KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research (대한토목학회논문집)

Korean Society of Civil Engeneers (대한토목학회)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Determination of Resistance Coefficients Using Field Measurements in Natural Rivers

자연하천 현장자료를 이용한 저항계수의 결정

  • 이종석 (한밭대학교 토목공학과)
  • Received : 2011.12.07
  • Accepted : 2012.03.06
  • Published : 2012.04.30
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

This study is derived relationships of the resistance coefficients of Darcy-Weisbach and Manning for flow resistance and the dimensionless velocity using many field measurements for 1,875 rivers consist of sand 179, gravel 992, cobble 651 and boulder 53 channels in natural rivers, respectively. The relationships of power law forms are developed as a function of flow discharge, friction slope, and relative submergence by the regression and the semi-empirical method. The measurements distribution of Manning resistance coefficients by the Box-Whisker Plots show the values which ranges from 0.004~0.151 for sand, 0.008~0.250 for gravel, 0.015~0.327 for cobble, 0.023~0.444 for boulder in natural rivers, respectively. Relationships of these semi-empirical and resistance coefficients will be useful to give information in hydraulic engineering.

본 연구는 자연하천의 모래 179개, 자갈 992개, 조약돌 651개, 호박돌 53개 수로로 구성된 현장실측 1,875개 하천자료를 사용하여 흐름 저항에 대한 Darcy-Weisbach 마찰계수와 Manning의 조도계수 및 무차원 유속의 관계식을 각각 유도하였다. 멱함수 형의 이들 관계식은 유량, 수로경사 및 상대 잠수비에 대한 함수식으로 회귀분석과 반 경험적 방법에 의해 제안하였다. Box-Whisker 분석에 의한 Manning 조도계수의 실측치 분포는 각각 모래자료에서 0.004~0.151, 자갈자료에서 0.008~0.250, 조약돌 자료에서 0.015~0.327 및 호박돌 자료에서 0.023~0.444로 나타났다. 이들 반 경험적 관계식과 저항계수는 수공분야의 정보제공에 유용하게 사용될 것이다.

Keywords

References

  1. Ab Ghani, A., Zakaria, N.A., Chang, C.K., Ariffin, J., Abu, H.Z. and Ghaffar, A. (2007) Revised equations for Manning's coefficient for sand-bed rivers. JBM., IAHR, Vol. 5, No. 4, pp. 329-346.
  2. Aldridge, B.N. and Garrett, J.M. (1973) Roughness coefficients for streams in Arizona. USGS Open-File Report, 87p.
  3. Annable, W.K. (1996) Database of morphologic characteristics of watercourse in Southern Ontario. Ontario, Ministry of Natural Resources.
  4. Barnes, H.H. (1967) Roughness characteristics of natural channels. USGS Water-Supply, Paper 1849, Washington, 213p.
  5. Benson, M.A. and Dalrymple, T. (1967) General field and office procedures for indirect discharge measurements. USGS Techniques of Water Resources Investigations, 30p.
  6. Bray, D.I. (1979) Estimating average velocity in gravel-bed rivers. J. Hydraul. Div., Vol. 105, No. 9, pp. 1103-1122.
  7. Bray, D.I. and Davar, K.S. (1987) Resistance to flow in gravel-bed rivers. CJCE, Vol. 14, No. 1, pp. 77-86. https://doi.org/10.1139/l87-010
  8. Chezy, A. (1769) Developed and verified by experiments made on an earthen channel. the Courpalet Canal, and on the Seine River.
  9. Chow, V.T. (1959) Open-Channel Hydraulics. McGraw-Hill, New York.
  10. Cowan, W.L. (1956) Estimating hydraulic roughness coefficients. Agric. Eng., Vol. 37, No. 7, pp. 473-475.
  11. Darcy, H. (1857) Recherches exprimentales relatives an mouvemwntmouvemwnt de l'eau dans les tuyaux. Mallet-Bachelier, Paris, 268 and atlas (in French).
  12. Gillen, D.F. (1996) Determination of roughness coefficients for streams in West-Central Florida: Tampa. USGS, Open-File report OFR-96-226.
  13. Griffiths, G.A. (1981) Flow resistance in coarse gravel bed rivers. J. Hydraul Div., Vol. 107, No. 7, pp. 899-918.
  14. Hicks, D.M. and Mason, P.D. (1998) Roughness characteristics of New Zealand rivers. National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research Ltd, New Zealand.
  15. Jarrett, R.D. (1984) Hydraulics of high-gradient streams. J. Hydraul Eng., Vol. 110, No. 11, pp. 1519-1539. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9429(1984)110:11(1519)
  16. Jarrett, R.D. (1985) Determination of roughness coefficients for streams in Colorado. USGS, WRI Report 85-4004.
  17. Jobson, H.E. and Froehlich, D.C. (1988) Basic hydraulic principles of open-channel flow. USGS, Open-File Report 88-707.
  18. Julien, P.Y. (2002) River Mechanics. Cambridge University Press.
  19. Julien, P.Y. (2010) Erosion and Sedimentation. 2nd edition, Cambridge University Press.
  20. Lane, E.W. and Carlson, E.J. (1953) Some factors affecting the stability of canals constructed in coarse granular materials, Proc. IAHR, 5th Congress, Minneapolis.
  21. Lang, S., Ladson, A., Anderson, B., and Rutherford, I. (2004) An Australian handbook of stream roughness coefficients, Stream roughness. Four case studies from Victoria, AJWR.
  22. Lee, J.S. (2010) River Engineering and Design. SRP (in Korean).
  23. Lee, J.S. and Julien, P.Y. (2006) Downstream hydraulic geometry of alluvial channels. J. Hydraul Eng., Vol. 132, No. 12, 1347-1352. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9429(2006)132:12(1347)
  24. Lpez, R., Spain, L., and Barragn, J. (2008) Equivalent roughness of gravel-bed rivers. J. Hydraul. Engr., Vol. 134, No. 6, pp. 847-851. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9429(2008)134:6(847)
  25. Michael, F., David, C., and Hoaglin, B.I. (1989) Some implementations of the boxplot. The American Statistician, Vol. 43, No. 1, pp. 50-54.
  26. Limerinos, J.T. (1970) Determination of the Manning coefficient for measured bed toughness in natural channels. Water Supply paper 1898-B, USGS, Washington D.C.
  27. Manning, R. (1889) On the flow of water in open channels and pipes. Trans., Inst. of Civil Engrs. of Ireland, Dublin, Ireland, Vol. 20, pp. 161-166.
  28. Meyer-Peter, E. and Mller, R. (1948) Formulas for bed-load transport. Proc. IAHR, Third Annual Conference, Stockholm, Sweden, pp. 39-64.
  29. Phillips, J.V. and Ingersoll, T.L. (1998) Verification of roughness coefficients for selected natural and constructed stream channels in Arizona. USGS, Professional Paper 1584.
  30. Rousseeuw, P.J., Ruts, I., and Tukey, J.W. (1999) The bagplot: A bivariate oxplot. The American Statistician, Vol. 53, No. 4, pp. 382-387.
  31. Soong, D.T., Halfar, T.M., and Prater, C.D. (2009) Estimating Manning's roughness coefficients for natural and man-made streams in Illinois. U.S. Department of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey.
  32. Strickler, A. (1923) Beitrage zur frage der geschwindigkeitsformel und der rauhigkeitszahlen fur strome, kanale und geschlossene leitungen. Mitteilungen des Eidgenossischen Amtes fur Wasserwirtschaft 16, Bern, Switzerland.
  33. Tukey, J.W. (1977) Exploratory Data Analysis. Addison-Wesley.
  34. Wang, C. and Wang, P. (2007) Hydraulic resistance characteristics of riparian reed zone in river. J. Hydro. Engr., Vol. 2, No. 3, pp. 267-272.
  35. Yang, S.Q. and Tan, S.K. (2008) Flow resistance over mobile bed in an open-channel flow. J. Hydraul. Engr., Vol. 134, No. 7, pp. 937-947. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9429(2008)134:7(937)
  36. Yen, B.C. (2002) Open channel flow resistance. J. Hydraul Eng., Vol. 128, No. 1, pp. 20-39. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9429(2002)128:1(20)