I, van der Bug P. Evidence for a role of antagonistic cocontraction in controlling trunk stiffness during lifting. J Biomech. 2003;36(12):1829-1836. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9290(03)00227-6
  48. Sanchez-Zuriaga D, Vera-Garcia FJ, Moreside JM, et al. Trunk muscle activation patterns and spine kinematics when using an oscillating blade: Influence of different postures and blade orientations. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2009;90(6): 1055-1060. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apmr.2008.12.015
  49. Wilke HJ, Wolf S, Claes LE, et al. Stability increase of the lumbar spine with different muscle groups. A biomechanical in vitro study. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 1995;20(2):192-198. https://doi.org/10.1097/00007632-199501150-00011
  50. Yoon J, Shiekhzadeh A, Nordin M. The effect of load weight vs. pace on muscle recruitment during lifting. Appl Ergon. 2012;43(6):1044-1050. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apergo.2012.03.004