Korean Journal of Plant Resources (한국자원식물학회지)

The Plant Resources Society of Korea (한국자원식물학회)
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Research on the Colorants Extraction from Black Cowpea Seed Coats and their Storage Stability

검정동부 종피에서의 색소 추출과 추출색소의 저장 안정성 연구

  • Jung, Yang Sook (Department of Natural Fiber Science, Kyungpook National University) ;
  • Choi, Kyung-Jin (Department of Functional Crop National Institute of Crop Science, RDA) ;
  • Kang, Hang-Won (Department of Functional Crop National Institute of Crop Science, RDA) ;
  • Bae, Do-Gyu (Department of Natural Fiber Science, Kyungpook National University)
  • 정양숙 (경북대학교 천연섬유학과) ;
  • 최경진 (국립식량과학원 기능성 작물부) ;
  • 강항원 (국립식량과학원 기능성 작물부) ;
  • 배도규 (경북대학교 천연섬유학과)
  • Received : 2010.11.16
  • Accepted : 2011.08.11
  • Published : 2011.10.31
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Abstract

The purpose of this study was to search available resources for new natural colorants. The extraction efficiency of colorants from black cowpea seed coats and their storage stability were examined according to the various extraction and storage conditions in this study. The results obtained were as follows: the optical density (O.D.) values of the extracted colorants increased with increasing extract time and temperature. Extraction at pH 4 was seen to be the most efficient among the various pH conditions. The color of the extract solutions were seen to change with variation in pH, for example, anthocyanins display color changes from orange-red, to orange, to blue, to greenish-blue at pH 3.0, 4.0-6.0, 7.0 and 9.0-11.0, respectively. The color changes of the extract solutions over various storage periods were determined using UV/Vis spectra these color changes indicate characteristic absorption patterns and a discoloration index which indicates the rate of absorbance (532 nm/454 nm). Methionine addition influenced the storage stability of the colorant solutions and this addition led to better storage stability than non-addition. In paper chromatography of juice extracted colorant, a long stripe was seen on development. Among three colorants obtained via paper chromatography according to development rate, at least two different colorants were mixed indicated by the appearance, or not, of a shoulder at 552 nm depending on the extent of development.

본 연구에서는 검정 동부 종피에 함유된 천연색소에 대한 연구의 일환으로, 추출방법에 따른 색소 추출 효율과 저장안정제 첨가에 따른 저장 안정성과 특성을 검토하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 1) 용액 추출 시 온도가 높을수록, 시간이 경과될수록 색소 추출 효율이 높게 나타났으며, pH 조건에서는 pH 4가 가장 효율적이었다. 2) 착액 추출 시, 단시간 전처리에서는 pH 4가 pH 5에서보다 색소 추출량이 많았지만, 15시간 이상의 장시간 전처리에서는 오히려 pH 5에서 많게 나타났다. 3) 검정동부 색소용액의 pH 변화에 따른 색도는, orange-red색(pH 3.0), orange색(pH 4.0~6.0), blue색(pH 7.0) 그리고 greenish-blue색(pH 9.0~11.0)으로 Antocyanin과 유사한 거동을 보였다. 4) 저장 안정제로 Methionine을 첨가한 결과에서는 첨가에 따른 검정 동부 색소의 안정화 효과에서 저장 기간 18일까지는 변색 지연 효과를 보였으며, Methionine 10 mmol 첨가>20 mmol 첨가>무첨가 순으로 안정효과가 크게 나타났다. 5) 검정 동부 종피로부터 착액 추출한 색소 분말을 paper chromatography한 결과, 하나의 긴 띠 모양으로 전개되었으며 Rf 값은 각각 0.68(BAW), 0.53(30% acetic acid)으로 나타났다. 6) Chromatograph paper상에서 전개속도에 따라 3분획으로 구분하여 취한 색소의 spectrum 분석에서는 552 nm의 shoulder의 존재 유무를 근거로 적어도 2가지 이상의 색소 성분이 혼합되어 있는 것을 명확히 알 수 있었다.

Keywords

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