DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

유산소 운동과 흑마늘 섭취가 흰쥐의 혈중지질, 지질과산화 및 항산화 능력에 미치는 영향

Effects of Aerobic Exercise and Black Garlic Intake on Blood Lipids, Lipid Peroxidation and BAP in Rats

  • 김승현 (부산대학교 체육교육학과) ;
  • 백영호 (부산대학교 체육교육학과)
  • Kim, Seung-Hyun (Department of Physical Education, Pusan National University) ;
  • Baek, Yeong-Ho (Department of Physical Education, Pusan National University)
  • 투고 : 2011.04.24
  • 심사 : 2011.07.08
  • 발행 : 2011.07.30

초록

본 연구는 4주간의 유산소운동과 흑마늘의 섭취가 흰쥐의 혈중지질, 지질과산화 및 항산화 능력에 미치는 영향과 산화적 스트레스에 미치는 영향을 규명하기 위하여 실시하였다. 실험동물은 총 25마리를 대상으로 4주간 30-60분씩 15 m/min의 속도로 트레드밀에서 유산소 운동을 실시 하였으며, 통제집단(control group, CG, n=6), 운동집단(exercise group, EG, n=6), 흑마늘집단(black garlic group, BGG, n=7), 그리고 운동흑마늘집단(exercise with black garlic group, EBGG, n=6)으로 분류하였고, 유산소 운동 4주 후 혈중지질, 지질과산화 및 항산화 능력을 측정하여 비교 분석하였다. 본 연구의 결과 유산소 운동 후에 운동흑마늘집단은 총콜레스테롤(TC)과 중성지방(TG)이 다른집단에 비해 유의하게 낮게 나타났으나 고밀도지단백 콜레스테롤(HDL-C)과 저밀도 지단백 콜레스테롤(LDL-C)에서는 유의한 차이가 없었다. 지질과산화물(TBARS)은 운동흑마늘집단이 통제집단에 비해 유의하게 낮았으며, 항산화 능력(BAP)은 운동흑마늘집단과 운동집단이 통제집단과 흑마늘집단에 비해 유의하게 높게 나타났다. 따라서 흑마늘의 섭취는 혈중 콜레스테롤 중 TC와 TG를 개선시키며 유산소 운동을 병행하였을 때 그 효과는 더욱 상승하는 결과를 가져왔으며, 지질과산화가 억제되고 항산화 능력이 상승하는 것으로 나타나 유산소운동과 흑마늘의 섭취는 산화적 스트레스의 보호와 함께 심혈관 질환에 긍정적인 효과가 있을 것으로 사료된다.

The purpose of this study was to analyze the effects of aerobic exercise and black garlic intake on blood lipids, lipid peroxidation and BAP in rats. The subjects for the study were 25 male Sprague-Dawley rats composed of the control group (CG, n=6), exercise group (EG, n=6), which trained for 4 weeks (30-60 min/day, speed at 15 m/min), black garlic intake group (BGG, n=7), and exercise with black garlic intake group (EBGG, n=6). Blood lipids, lipid peroxidation, and BAP were measured in all the subjects after the end of the 4 week treadmill exercise period. The findings of this study were as follows; TC and TG were significantly lower in the EBGG compared to other groups, while there were no significant findings for HDL-C and LDL-C levels. TBARS was significantly lower in the EBGG compared to the CG, and the BAP from the EBGG and EG were significantly higher than in the CG and BGG after 4 weeks of treadmill exercise. Therefore, aerobic exercise with black garlic intake was effective in improving TC, TG, TBARS, and BAP. Consequently, aerobic exercise with black garlic intake will be effective for activating antioxidant defenses and decreasing cardiovascular diseases.

키워드

참고문헌

  1. Ackermann, R. T., C. D. Mulrow, G. Ramirez, C. D. Gardner, L. Morbidoni, and V. A. Lawrence. 2001. Garlic shows promise for improving some cardiovascular risk factors. Arch. Intern. Med. 161, 813-824. https://doi.org/10.1001/archinte.161.6.813
  2. ACSM. 2000. ACSM's Guidelines for exercise testing and prescription. 6th eds. Baltimore, MA: Williams & Wilkins.
  3. Ban, H. N. 2010. The effects of circuit training and black garlic intake on health related fitness, lipid profiles, C-reactive protein and bone density in middle-aged Women. M. S. Thesis. Pusan National University. Busan, Korea.
  4. Butt, M. S., M. T. Sultan, M. Butt, and J. Iqbal. 2009. Garlic: nature's Protection against physiological threats. Crit. Rev. Food Sci. Nutr. 49, 538-551. https://doi.org/10.1080/10408390802145344
  5. Choi, M. R. 2000. The effects of long-term treadmill exercise on macronutrient self-selection (MNSS) and malondialdehyde (MDA). Korean J. Phys. Edu. 10, 69-176.
  6. Colberg, S. R., J. M. Hagberg, S. D. McCole, J. M. Zmuda, P. D. Thompson, and D. E. Kelley. 1998. Utilization of glycogen but not plasma glucose is reduced individuals with NIDDM during mild-intencity exercise. J. Appl. Physiol. 81, 2027-2033.
  7. da Silva, L. A., C. A. Pinho, L. G. Rocha, T. Tuon, P. C. Silveira, and R. A. Pinho. 2009. Effects of different models of physical exercise on oxidative stress markers in mouse liver. Appl. Physiol. Nutr. Metab. 34, 60-65. https://doi.org/10.1139/H08-132
  8. Duda, G., J. Suliburska, and D. Pupek-Musialik. 2008. Effects of shorts-term garlic supplementation on lipid metabolism and antioxidant status in hypertensive adults. Pharmacol. Rep. 60, 163-170.
  9. Durak, I., M. Kavutcu, B. Aytac, A. Avci, E. Devrim, H. Ozbek, and H. S. Oztürk. 2004. Effects of garlic extract consumption on blood lipid and oxidant/antioxidant parameters in humans with high blood cholesterol. J. Nutr. Biochem. 15, 373-377. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jnutbio.2004.01.005
  10. Eom, W. S. 2004. The Effect of 12 weeks aerobic exercise with different exercise intensity on lipid peroxidation (MDA) and antioxidant enzyme (SOD). Korean J. Exerc. Sci. 13, 335-350.
  11. Fogarty, M. C., C. M. Hughes, G. Burke, J. C. Brown, T. R. Trinick, E. Duly, D. M. Bailey, and G. W. Davison. 2011. Exercise-induced lipid peroxidation: Implications for deoxyribonucleic acid damage and systemic free radical generation. Environ. Mol. Mutagen. 52, 35-42 https://doi.org/10.1002/em.20572
  12. Friedewald, W. T., R. I. Levy, and D. S. Fredrickson. 1972. Estimation of the concentration of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol in plasma, without use of the preparative ultracentrifuge. Clin. Chem. 18, 499-502.
  13. Gluohua, C. and J. Chen. 1991. Effects of dietary zinc on free radical generation, lipid peroxidation, and superoxide dismutase in trained mice. Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 291, 147-153. https://doi.org/10.1016/0003-9861(91)90117-2
  14. Ishikawa, T., M. Suzukawa, T. Ito, H. Yoshida, M. Ayaor, M. Nishiwaki, A. Yonemura, Y. Hara, and H. Nakamura. 1997. Effect of tea flavonoid supplementation on the of lnt-density lipoprotein to oxidative modificationen. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 66, 261-266.
  15. Karanth, J. and K. Jeevaratnam. 2009. Effect of dietary lipid, carnitine and exercise on lipid profile in rat blood, liver and muscle. Indian J. Exp. Biol. 47, 748-753.
  16. Kim, D. Y. 2002. The effect of high calcium diet and aerobic exercise on blood lipid in high fat diet rats. M. S. Thesis. Sungkyunkwan University. Seoul, Korea.
  17. Kim, J. H. 2009. Effects of Garlic powder ingestion and exercise training on blood Lipids and Antioxidants activity in Rats. M. S. Disseration. Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea.
  18. Kim, Y. A. 2001. Effects of vitamin E and Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) on antioxidant system in sprague-dawley rats. M. S. Thesis, Sungshin Women's University, Seoul, Korea.
  19. Laslett, L., L. Paumer, and E. A. Amsterdam. 1987. Exercise training in coronary artery disease. Cardiol Clin. 5, 211-225.
  20. Lee, C. S., S. H. Lee, G. D. Sung, and Y. H. Baek. 2010. The effect of 4 weeks of treadmill exercise and protein diet on immunoglobulin and antioxidant enzyme in rats. J. Life Sci. 20, 1483-1489. https://doi.org/10.5352/JLS.2010.20.10.1483
  21. Lee, H. M., D. Y. Seo, S. H. Lee, and Y. H. Baek. 2010. Effects of exhaustive exercise and aged garlic extract supplementation on weight, adipose tissue mass, lipid profiles and oxidative stress in high fat diet induced obese rats. J. Life Sci. 20, 1889-1895. https://doi.org/10.5352/JLS.2010.20.12.1889
  22. Lee, Y. M., O. C. Gweon, Y. J. Seo, J. E. Im, M. J. Kang, M. J. Kim, and J. I. Kim. 2009. Antioxidant effect of garlic and aged black garlic in animal model of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Nutr. Res. Pract. 3, 156-161 https://doi.org/10.4162/nrp.2009.3.2.156
  23. Lehtonen, A. and J. Viikari. 1980. Serum lipids in soccer and ice hockey players. Metabolism 29, 36-39. https://doi.org/10.1016/0026-0495(80)90095-5
  24. Mena, P., M. Maynar, J. M. Gutierrez, J. Maynar, J. Timon, and J. E. Campillo. 1991. Erythrocyte free radical scavenger enzymes in bicycle professional racers, adapt at into training. Int. J. Sports Med. 12, 563-566. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-2007-1024734
  25. Michael, R., Z. Kim, O. Andreas, K. Nora, B. Marc, K. Michael, S. Michael, and B. Matthias. 2009. Antioxidants prevent health-promoting effects of physical exercise in human. Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. USA 106, 8665-8670. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0903485106
  26. Miean, K. H. and W. Mohamed. 2001. Flavonoid (myricetin, quercetin, kaempferol, luteolin and apigenin) content of edible tropical plants. J. Ari. Food Chem. 49, 3106-3112. https://doi.org/10.1021/jf000892m
  27. Naoaki, M., U. Mitsuyasu, K. Naoki, N. Takeshi, H. Minoru, and T. Hidekatsu. 2006. Aged garlic extract ameliorates physical fatigue. Biol. Pharm. Bull. 29, 962-966. https://doi.org/10.1248/bpb.29.962
  28. Ohkawa, H., N. Ohishi, and K. Yagi. 1979. Assay for lipid peroxides in animal tissues by thiobarbituric acid reaction. Anal. Biochem. 95, 351. https://doi.org/10.1016/0003-2697(79)90738-3
  29. Oscai, L. B., K. Gorski, W. C. Miller, and W. K. Plamer. 1988. Role of the alkaline TG lipase in regulating intramuslar TG content. Med. Sci. Sports Exerc. 20, 539-543.
  30. Peleg, A., T. Hershcovici, R. Lipa, R. Anbar, M. Redler, and Y. Beigel. 2003. Effect of garlic on lipid profile and psychopathologic parameters in people with mild to moderate hypercholesterolemia. Isr. Med. Assoc. J. 5, 637-640.
  31. Ready, A. E., B. Naimark, J. Ducas, J. V. Sawatzky, S. L. Boreskie, D. T. Drinkwater, and S. Oosterveen. 1996. Influence of walking volume on health benefits in women post-menopause. Med. Sci. Sport. Exer. 28, 1097-1105. https://doi.org/10.1097/00005768-199609000-00004
  32. Samina, S., S. Nada, T. Manish, S. Kaustuv, T. S. Maria Victoria, and C. Gaurav. 2010. Moderate treadmil exercise prevent oxidative stress-induced anxiety-like behavior in rat. Behav. Brain Res. 208, 545-552. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbr.2009.12.039
  33. Seifi-Skishahr, F, M. Siahkohian, and B. Nakhostin-Roohi. 2008. Influence of aerobic exercise at high and moderates intensities on lipid peroxidation in untrained men. J. Sports Med. Phys. Fitness 48, 515-521.
  34. Viru, A. and T. Smirnova. 1995. Health promotion and exercise training. Am. J. Sport Med. 19, 123-126. https://doi.org/10.2165/00007256-199519020-00004
  35. Witt, E. H., A. Z. Reznick, C. A. Viguie, P. Starke-Reed, and L. Packer. 1992. Exercise, oxidative damage and effects of antioxidant manipulation. J. Nutr. 122, 766-773.
  36. Yeh, Y. Y. and L. Liu. 2001. Cholesterol-lowering effect of garlic extracts and organosulfur compounds: human and animal studies. J. Nutr. 131, 989-993.
  37. Yoon, G. A. 2006. Effect of garlic supplement and exercise on plasma lipid and antioxidant enzyme system in rats. Korean J. Nutr. 39, 3-10.

피인용 문헌

  1. Effect of Black Garlic and Herb Formulas on Lipid Profiles and Antioxidant Status in Rats by Interval Running Training vol.23, pp.12, 2013, https://doi.org/10.5352/JLS.2013.23.12.1436
  2. Physicochemical Properties, Biological Activity, Health Benefits, and General Limitations of Aged Black Garlic: A Review vol.22, pp.6, 2017, https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules22060919
  3. The Effect of Antioxidative Change in Cardiac Muscle of Obesity Rat by Treadmill Exercise with Intensity and Time vol.38, pp.1, 2013, https://doi.org/10.14476/jomp.2013.38.1.035
  4. The Antioxidative Effect of Black Garlic Extract on Paraquat-induced Oxidative Stress in ICR Mice vol.43, pp.6, 2011, https://doi.org/10.9721/KJFST.2011.43.6.760
  5. Antioxidant and anti-fatigue effects of abalone (Haliotis discus hannai) composites containing natural plant vol.22, pp.4, 2015, https://doi.org/10.11002/kjfp.2015.22.4.598
  6. Effects of Cheonggukjang Diet and Aerobic Exercise on Lipid Metabolism and Antioxidant Enzyme in Rats vol.23, pp.5, 2013, https://doi.org/10.5352/JLS.2013.23.5.657
  7. Antioxidant and Antiobesity Activity of Solvent Fractions from Red Garlic vol.22, pp.7, 2012, https://doi.org/10.5352/JLS.2012.22.7.950
  8. Effect of Black Garlic and Gaeddongssuk (Artemisia annua L.) Extracts on the Lipid Profile and Hepatic Antioxidant Enzyme Activities of Exercised Rats vol.42, pp.6, 2013, https://doi.org/10.3746/jkfn.2013.42.6.869
  9. Quality Characteristics of Kimchi Seasoning with Black Garlic vol.29, pp.5, 2016, https://doi.org/10.9799/ksfan.2016.29.5.677