DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Physiological Changes in Jeju Crossbred Riding Horses by Swim Training

  • Kang, Ok-Deuk (Division of Biotechnology, Jeju National University) ;
  • Ryu, Youn-Chul (Division of Biotechnology, Jeju National University) ;
  • Yun, Young-Min (College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeju National University) ;
  • Kang, Min-Soo (Division of Biotechnology, Jeju National University)
  • Received : 2011.09.02
  • Accepted : 2011.10.31
  • Published : 2012.02.01

Abstract

The changes in physiologic parameters by swim exercise duration were examined in five female well-trained Jeju crossbred riding horses that had riding experience of more than three years without swim training experience. The horses were performed with swim exercise for 10 min (60.0 m/min) once a day for 14 days. Physiologic characteristics and haematic parameters were measured before swimming, immediately after swimming, and after a 10 min rest at first day ($D_0$), 7 days ($D_7$), and 14 days ($D_{14}$) of training. After 14 days of swim training, heart rate (p<0.05), blood glucose (p<0.05), lactate concentration (p<0.001), packed cell volume (p<0.01), and hemoglobin (p<0.01) measured immediately after swim and after 10 min rest showed significant lower values than those of $D_0$. The results illustrate the benefits of swim training for riding horses and the need for the establishment of swimming routines of appropriate duration and intensity to maximize the advantages of swim training.

Keywords

References

  1. Asheim, A., O. Knudsen, A. Lindholm, C. Rülcker and B. Saltin. 1970. Heart rate and blood lactate concentrations of standardbred horses during training and racing. J. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc. 157:304-312.
  2. Davie, A., C. J. Savage and L. Fennell. 2008. The effect of swimming training on the cardiac dimensions in thoroughbred horses. Rural Industries Research and Development Corporation. RIRDC Publication, Australia, pp. 3-11.
  3. Fagard, R. 2003. Education in heart: Athlete's heart. Heart 89: 1455-1461. https://doi.org/10.1136/heart.89.12.1455
  4. Ferraz, G. C., A. R. Teixeira-Neto, F. H. F. D'Angelis, J. C. Lacerda-Neto and A. Queiroz-Neto. 2007. Effect of acute administration of clenbuterol on athletic performance in horses. J. Equine Vet. Sci. 27:446-449. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jevs.2007.09.001
  5. Ferraz, G. C., F. H. F. D'Angelis, A. R. Teixeira-Neto, D. V. V. Freitas, J. C. Lacerda-Neto and A. Queiroz-Neto. 2008. Blood lactate threshold reflects glucose responses in horses submitted to incremental exercise test. Arquivo Brasileiro de Medicina Veterinaria 60:256-259. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0102-09352008000100035
  6. Gondim, F. J., C. C. Zoppi, L. Pereira-da-Silva and D. V. de Macedo. 2007. Determination of the anaerobic threshold and maximal lactate steady state speed in equines using the lactate minimum speed protocol. Comp. Biochem. Physiol. 146:375-380. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cbpa.2006.11.002
  7. Hobo, S., K. Yoshida and T. Yoshihara. 1998. Characteristics of respiratory function during swimming exercise in thoroughbreds. J. Vet. Med. Sci. 60:687-689. https://doi.org/10.1292/jvms.60.687
  8. Jones, J. H., K. S. Cox, T. Takahashi, A. Hiraga, T. B. Yarbrough and J. R. Pascoe. 2002. Heterogeneity of intrapleural pressures during exercise. Equine Vet. J. 34:391-396.
  9. Kang, O. D., Y. C. Ryu, Y. M. Yun and M. S. Kang. 2011. Effects of cooldown methods and durations on equine physiological traits following high-intensity exercise. Livest. Sci. (In press).
  10. Knudsen, D. M. and P. F. Jrgensen. 2000. Swimming training in horses compared with racing or riding training. J. Dansk Veterinærtidsskrift 83:6-10.
  11. Lindner, A., H. Mosen, S. Kissenbeck, H. Fuhrmann and H. P. Sallmann. 2009. Effect of blood lactate-guided conditioning of horses with exercises of differing durations and intensities on heart rate and biochemical blood variables. J. Anim. Sci. 87: 3211-3217. https://doi.org/10.2527/jas.2009-2001
  12. Misumi, K., H. Sakamoto and R. Shimizu. 1994. The validy of swimming training for two-year old thoroughbreds. J. Vet. Med. Sci. 56:217-222. https://doi.org/10.1292/jvms.56.217
  13. Misumi, K., H. Sakamoto and R. Shimizu. 1995. Changes in skeletal muscle composition in response to swimming training for young horses. J. Vet. Med. Sci. 57:959-961. https://doi.org/10.1292/jvms.57.959
  14. Piccione, G., G. Giannetto, F. Fazio, S. Di Mauro and G. Caola. 2007. Haematological response to different workload in jumper horses. Bulgarian J. Vet. Med. 10:21-28.
  15. Piccione, G., V. Messina, S. Casella, C. Giannetto and G. Caola. 2010. Blood lactate levels during exercise in athletic horses. Comp. Clin. Path. 19:535-539. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00580-010-0965-x
  16. Pluim, B. M., A. H. Zwinderman, A. van der Laarse and E. E. van der Wall. 2000. The athlete's heart. A meta analysis of cardiac structure and function. Am. Heart Assoc. 101:336-344.
  17. Thomas, D. P., F. Fregin, N. H. Gerber and N. B. Ailes. 1980. Cardiorespiratory adjustments to tethered swimming in the horse. Pflugers Archiv European J. Physiol. 385:65-70. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00583916
  18. Toubekis, A. G., A. Tsolaki, L. Smilios, H. T. Douda, T. Kourtesis and S. P. Tokmakidis. 2008. Swimming performance after passive and active recovery of various durations. Int. J. Sports Physiol. Perform. 3:375-386.
  19. Waran, N. 2002. The welfare of horses: Welfare of the racehorse during exercise training and racing. In: Kluwer Academic publishers (Ed. D. L. Evans). Netherlands, p. 197.
  20. Westerblad, H. and D. Allen. 2003. Cellular mechanisms of skeletal muscle fatigue. Advance in Experimental Medicine and Biology 538:563-570. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-9029-7_50
  21. Young, L. E., D. J. Marlin, C. Deaton, H. Brown-Feltner, C. A. Roberts and J. L. N. Wood. 2002. Heart size estimated by echocardiography correlates with maximal oxygen uptake. Equine Exercise Physiology 6. Equine Vet. J. Suppl. 34:467-471.

Cited by

  1. Effect of age on heart rate, blood lactate concentration, packed cell volume and hemoglobin to exercise in Jeju crossbreed horses vol.59, pp.1, 2017, https://doi.org/10.1186/s40781-017-0126-8
  2. A survey of trainers on the use of swimming and other water-based exercise for Thoroughbred racehorses in Australia vol.15, pp.3, 2012, https://doi.org/10.3920/cep190012