근기남인(近畿南人)으로서의 성호(星湖) 이익(李瀷)의 역학사상(易學思想) - 「시괘고(蓍卦攷)」를 중심으로 -

A Study on the I-Ching of Lee Ik(李瀷) as a Member of South Faction near Seoul - Centering around "Shiguakao(「蓍卦攷」)

성호(星湖) 이익(李瀷)의 학문은 포괄적이면서도 회의(懷疑)를 통한 자득(自得)을 중시한다. 그의 학문태도는 성호학파(星湖學派) 가운데에서도 모범적이었으며, 그의 제자들은 그를 본받기 위해 노력하였다. 성호학(星湖學)의 위대성은 그의 직후 바로 성호학파(星湖學派)가 성립됨으로써 드러났다. 성호(星湖)는 "주역(周易)"의 육화(六?)이 내괘(內卦)와 외괘(外卦)로 나뉘어 서로 보아야 한다고 주장한다. 이는 소옹(邵雍)의 방법과 같이 일화(一?)에서 육화(六?)까지가 연결된 것이 아니라 내괘(內卦) 삼화(三?)과 외괘(外卦) 삼화(三?)이 독립된 것임을 밝힌 것이다. 성호(星湖)는 서법(筮法)과 변효(變爻)에 있어서도 주자(朱子)의 서법(筮法)이나 "역학계몽(易學啓蒙)" "고변점(考變占)"에 대해 의문을 제기한 것이 많다. 서법(筮法)에서는 주자(朱子)의 "서의(筮儀)"와는 다른 서법(筮法)을 제시함으로써 후에 다산(茶山)이 새로운 서법(筮法)인 '시괘법(蓍卦法)'을 제시하는데 일조한다. 성호(星湖)의 역학(易學)은 획기적으로 다름을 주장한 것은 아니다. 회의(懷疑)를 통한 자득(自得)이라는 그의 목표아래에서 이루어진 것이다. "시괘고(蓍卦攷)" 역시 마찬가지이다. 성호(星湖)의 역학(易學)은 후대에 다산(茶山)의 역학(易學)을 형성하는데 지대한 공헌을 했다고 하겠다.

Lee Ik(李瀷) had put emphasis on the achievements by self-regulated academic learning through doubts, and at the same time that it was all-embracing. His academic attitude had set an example among the members of Seongho school(星湖學派), and his disciples had strived to emulate his style. The greatness of Seongho(星湖)'s study had been revealed by development of Seongho school(星湖學派) right after his death. He had argued that the six strokes of I-Ching should be read having it divided into inward and outward divine signs. He had stated his view clearly that the divine signs ranging from one stroke to six strokes were not connected, same as Shao yong(邵雍)'s method, but, the three strokes of inward divine sign as well as the three strokes of outward divine signs were independent from each other. Seongho(星湖) also had raised many questions about Shifa(筮法), and Bianyao(變爻) and Zhuzi(朱子)'s Shifa(筮法), or Yixueqimeng("易學啓蒙") "Kaobianzhan("考變占")". In view of the Shifa(筮法), Seongho(星湖) had helped Dasan(茶山) to present 'Shiguafa(蓍卦法)' by proposing different divination rule from Zhuzi(朱子)'s Method of Divination by Shiyi("筮儀"). Seongho(星湖) had not professed something significantly different from Zhuzi(朱子) in his I-xue. His study on I-xue had been accomplished under his goal of achievements by self-regulated academic learning through doubts. "Shiguakao("蓍卦攷")" is also same. I-xue of Seongho(星湖) had made a great contribution to form Dasan(茶山)'s I-xue in the later years.