Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry (대한소아치과학회지)

Korean Academy of Pediatric Dentistry (대한소아치과학회)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

THE ANTIMICROBIAL EFFECT OF HORSERADISH (ARMORACIA RUSTICANA) ROOT EXTRACTS AS AN ENDODONTIC IRRIGANT

근관세척제로써 서양산 고추냉이(Horseradish, Armoracia rusticana) 뿌리 추출물의 항균효과

  • Yun, Hyo-Jin (Department of Pediatric Dentistry, College of Dentistry, Gangnuengwonju National University) ;
  • Park, Ho-Won (Department of Pediatric Dentistry, College of Dentistry, Gangnuengwonju National University) ;
  • Lee, Ju-Hyun (Department of Pediatric Dentistry, College of Dentistry, Gangnuengwonju National University) ;
  • Seo, Hyun-Woo (Department of Pediatric Dentistry, College of Dentistry, Gangnuengwonju National University)
  • 윤효진 (강릉원주대학교 치과대학 소아치과학교실) ;
  • 박호원 (강릉원주대학교 치과대학 소아치과학교실) ;
  • 이주현 (강릉원주대학교 치과대학 소아치과학교실) ;
  • 서현우 (강릉원주대학교 치과대학 소아치과학교실)
  • Received : 2010.12.16
  • Accepted : 2011.03.21
  • Published : 2011.05.31
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

Microorganisms are the main causative factors of pulpal and periapical diseases, therefore successful endodontic treatment is depend on the effective elimination of intracanal bacterial populations. Many studies have been reported antimicrobial effect of Allyl isothiocyanate (AIT) which the principle ingredient of Horseradish (Armoracia rusticana) root extracts. The purposes of this study are to evaluate the antimicrobial effectiveness of Horseradish root extracts against Enterococcus faecalis in root canals of extracted human teeth and compare to sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl). Extracted human mandibular premolar root canals were infected with E. faecalis for 21 days, and then irrigated with Horseradish root extracts, NaOCl solution and saline. After canal irrigation, first samples (S1) were taken. After first sampling, the canals were additionally incubated 7 days, and then second samples (S2) were taken. The samples were inoculated on EHI agar plate to determine the colony forming units (CFU). 1. Mean values of CFU in S1 were $5.815{\times}10^3$ CFU/ml at Horseradish groups, and $3.465{\times}10^3$ CFU/ml at NaOCI groups. There was no statistically significant differences (p=0.086). 2. Mean values of CFU in S2 were $3.100{\times}10^3$ CFU/ml at Horseradish groups, and $5.252{\times}10^5$ CFU/ml at NaOCI groups. There was statistically significant difference (p<.05). 3. There was no statistically significant differences (p=0.076) between S1 and S2 at Horseradish groups in the mean values of CFU. However, there was statistically significant differences (p<.05) between S1 and S2 at NaOCI groups in the mean values of CFU.

치수 및 치근단의 감염은 미생물에 의해 야기되며, 성공적인 근관치료는 근관 내의 미생물의 수를 감소시키는 것에 의해 좌우된다. 서양산 고추냉이(Horseradish, Armoracia ruticana)의 주성분인 Allyl isothiocyanate (AIT)는 여러 연구에서 항균효과가 있음이 보고되었다. 이에 본 연구에서는 근관세척제로써 서양산 고추냉이 추출물의 항균효과를 알아보고자 발거된 사람의 치아에 Enterococcus faecalis를 접종하여, 대표적인 근관세척제인 차아염소산나트륨(NaOCl)과 항균력을 비교하여 다음과 같은 결론을얻었다. 1. 치큰관 내를 21일간 E. faecalis에 감염시키고, 근관세척제로써 각 실험군을 1분간 적용한 후 1차 표본(S1)을 채취하여 배양한 결과, 서양산 고추냉이 뿌리 추출물은 $5.815{\times}10^3$ CFU/ml, NaOCl은 $3.465{\times}10^3$ CFU/ml이었다(p=0.086). 2. 1차 표본을 채취한 후 실험 치아를 7일 동안 더 배양하여 2차 표본(S2)을 채취한 결과 서양산 고추냉이 뿌리 추출물은 $3.100{\times}10^3$ CFU/ml, NaOCl은 $5.252{\times}10^5$ CFU/ml로, 서양산 고추냉이 뿌리 추출물을 적용한 실험 치아에서 더 적은 수의 세균수가 측정되었다(p<.05). 3. NaOCl로 근관세척을 시행한 치아의 1차 표본(S1)과 2차 표본(S2)을 채취하여 배양한 결과 2차 표본에서 CFU 값이 더 증가하였다(p<.05). 반면에 고추냉이 추출물로 근관세척을 시행한 치아의 1차 표본(S1)과 2차 표본(S2)을 채취하여 배양한 결과 유의한 차이는 없는 것(p=0.076)으로 보아 근관세척후 7일 후에도 향균효과가 지속됨을 알 수 있었다.

Keywords

References

  1. Sundqvist G : Taxonomy, ecology, and pathogenicity of the root canal flora. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol, 78:522-530, 1994. https://doi.org/10.1016/0030-4220(94)90047-7
  2. Sundqvist G : Ecology of the root canal flora. J Endod, 18:427-430, 1992. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0099-2399(06)80842-3
  3. Menezes MM, Valera MC, Jorge AOC, et al. : In vitro evaluation of the effectiveness of irrigants and intracanal medicaments on microorganisms within root canals. Int Endod J, 37:311-319, 2004. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.0143-2885.2004.00799.x
  4. Siqueira JF, Ro∧ças IN : Clinical implications and microbiology of bacterial persistence after treatment procedures. J Endod, 34:1291-1301, 2008. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joen.2008.07.028
  5. Bystro¨m A, Sundqvist G : Bacteriologic evaluation of the efficacy of mechanical root canal instrumentation in endodontic therapy. Scand J Dent Res, 89:321-328, 1981.
  6. Zehnder M : Root canal irrigants. J Endod, 32:389-398, 2006. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joen.2005.09.014
  7. Soares JA, Pires JDR : Influence of sodium hypochlorite-based irrigants on the susceptibility of intra canal microbiota to biomechanical preperation. Braz Dent J, 17:310-316, 2006. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0103-64402006000400009
  8. Camara AC, Albuquerque MM, Aquiar CM, et al. :In vitro antimicrobial activity of 0.5%, 1%, and 2.5% sodium hypochlorite in root canals instrumented with the ProTaper Universal system. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod, 108:55-61, 2009.
  9. Estrela C, Silva JA, Alencar AHG, et al. : Efficacy of sodium hypochlorite and chlorhexidine against Enterococcus faecalis. J Appl Oral Sci, 16:364-368, 2008. https://doi.org/10.1590/S1678-77572008000600002
  10. Pelka M, Petschelt A : Permanent mimic musculature and nerve damage caused by sodium hypochlorite: a case report. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod, 106:80-83, 2008. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tripleo.2008.05.003
  11. Bowden JR, Ethunandan M, Brennan PA : Lifethreatening airway obstruction secondary to hypochlorite extrusion during root canal treatment. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod, 101:402-404, 2006. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tripleo.2005.06.021
  12. Serper A, Ozbek M,Calt S : Accidental sodium hypochlorite-induced skin injury during endodontic treatment. J Endod, 30:180-181, 2004. https://doi.org/10.1097/00004770-200403000-00013
  13. Souza-Filho FJ, Soares Ade J, Vianna ME : Antimicrobial effect and pH of chlorhexidine gel and calcium hydroxide alone and associated with other materials. Braz Dent J, 19:28-33, 2008.
  14. Ercan E, Ozekinci T, Atakul F, et al. : Antibacterial activity of 2% chlorhexidine gluconate and 5.25% sodium hypochlorite in infected root canal: in vivo study. J Endod, 30:84-87, 2004.
  15. Zamany A, Safavi K, Spa􀆆ngberg L : The effect of chlorhexidine as an endodontic disinfectant. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod, 96:578-581, 2003. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1079-2104(03)00168-9
  16. Gurgel-filho ED, Vivacqua-gomes N, Gomes BPFA, et al. : In vitro evaluation of the effectiveness of the chemomechanical preparation against Enterococcus faecalis after single- or multiple-visit root canal treatment. Braz Oral Res, 21:308-313, 2007. https://doi.org/10.1590/S1806-83242007000400005
  17. Stephen Cohen, Kenneth M. Hargreaves : Pathways of the Pulp, 신흥인터네셔널, 서울, 318-323, 2007.
  18. Sjogren U, Figdor D, Spangberg L, et al. : The antimicrobial effect of calcium hydroxide as a shortterm intracanal dressing. Int Endod J, 24:119-125, 1991. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2591.1991.tb00117.x
  19. Murray P, Farber R, Namerow K, et al. : Evaluation of Morinda citrifolia as an endodontic irrigant. J Endod, 34:66-70, 2008. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joen.2007.09.016
  20. Lahijani MS, Kateb HR, Heady R, et al. : The effect of German chamomile (Marticaria recutita L.) extract and tea tree (Melaleuca alternifolia L.) oil used as irrigants on removal of smear layer: a scanning elctron microscopy study. Int Endod J, 39:190-195, 2006. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2591.2006.01073.x
  21. Pereira JV, Bergamo DCB, Pereira JO, et al. : Antimicrobial activity of Arctium lappa constituents against microorganisms commonly found in endodontic infections. Braz Dent J, 16:192-196, 2005.
  22. Gentil M, Pereira JV, Sousa YCS, et al. : In vitro evaluation of the antibacterial activity of Arctium lappa as a phytotherapeutic agent used in intracanal dressings. Phytother Res, 20:184-186, 2006. https://doi.org/10.1002/ptr.1829
  23. Prabhakar J, Senthilkumar M, Priya MS, et al. : Evaluation of antimicrobial efficacy of herbal alternatives( Triphala and green tea polyphenols), MTAD, and 5% sodium hypochlorite against Enterococcus faecalis biofilm formed on tooth substrate: an in vitro study. J Endod, 36: 83-86, 2010.
  24. Koo H, Gomes B, Rosalen P, et al. : In vitro antimicrobial activity of propolis and Arnica montana against oral pathogens. Archives of Oral Biology, 45:141-148, 2000. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0003-9969(99)00117-X
  25. 안은숙, 김지혜, 신동화 : 휘발성 Allyl Isothiocyanate계 화합물의 항균 활성에 관한 연구. 한국식품학회지, 31:206-211, 1999.
  26. 박윤영, 조문수, 박신 등 : 고추냉이 부위별 Sinigrin 함량과 추출액의 항균 활성 . Kor. J. Hort. Sci. Technol, 24: 480-487, 2006.
  27. 유난영, 이주현, 서현우, 박호원 : 구강내 미생물에 대한 서양산 고추냉이(Amoracia rusticana)뿌리 추출물의 항균 효과. 대한소아치과학회지, 33: 447-456, 2006.
  28. 김혜경, 박호원, 신일식 등 : 치태에서 분리된 Streptococcus mutans에 대한 서양산 고추냉이(Amoracia rusticana) 뿌리 추출물의 항균효과. 대한소아치과학회지, 35:225-233, 2008.
  29. 박광선, 박호원, 신일식 등 : 구강 내 미생물에 대한 서양산 고추냉이(Horseradish, Armoracia rusticana) 뿌리 천연추출물과 합성 Allyl isothiocyanate의 항균활성 비교. 대한소아치과학회지, 36:217-226, 2009.
  30. 이원주, 박호원, 신일식 등 : 치근관 내 편성 혐기성 세균에 대한 서양산 고추냉이 뿌리 추출물의 항균효과. 대한소아치과학회지, 36:237-244, 2009.
  31. 장용걸, 박호원, 신일식 등 : 구강에서 채취한 혐기성 세균에 대한 서양산 고추냉이(Horseradish, Armoracia rusticana) 뿌리 추출물의 항균효과. 대한소아치과학회지, 37:168-178, 2010.
  32. 이성우, 서정식, 김석동 등 : 고추냉이 부위별 Allylisothiocyanate 함량. Korean J. Crop Sci, 42:281-285, 1997.
  33. 이성수, 서정식, 김석동 등 : 고추냉이 부위별 Allylisothiocyanate 함량. 한국 약용 작물 학회지, 42: 281-285, 1997.
  34. Kawakishi S, T Kaneko : Interaction of oxidized glutathione with allyl isothiocyanate. Phytochemistry, 24: 715-718, 1985. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)84882-7
  35. Kawakishi S, Toshiyuki K : Interaction of proteins with allyl isothiocyanate. J Agric Food Chem, 35:85-88, 1987. https://doi.org/10.1021/jf00073a020
  36. Perez F, Calas P, Falguerolles A, et al. : Migration of a Streptococcus sanguis strain through root dentinal tubules. J Endod, 19:297-301, 1993. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0099-2399(06)80460-7
  37. Stuart CH, Schwartz SA, Beeson TJ, et al. : Enterococcus faecalis: Its role in root canal treatment failure and current concepts in retreatment. J Endod, 32:93-98, 2006.
  38. Peciuliene V, Reynaud AH, Balciuniene I, Haapasalo M : Isolation of yeasts and enteric bacteria in rootfilled teeth with chronic apical periodontitis. J Endod, 34:429-434, 2001. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2591.2001.00411.x
  39. Pinheiro ET, Gomes BP, Ferraz CC, et al. : Microorganisms from canals from root-filled teeth with periapical lesions. Int Endod J, 36:1-11, 2003. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2591.2003.00603.x
  40. Sundqvist G, Figdor D, Persson S, Sjogren U : Microbiologic analysis of teeth with failed endodontic treatment and the outcome of conservative re-treatment. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod, 85:86-93, 1998. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1079-2104(98)90404-8
  41. Haapasalo M, $\phi$rstavik D : In vitro infection and disinfection of dentinal tubules. J Dent Res, 66: 1375-1379, 1987. https://doi.org/10.1177/00220345870660081801
  42. Sunde PT, Olsen I, Debelian GJ, et al. : Microbiota of periapical lesions refractory to endodontic therapy. J Endod, 28:304-310, 2002. https://doi.org/10.1097/00004770-200204000-00011