DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Bandpass Filter Based Focus Measure for Extended Depth of Field

피사계심도 확장을 위한 대역통과 필터 기반 초점 정량화 기법

  • Cha, Su-Ram (Dept. of Electronics Engineering, Ewha Womans University) ;
  • Kim, Jeong-Tae (Dept. of Electronics Engineering, Ewha Womans University)
  • 차수람 (이화여자대학교 전자공학과) ;
  • 김정태 (이화여자대학교 전자공학과)
  • Received : 2011.08.17
  • Accepted : 2011.09.19
  • Published : 2011.09.30

Abstract

In this paper, we propose a novel focus measure that determines in-focus and out-of-focus region in an image. In addition, we achieved extended depth of field by blending the acquired image and Wiener filtered image using a decision map based on the designed focus measure. Since conventional focus measures are based on the amount of high frequency components in an acquired image, the measures may not be accurate if there exist high frequency components in out-of-focused region. To overcome the problem, we designed the novel focus measure based on effective band pass filtering. In simulations and experiments, the proposed method showed better performance than existing methods.

본 논문에서는, 피사계심도가 낮은 카메라로 획득한 영상에서 초점이 맞는 부분과 그렇지 않은 부분을 나누는 새로운 초점 정량화를 설계하고 초점 정량화에 기반한 decision map을 이용하여 획득한 영상과 위너필터링으로 복원한 영상의 정합을 통해 영상의 피사계심도를 확장하였다. 기존의 초점 정량화 방법은 고주파 성분의 크기에 따라서 초점 정량화를 수행하므로 초점이 맞지 않은 부분에 고주파 성분이 있는 경우 성능이 저하된다는 단점이 있다. 본 논문에서는 이를 극복하기 위하여 효과적인 대역필터를 설계하였으며 제안하는 방법이 기존에 방법에 비해서 성능이 우수함을 시뮬레이션 및 실험을 통해 입증하였다.

Keywords

References

  1. M. Bertalmio, P. Fort and D. Sanchez-Crespo, " Real-time, Accurate Depth of Field using Anisotropic Diffusion and Programmable Graphics Card," 2nd International Symposium on 3D data Processing Visualization and Transmission, pp. 767-773, Sept, 2004
  2. E. Dowski and W. Cathey, "Extended depth of field through wave-front coding," Optics, vol.4, no.11, pp.1859-1866, 1995.
  3. G. Muyo and A. Harvey, "Wavefront coding for athermalization of infrared imaging systems," SPIE, vol.5612, pp.227-235, 2004. https://doi.org/10.1117/12.579738
  4. E. Dowski and G. Johnson, "Wavefront Coding: A modern method of achieving high performance and/or low cost imaging systems," SPIE Annual Meeting, Denver, vol.29, pp.137-145, 1999.
  5. C. L. Tisse, H. P. Nguyen, R. Tessieres, M. Pyanet and F. Guichard, "Extended depth-of-field (edof) using sharpness transport across colour channels," SPIE Conference vol.7061, Sept, 2008.
  6. B. Forster, D. Van De Ville, J. Berent, D. Sage and M. Unser, "Complex Wavelets for Extended Depth-of-Field: A New Method for the Fusion of Multichannel Microscopy Images," Microscopy Research and Technique, vol.65, pp.33-42, 2004. https://doi.org/10.1002/jemt.20092
  7. R. J. Pieper and A. Korpel, "Image processing for extended depth of field," Optics, vol.22, no.10, pp.1449-1453, 1983.
  8. N. T. Goldsmith, "Deep focus: a digital image processing technique to produce improved focal depth in light microscopy," Image Anal Stereol, vol.19, pp.163-167, 2000. https://doi.org/10.5566/ias.v19.p163-167
  9. P. J. Burt and R. J. Kolczynski, "Enhanced image capture through fusion." 4th International Conference on IEEE Computer Vision, pp.173-182, 1993 https://doi.org/10.1109/ICCV.1993.378222
  10. S. Li and B. Yang, "Multifocus image fusion using region segmentation and spatial frequency," Image and Vision Computing, vol.26, no.7, pp.971-979, 2008. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.imavis.2007.10.012
  11. S. Kuthirummal and K. Nayar, "Shape from focus," IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence, vol.16, pp.824-831, 1994. https://doi.org/10.1109/34.308479
  12. K. S. Choi, J. S Lee and S. J Ko, "New Autofocusing Technique Using the Frequency Selective Weighted Median Filter for Video Cameras," IEEE Transactions on Consumer Electronics, vol.45, no.3, pp.820-827, Aug, 1999. https://doi.org/10.1109/30.793616
  13. V. Maik, D. Cho, J. Shin and J. Paik, "Regularized Restoration Using Image Fusion for Digital Auto-Focusing," IEEE Transactions Circuits System and Video Technology, vol.17, no.10, pp.1360-1369, Oct, 2007. https://doi.org/10.1109/TCSVT.2007.903776
  14. S. Kim, S. Jum, E. Lee, J. Shin and J. Paik, "Real-time Bayer-Domain Image Restoration for an Extended Depth of Field (EDoF) Camera, IEEE Transactions on Consumer Electronics, vol.55, no.4, Nov, 2009. https://doi.org/10.1109/TCE.2009.5373728
  15. M. Kristan, J. Pers, M. Perse and Sk. Kovacic, "A Bayes-spectral-entropy- based measure of camera focus using a discrete cosine transform," Pattern Recognition Letters, vol.27, no.13, pp1431-1439, Oct, 2006. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.patrec.2006.01.016
  16. P. Cao, M. Xing, G. Sun, Y. Li, and Z. Bao; , "Minimum Entropy via Subspace for ISAR Autofocus," IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Letters, vol.7, no.1, pp.205-209, Jan. 2010. https://doi.org/10.1109/LGRS.2009.2031658
  17. J Huang, C. Huang, S. Phoong, and H. Chen, "Robust Measure of Image Focus in the Wavelet Domain," International Symposium on intelligent Signal Processing and Communication Systems, 2005.
  18. R. C. Gonzalez, R. E. Woods, S. L. Eddins, Digital Image Processing Using MATLAB, Prentice-Hall, 2003.