Korean Journal of Optics and Photonics (한국광학회지)

Optical Society of Korea (한국광학회)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Single-photon Detection at 1.5 ㎛ Telecommunication Wavelengths Using a Frequency up-conversion Detector

주파수 상향변환 검출기를 이용한 1.5 ㎛ 통신파장대역의 단일광자 측정

  • Kim, Heon-Oh (Department of Physics & Basic Science Research Institute, University of Ulsan) ;
  • Youn, Chun-Ju (The Convergence Components & Materials Research Laboratory, Electronics and Telecommunication Research Institute) ;
  • Cho, Seok-Beom (Fusion Technology T&D Team, Corporate R&D Center, SK Telecom) ;
  • Kim, Yong-Soo (Department of Physics & Basic Science Research Institute, University of Ulsan)
  • 김헌오 (울산대학교 물리학과, 기초과학 연구소) ;
  • 윤천주 (한국전자통신연구원 광모듈응용기술연구팀) ;
  • 조석범 (SK 텔레콤 기반기술연구원 융합기술개발팀) ;
  • 김용수 (울산대학교 물리학과, 기초과학 연구소)
  • Received : 2011.08.03
  • Accepted : 2011.08.23
  • Published : 2011.10.25
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

We present a low jitter frequency up-conversion detector based on quasi-phase matched sum frequency generation in a periodically poled $LiNbO_3$ waveguide for efficient single-photon detection at 1.5 ${\mu}m$ telecommunication wavelengths. The maximum detection efficiency and the noise count rate using the pump power of 300 mW and the pump wavelength of 974 nm are about 7% and 480 kHz, respectively. We also characterize the timing jitter of the frequency up-conversion detector by analyzing the time distribution of the detection outputs for photons generated through a picosecond pump pulsed spontaneous parametric downconversion. The minimum timing jitter was measured to be about 39.1 ps. Coincidence measurement with a narrow time window for pulsed up-conversion photons can eliminate the unwanted noise counts and maximize signal to noise ratio.

1.5 ${\mu}m$ 통신파장 대역 단일광자의 효율적인 측정을 위해서 PPLN WG(periodically poled $LiNbO_3$ waveguide)에서 준위상정합을 이용한 합주파수 생성에 의한 주파수 상향변환 검출기를 구성하고 검출 효율, 잡음 계수 및 타이밍 지터를 측정하였다. 974 nm에서 발진하는 펌프광의 세기가 300 mW일 때 최대 검출효율이 약 7%, 잡음 계수율은 약 480 kHz로 측정되었다. 피코초펄스 레이저를 이용한 자발적 매개하향변환에서 발생한 펄스형 단일광자 신호를 이용하여 측정된 주파수 상향변환 검출기의 최소 타이밍 지터는 약 39.1 ps였다. 또한 아주 좁은 동시계수 시간 폭으로 펄스형의 주파수 상향변환된 단일광자를 측정하면 잡음의 효과를 최소화할 수 있고, 신호대 잡음비의 특성을 최대로 높일 수 있다.

Keywords

References

  1. M. A. Albota and F. N. C. Wong, "Efficient single-photon counting at $1.55{\mu}m$ by means of frequency upconversion," Opt. Lett. 29, 1449-1451 (2004). https://doi.org/10.1364/OL.29.001449
  2. A. P. Vandevender and P. G. Kwiat, "High efficiency single photon detection via frequency up-conversion," J. Mod. Opt. 51, 1433-1445 (2004). https://doi.org/10.1080/09500340408235283
  3. C. Langrock, E. Diamanti, R. V. Roussev, Y. Yamamoto, M. M. Fejer, and H. Takesue, "Highly efficient single photon detection at communication wavelengths by use of upconversion in reverse-proton-exchanged periodically poled $LiNbO_3$ waveguides," Opt. Lett. 30, 1725-1727 (2005). https://doi.org/10.1364/OL.30.001725
  4. R. T. Thew, S. Tanzilli, L. Krainer, S. C. Zeller, A. Rochas, I. Rech, S. Cova, H. Zbinden, and N. Gisin, "Low jitter up-conversion detectors for telecom wavelength GHz QKD," New J. Phys. 8, 32 (2006). https://doi.org/10.1088/1367-2630/8/3/032
  5. H. Takesue, E. Diamanti, C. Langrock, M. M. Fejer, and Y. Yamamoto, "$1.5{\mu}m$ single photon counting using polarization-independent up-conversion detector," Opt. Express 14, 13067-13072 (2006). https://doi.org/10.1364/OE.14.013067
  6. E. Diamanti, H. Takesue, C. Langrock, M. M. Fejer, and Y. Yamamoto, "100 km differential phase shift quantum key distribution experiment with low jitter up-conversion detectors," Opt. Express 14, 13073-13082 (2006). https://doi.org/10.1364/OE.14.013073
  7. T. Honjo, S. Yamamoto, T. Yamamoto, H. Kamada, Y. Nishida, O. Tadanaga, M. Asobe, and K. Inoue, "Field trial of differential-phase-shift quantum key distribution using polarization independent frequency up-conversion detectors," Opt. Express 15, 15920-15927 (2007). https://doi.org/10.1364/OE.15.015920
  8. J. A. Armstrong, N. Bloembergen, J. Ducuing, and P. S. Pershan, "Interactions between light waves in a nonlinear dielectric," Phys. Rev. 127, 1918-1939 (1962). https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRev.127.1918
  9. P. A. Franken and J. F. Ward, "Optical harmonics and nonlinear phenomena," Rev. Mod. Phys. 35, 23-39 (1963). https://doi.org/10.1103/RevModPhys.35.23
  10. L. E. Myers, R. C. Eckardt, M. M. Fejer, and R. L. Byer, W. R. Bosenberg, and J. W. Pierce, "Quasi-phase-matched optical parametric oscillators in bulk periodically poled $LiNbO_3$," J. Opt. Soc. Am. B 12, 2102-2116 (1995). https://doi.org/10.1364/JOSAB.12.002102
  11. D. H. Jundt, "Temperature-dependent Sellmeier equation for the index of refraction, $n_e$, in congruent lithium niobate," Opt. Lett. 22, 1553-1555 (1997). https://doi.org/10.1364/OL.22.001553
  12. E. Diamanti, H. Takesue, T. Honjo, K. Inoue, and Y. Yamamoto, "Performance of various quantum-key-distribution systems using $1.55-{\mu}m$ up-conversion single-photon detectors," Phys. Rev. A 72, 052311 (2005). https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevA.72.052311