Journal of Dental Rehabilitation and Applied Science (구강회복응용과학지)

Korean Academy of Stomatognathic Function and Occlusion (대한턱관절교합학회)
권호 표지

Fractal Analysis of Peri-Implant Bone Mineral Density before and after Functional Loading on Implant

기능하중에 따른 임플란트 주변 골밀도의 변화에 대한 프렉탈 구조 분석

  • Hong, Seong-Wan (Department of Prosthodontics, College of Dentistry, Wonkwang University) ;
  • Lee, Jae-In (Department of Prosthodontics, College of Dentistry, Wonkwang University) ;
  • Cho, Hye-Won (Department of Prosthodontics, College of Dentistry, Wonkwang University)
  • 홍성완 (원광대학교 치과대학 치과보철학교실) ;
  • 이재인 (원광대학교 치과대학 치과보철학교실) ;
  • 조혜원 (원광대학교 치과대학 치과보철학교실)
  • Received : 2011.10.05
  • Accepted : 2011.12.25
  • Published : 2011.12.31
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

To identify osseointegration of implants, dentists were performed the radiographic analysis. The fractal analysis methods using periapical radiographs before and after loading on implants was to evaluate whether or not significant. 30 patients who were placed implants in dental hospital of Wonkwang university were participated in this study. Total of 42 implants were analyzed. And, 14 males and 16 females aged from 22 to 73 participated in this study. The two morphologic and Fractal analysis of the one trabecular patterns in alveolar bone were done using periapical views. Two periapical views, after implant placement, and after 2 months of functional loading were analysed. The analysis was done by software, Image J(1.40s, National Institute of Health, Bethesda, USA). The data were statistically analyzed using one-way ANOVA(P<.05). Multiple comparison was done by the Tukey HSD test. The results of Fractal analysis and change in bone density around implants showed significantly different values, especially mandibles. However, in case of implants with failure, Fractal values decreased from 1.2865 to 1.1521 and 1.1135 to 1.0478.

임플란트의 골유착 성공 여부를 확인하기 위해서 방사선학적 분석방법을 사용하였다. 치근단 방사선 사진을 이용한 프렉탈 분석방법을 사용하여 기능하중 전 후의 임플란트 주변 골밀도를 분석하고 골유착에 실패한 임플란트와 성공한 임플란트 사이에 유의한 차이가 있는지 비교하였다. 본 연구에서는 원광대학교 치과병원에서 임플란트 식립 시술을 받은 30명의 환자에서 총 42개의 임플란트를 분석에 사용하였다. 환자는 14명의 남자와 16명의 여자로 구성 되었고 나이는 22세에서 73세 사이였다. 치조골의 trabecular 양상의 형태와 프렉탈 분석은 치근단 방사선 사진을 이용하였다. 총 2장의 치근단, 즉 임플란트 식립 직후와 임플란트 보철물 장착 후 기능 하중이 가해진 뒤 3개월 후의 방사선 사진이 사용되었다. 분석은 Image J(1.40s, National Institute of Health, Bethesda, USA)를 이용하여 시행하였다, 통계학적 분석방법은 one-way ANOVA(P<.05)를 이용하여 시행하였다. 그리고 Tukey multiple comparison test로 사후검정을 실시하였다. 프렉탈 분석 결과와 임플란트 주변의 골밀도 변화는 통계적으로 유의할만한 상관관계가 있으며 특히 하악에서 이런 결과가 더욱 명백하였다. 또한 두개의 실패한 임플란트의 경우 프렉탈 수치가 각각 1.2865에서 1.1521로, 1.1135에서 1.0478로 감소되는 경향을 나타냈다.

Keywords

References

  1. Jean C. Wu, Cherilyn G. Sheets, James C. Earthman. Effect of bone dentisity on the damping behavior of dental implants: An in vitro method. Materials Science and Engineering: C, Volume 26, Issue 8, 2006;9:1307-1311. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.msec.2005.08.019
  2. Traini T, Degidi M, Lezzi G et al. Comparative evaluation of the peri-implant bone tissue mineral density around unloaded titanium dental implants. J Dent 2007;35:84-92. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jdent.2006.05.002
  3. Gazit D, Ehrlich J, Kohen Y, Bab I. Effect of occlusal (mechanical) stimulus on bone remodeling in rat mandibular condyle. J Oral Pathol 1987;9:395- 398.
  4. Trisi P, Rao W. Bone classification: clinical- histomorphometric comparison. Clin Oral Implants Res 1999;10:1-7. https://doi.org/10.1034/j.1600-0501.1999.100101.x
  5. Meredith N, Alleyne D, Cawley P. Quantitative determination of the stability of the implant-tissue interface using resonance frequency analysis. Clin Oral Implants Res 1996;7:261-267. https://doi.org/10.1034/j.1600-0501.1996.070308.x
  6. Meredith N, Book K, Friberg B, Jemt T, Sennerby L. Resonance frequency measurements of implant stability in vivo. A cross-sectional and longitudinal study of resonance frequency measurements on implants in the edentulous and partially dentate maxilla. Clin Oral Implants res 1997;8:226-233. https://doi.org/10.1034/j.1600-0501.1997.080309.x
  7. Norton MR, Gamble C. Bone classification: an objective scale of bone density using the computerized tomography scan. Clin Oral Implants Res 2001;12:79-84. https://doi.org/10.1034/j.1600-0501.2001.012001079.x
  8. Christen AG, Segreto VA. Distortion and artifacts encountered in Panorex radiography. J Am Dent Assoc 1986;77:1096-1110.
  9. Jeffcoat MK, Reddy MS. Digital subtraction radiography for longitudinal assessment of peri-implant bone change : method and validation. Adv Dent Res 1993;8:196-201.
  10. Mandelbrot BB. The fractal geometry of nature. New York : WH Freeman and company 1983:25-33.
  11. Yi WJ, Heo MS, Lee SS, Choi SC, Huh KH, Lee SP. Direct measurement of trabecular bone anisotropy using directional fractal dimension and principal axes of inertia. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod 2007;104:110-116. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tripleo.2006.11.005
  12. Yi WJ, Heo MS, Lee SS, Choi SC, Huh KH. Comparison of trabecular bone anisotropies based on fractal dimensions and mean intercept length determined by principal axes of inertia. Med Biol Eng Comput 2007;45:357-364. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11517-006-0152-z
  13. Huh KH, Yi WJ, Jeon IS, Heo MS, Lee SS, Choi SC, et al. Relationship between two-dimensional and three-dimensional bone architecture in predicting the mechanical strength of the pig mandible. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod 2006;101: 363-373. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tripleo.2005.06.024
  14. Feik SA, Storey E, Ellender G. Stress induced periosteal changes. Br J Exp Pathol 1987;12:803-813.
  15. Rubin CT, Lanyon LE. Regulation of bone mass by mechanical strain magnitude. Calcif Tissue Int 1985;7:411-417.
  16. Friberg B. Sennerby L, Roos J, Johansson P, Strid CG, Lekholm U. Evaluation of bone density using cutting resistance measurements and microradiography: an in vitro study in pig ribs. Clin Oral Implants Res 1995;6:164-171. https://doi.org/10.1034/j.1600-0501.1995.060305.x
  17. Rosenthal DI, Ganott MA, Wyshak G, Slovik DM, Doppelt SH, Neer RM. Quantitative computed tomography for spinal density measurement : factors affecting precision. Invest Radiol 1985;20:306-310. https://doi.org/10.1097/00004424-198505000-00014
  18. Pouilles JM, Tremollieres F, Todorovsky N, Ribot C. Precision and sensitivity of dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry in spinal osteoporosis. Journal of Bone Miner Res 1991;6:997-1002.
  19. Shrout MK, Roberson B, Potter BJ, Mailhot JM, Hildebolt CF. A comparison of 2 patient populations using fractal analysis. J Periodontolo 1998;69:9-13. https://doi.org/10.1902/jop.1998.69.1.9
  20. Updike SX, Nowzari H. Fractal analysis of dental radiographs to detect periodontitis-induced trabecular changes. J Periodontal Res. 2008;43:658-664. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0765.2007.01056.x
  21. Cho SK, Hong WJ, Kim EK. Usefulness of fractal analysis for the diagnosis of periodontitis. Korean Journal of Oral Maxillofacial Radiology 2001;31: 35-42.
  22. Landini G. A fractal model for periodontal breakdown in periodontal disease. J Periodontal Res. 1991;26: 176-179. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0765.1991.tb01642.x
  23. Landini G. Is periodontal breakdown a fractal process? Simulations using the Weierstrass- Mandelbrot function. J Periodontal Res. 1997;32: 300-307. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0765.1997.tb00538.x
  24. R. Wilding, J. Slabbert, H. Kathree, C. Owen, K. Crombie, P. Delport. The use of fractal analysis to reveal remodeling in human alveolar bone following the placement of dental implants. Archives of Oral Biology. 1995;40:61-72. https://doi.org/10.1016/0003-9969(94)00138-2
  25. D.H. Lee, Y. Ku, I.C. Rhyu, J. U. Hong, C. W. Lee, M. S. Heo. A clinical study of alveolar bone quality using the fractal dimension and implant stability quotient. J Periodontal Implant Sci. 2010;40:19-24. https://doi.org/10.5051/jpis.2010.40.1.19
  26. White SC, Rudolph DJ, Ma L. Influence of X-ray beam angulation and exposure on morphologic features of trabecular bone. Int J Oral Biol 1999; 24:17-24.
  27. ollen AM, Taguchi A, Hujoel PP, Hollender LG. Fractal dimension on dental radiographs. Dentomaxillofac Radiol 2001;30:270-275. https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.dmfr.4600630
  28. Southard TE, Southard KA, Jakobsen JR, Hillis SL, Najim CA. Fractal dimension in radiographic analysis of alveolar process bone. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod 1996;82:569-576. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1079-2104(96)80205-8
  29. Nair MK, Seyedain A, Webber RL, Nair UP, Piesco NP, Agarwal S, et al. Fractal analyses of osseous healing using tuned aperture computed tomography images. Eur Radiol 2001;11:1510-1515. https://doi.org/10.1007/s003300000773
  30. Heo MS, Park KS, Lee SS, Choi SC, Loak JY, Heo SJ, et al. Fractal analysis of mandibular bony healing after orthognathic surgery. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod 2002;94:763-767. https://doi.org/10.1067/moe.2002.128972
  31. Geraets WG, van der Stelt PF. Fractal properties of bone. Dentomaxillofac Radiol 2000;29:144-153. https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.dmfr.4600524