References
- Allen, S. H. (1994). Exercise considerations for postmenopausal women with osteoporosis. American College of Rheumatology, 7(4), 205-214.
- Bezza, A., Ouzzif, Z., Naji, H., Achemlal, L., Mounach, A., Nouijiai, M., et al. (2008). Prevalence and risk factors of osteoporosis in patients with Parkinson's disease. Rheumatology International, 28(12), 1205 -1209. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00296-008-0632-6
- Bikle, D. D. (2008). Integrins, insulin like growth factors, and the skeletal response to load. Osteoporosis International, 19(3), 1237-1246. http://dx.doi.org/ 10.1007/s00198-008-0597-z
- Bloem, B. R., Grimbergen, Y. A., Cramer, M., Willemsen, M., & Zwinderman, A. H. (2001). Prospective assessment of falls in Parkinson's disease. Journal of Neurology, 248(11), 950-958. https://doi.org/10.1007/s004150170047
-
Chapuy, M. C., Arlot, M. E., Duboeuf, F., Brun, J., Crouzet, B., Arnaud, S., et al. (1992). Vitamin
$D_{3}$ and calcium to prevent hip fractures in the elderly women. The New England Journal of Medicine, 327, 1637-1642. http://dx.doi.org/10.1056/NEJM199212033272305 - Di Monaco, M., Vallero, F., Di Monaco, R., Tappero, R., & Cavanna, A. (2006). Bone mineral density in hip-fracture patients with Parkinson's disease: a case-control study. Archives of Physical Medicine Rehabilitation, 87, 1459-1462. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apmr.2006.07.265
- Evatt, M. L., Delong, M. R., Khazai, N., Rosen, A., Triche, S., & Tangricha, V. (2008). Prevalence of vitamin D insufficiency in patients with Parkinson's disease and Alzheimer disease. Archives of Neurology, 65, 1348-1352. https://doi.org/10.1001/archneur.65.10.1348
- Fahn, S., & Elton, R. L. (2000). Unified Parkinson's disease rating scale. In S. Fahn, C. D. Marsden, D. Calne, & M. Goldstein (Ed). Recent developments in Parkinson's disease.(153-163). New York: Macmillan Health Care Information.
- Fernandez, M. C., Parisi, M. S., Diaz, S. P., Mastaglia, S. R., Deferrari, J. M., Seijo, M., et al. (2009). A pilot study on the impact of body composition on bone and mineral metabolism in Parkinson's disease. Parkinsonism & Related Disorder, 13, 355-358. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.parkreldis.2006.12.010
- Grimbergen, Y. A., Munneke, M., & Bloem, B. R. (2004). Falls in Parkinson's disease. Current Opinion in Neurology, 17(4), 405-415. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.wco.0000137530.68867.93
- Hoehn, M. M., & Yahr, M. D. (1967). Parkinsonism: Onset, progression, and mortality. Neurology, 17, 427-442. https://doi.org/10.1212/WNL.17.5.427
- Invernizzi, M., Carda, S., Viscontini., G. S., & Cisari, C. (2009). Osteoporosis in Parkinson's disease. Parkinsonism & Related Disorders, 15(5), 339-346. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.parkreldis.2009.02.009
- Ishizaki, F., Harada, T., Katayama, S., Abe, H., & Nakamura, S. (1993). Relationships between osteopenia and clinical characteristics of Parkinson's disease. Movement Disorder, 8, 507-511. https://doi.org/10.1002/mds.870080416
- Johnell, O., Melton, L. J., Atkinson, E. J., O'Fallon, M., Kurland, L. T. (1992). Fracture risk in patient with Parkinsonism: A population-based study in Olmsted county, Minnesota. Age and Ageing, 21(1), 32-38. https://doi.org/10.1093/ageing/21.1.32
- Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2007). Prevalence of Parkinson's disease. Seoul: Author.
- Kamanli, A., Ardicoglu, O., Ozgocmen, S., & Yoldas, T. K. (2008). Bone mineral density in patients with Parkinson's disease. Aging Clinical and Experimental Research, 20, 277-289. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03324774
- Lee, S. H. (2008). Hyperhomocysteinemia due to levodopa treatment as a risk factor osteoporosis in patients with Parkinson's disease. Unpublished master thesis, Ulsan University, Ulsan.
- Lorefalt, B., Ganowiak, W., Palhagen, S., Toss, G., Unosson, M., & Granerus, A, K. (2004). Factors of importance for weight loss in elderly patients with Parkinson's disease. Acta Neurologica Scandinavica, 110(3), 180-187. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0404.2004.00307.x
- Sato, Y., Kaji, M., Tsuru, T., & Oizumi, K. (2001). Risk factors for hip fracture among elderly patients with Parkinson's disease. Journal of Neurology Science, 182, 89-93. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-510X(00)00458-5
- Sato, Y., Kikuyama, M., & Oizumi, K. (1997). High prevalence of vitamin D deficiency and reduced bone mass in Parkinson's disease. American Academy Neurology, 49, 1273-1278.
- Schneider, J. L., Fink, H. A., Ewing, S. K., Ensrud, K. E., & Cummings, S. R. (2008). The association of Parkinson's disease with bone mineral density and fracture in older women. Osteoporosis International, 19(7), 1093-1097. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00198-008-0583-5
- Taggart, H., & Crawford, V. (1995). Reduced bone density of the hip in elderly patients with Parkinson's disease. Age & Ageing, 24(4), 326-328. https://doi.org/10.1093/ageing/24.4.326
- Vaserman, N. (2005). Parkinson's disease and osteoporosis. Joint Bone Spine, 72(6), 484-488. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jbspin.2004.04.012
- Wood, B., & Walker, R. (2005). Osteoporosis in Parkinson's disease. Movement Disorders, 20(12), 1636-1640. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mds.20643