Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry (대한소아치과학회지)

Korean Academy of Pediatric Dentistry (대한소아치과학회)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

EFFECTS OF MOUTH BREATHING ON FACIAL SKELETAL MORPHOLOGY

구호흡이 안모골격 형태에 미치는 영향

  • Lee, Min-Jeong (Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Institute of Oral Bioscience, School of Dentistry, Chonbuk National University) ;
  • Kim, Jae-Gon (Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Institute of Oral Bioscience, School of Dentistry, Chonbuk National University) ;
  • Yang, Yeon-Mi (Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Institute of Oral Bioscience, School of Dentistry, Chonbuk National University) ;
  • Baik, Byeong-Ju (Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Institute of Oral Bioscience, School of Dentistry, Chonbuk National University)
  • 이민정 (전북대학교 치의학전문대학원 소아치과학교실 및 구강생체과학연구소) ;
  • 김재곤 (전북대학교 치의학전문대학원 소아치과학교실 및 구강생체과학연구소) ;
  • 양연미 (전북대학교 치의학전문대학원 소아치과학교실 및 구강생체과학연구소) ;
  • 백병주 (전북대학교 치의학전문대학원 소아치과학교실 및 구강생체과학연구소)
  • Received : 2012.07.23
  • Accepted : 2012.11.14
  • Published : 2012.11.30
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

There still remains a controversial debate whether facial skeletal morphological differences exist between patients with nasal and mouth breathing habits. The aim of this study is to assess a relationship between over a period of time mouth breathing and facial skeletal morphology by analyzing lateral cephalometric radiographs of patients with nasal or mouth breathing habits. A total of 120 patients with skeletal class I, II, and III, who had undergone orthodontic diagnosis in department of pediatric dentistry - chonbuk national university, were chosen and their lateral cephalometric radiographs were analyzed. These patients were divided into six groups of 20, each with or without mouth breathing habits. The result of this study has not showed noticeable differences in cephalometric measurements between nasal and mouth breathing children of skeletal class I, II, and III (p > 0.05). However, when the groups were divided by age factor, mouth breathers of age 12 and older showed significant differences in cephalometrics such as decreased ramus height, maxillary retrusion, and clockwise pattern of mandible than children under age 12 (p < 0.05). In conclusion, a longer period of mouth-breathing habits in children displayed a greater chance of impaired facial growth.

이 연구는 장기간의 호흡 양상이 성장기의 안모골격 형태에 미치는 영향을 알아보고자, 전북대학교 소아치과에 내원하여 교정 진단을 받은 환자 중, 골격성 I, II, III급 부정교합자들을 비호흡자와 구호흡자로 각각 20명씩 나누어 총 120명을 선택하였다. 측모두부규격방사선사진으로 기도공간과 안모골격 형태를 분석하여 연령별로 평가한 결과, 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 골격성 I, II, III급 부정교합에서 비호흡자와 구호흡자를 비교한 결과, 안모골격 형태를 분석한 항목에서 유의한 차이를 발견할 수 없었다(p > 0.05). 그러나 12세 이상에서 골격성 I급 부정교합의 비호흡자가 구호흡자에 비해 Ad-S가 유의성 있게 증가하였고, H-Pc는 유의성 있게 감소하였다. 또한 골격성 II급 부정교합의 비호흡자는 구호흡자에 비해 Ar-Go가 유의성 있게 증가하였고, ML-NSL은 유의성 있게 감소하였다. 골격성 III급 부정교합자에서는 구호흡자가 비호흡자에 비해 SNA, SNB가 유의성 있게 감소하였다(p < 0.05). 골격성 I, II, III급 부정교합에 따른 호흡 양상과 안모골격 형태는 큰 연관성을 보이지 않았으나 구호흡을 하는 12세 이상의 골격성 II급 부정교합자에서 하악지의 길이 성장이 저해되고, 전안면 고경이 증가하였으며, 골격성 III급 부정교합에서는 상악골 성장 저해 및 하악의 시계방향 회전 경향이 유의성을 보이므로, 장기간 구호흡이 지속되는 경우 안모골격 형태에 악영향을 미칠 수 있다.

Keywords

References

  1. Rubin RM : Mode of respiration and facial growth. Am J Orthod, 78:504-510, 1980. https://doi.org/10.1016/0002-9416(80)90301-2
  2. Moss ML, Salentijin L : The primary role of functional matrices in facial growth. Am J Orthod, 55:566-577, 1969. https://doi.org/10.1016/0002-9416(69)90034-7
  3. Ogura JH, dammkoehler R, Nelson Jr, et al. : Nasal obstruction and the mechanics of breathing. Physiologic relationships and the effects of nasal surgery. Arch Otolaryngol, 82:135-150, 1966.
  4. Miller AJ : Electromyography of craniofacial musculature during oral respiration in the rhesus monkey. Arch Oral Biol, 23:145-152, 1978. https://doi.org/10.1016/0003-9969(78)90210-8
  5. Harari D, Redlich M, Miri S, et al. : The effect of mouth breathing versus nasal breathing on dentofacial and craniofacial development in orthodontic paients. Laryngoscope, 120:2089-2093, 2010. https://doi.org/10.1002/lary.20991
  6. Song YJ, Kim HJ, Nam SH, et al. : Hyoid bone position in class I, II and III malocclusions. J Korean Acad Pediatr Dent, 26:564-571, 1999.
  7. Stefanescu IM, Zetu I, Rusu M : News on prevalence of vicious habits in children. Rev Med Chir Soc Med Nat Ias, 115:1258-1261, 2011.
  8. Graber TM : Thumb and finger sucking. Am J Orthod, 45:258-264, 1959. https://doi.org/10.1016/0002-9416(59)90084-3
  9. Mosey PA : The heritability of malocclusion: part 2 the influence of genetics in malocclusion. Br J Orthod, 26:195-203, 1999. https://doi.org/10.1093/ortho/26.3.195
  10. Woodside DG, Linder-Aronson S. : The channelization of upper and lower anterior face heights compared to population standard in males between ages 6 to 20 years. Erup J Orthod, 1:25-40, 1979. https://doi.org/10.1093/ejo/1.1.25
  11. Meredith GM : The airway and dentofacial development. Ear Nose Throat J, 66:190-194, 1987.
  12. Warren DW : Effect of airway obstruction upon facial growth. Otolaryngol Clin North Am, 23:699-712, 1990.
  13. Bernardo Q, Giovana B, Marcelo Q, et al. : Prevalence of malocclusion among mouth breathing children : Do expectations meet reality? Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol, 73:767-773, 2009. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijporl.2009.02.006
  14. Pellan P : Naso-respiratory impairment and development of dento-skeletal sequelae: a comprehensive review. Int J Orthod Milwaukee, 16:9-12, 2005.
  15. Leech HL : A clinical analysis of orofacial morphology and behavior of 500 patients attending an upper respiratory research clinic. Dent Pract dent Rec, 9:57-68, 1958.
  16. Gwynne EE : Discussion on upper respiratory clinic for children. Proc R Soc Med, 38:535-544, 1945.
  17. Emslie RD, Massler M : Mouth breathing. JADA, 44:506-521, 1952.
  18. Goldman JL, Bachman AL : Soft tissue roentgenography of the nasopharynx for adenoids. Laryngoscope, 68: 1288-1312, 1958. https://doi.org/10.1002/lary.5540680714
  19. Kevin LW, Dreck M : The effects of enlarged adenoids on a developing malocclusion. Am J Orthod Soc, 7:27-33, 2007.
  20. Marshall SD, Caspersen M, Hardinger RR, et al. : Development of the curve of Spee. Am J Orthod, 134:344-352, 2008. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajodo.2006.10.037
  21. Oral habits in children. Available from URL: http://www.authorstream.com/Presentation/dramanmoda-510442-oral-habits-in-children (Assessd on November 14, 2012)
  22. Eccles R : A guide to practical aspects of measurement of human nasal airflow by rhinomanometry. Rhinology, 49:2-10, 2011.
  23. Warren DW, Hinton VA, Hairfield WM : Measurement of nasal and oral respiration using inductive plethysmography. Am J Orthod, 89:480-484, 1986. https://doi.org/10.1016/0002-9416(86)90005-9
  24. Keall CL, Vig PS : An improved technique for the simultaneous measurement of nasal and oral respiration. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop, 91:207-212, 1987. https://doi.org/10.1016/0889-5406(87)90448-3
  25. Michael P, Carlos F, Paul W : Assessment of lateral cephalometric diagnosis of adenoid hypertrophy and posterior upper airway obstruction : A systematic review. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop, 130:700-708, 2006. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajodo.2005.05.050
  26. Bergland O : The bony nasopharynx. Acta Odontol Scand, 35:1-137, 1963.
  27. Souki BQ, Lopes PB, Pereira TB : Mouth breathing children and cephalometric pattern: does the stage of dental development matter? Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol, 76:837-841, 2012. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijporl.2012.02.054

Cited by

  1. Study on Airway Size in Class III Malocclusion by the Gender vol.30, pp.4, 2017, https://doi.org/10.11637/kjpa.2017.30.4.145
  2. Evaluation of Upper Airway Depth with Different Anteroposterior Skeletal Patterns in Children vol.45, pp.3, 2018, https://doi.org/10.5933/JKAPD.2018.45.3.307