Preventive Nutrition and Food Science

The Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition (한국식품영양과학회)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Enteral Infusion of Green Tea Extract Selectively Enhances the Biliary Secretion of 14C-Benzo[a]pyrene in Rats without Affecting Other Biliary Lipids

  • Noh, Sang-K. (Department of Food and Nutrition, Changwon National University) ;
  • Kim, Ju-Yeon (Department of Food and Nutrition, Changwon National University)
  • Received : 2011.05.03
  • Accepted : 2011.05.16
  • Published : 2011.06.30
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

Recently, we have demonstrated that green tea extract (GTE) decreases the intestinal absorption of benzo[a]pyrene (BAP), which is an extremely lipophilic food contaminant. The present study was conducted to examine if an enteral infusion of GTE would influence the biliary secretion of BAP and lipids in rats. Female rats were fed an AIN-93G diet with or without (control) GTE at 5 g/kg diet for 4 week. Following the 4-week dietary treatment, rats with bile duct cannula were infused continuously for 8 hr at 3.0 mL/hr via a duodenal catheter with a lipid emulsion containing $4.0\;{\mu}mol$ BAP labeled with $^{14}C$ ($^{14}C$-BAP), $20.7\;{\mu}mol$ cholesterol, $452\;{\mu}mol$ triolein, and $3.1\;{\mu}mol$ ${\alpha}$-tocopherol, and $396.0\;{\mu}mol$ Na-taurocholate with or without 76.1 mg GTE powder in PBS buffer (pH, 6.4). Bile was collected hourly via bile cannula for an 8 hr period. Our results showed that bile flow did not differ between groups. However, the biliary secretion of $^{14}C$-BAP was significantly enhanced by GTE infusion, compared with those infused with the lipid emulsion alone. However, GTE did not affect the biliary outputs of cholesterol, fat, phospholipid and ${\alpha}$-tocopherol. These findings indicate that GTE has a profound stimulatory effect on the biliary excretion of BAP in rats, without affecting other biliary lipids. The mechanism(s) by which GTE enhances the biliary secretion of BAP remains to be investigated.

Keywords

References

  1. Kazerouni N, Sinha R, Hsu CH, Greenberg A, Rothman N. 2001. Analysis of 200 food items for benzo[a]pyrene and estimation of its intake in an epidemiologic study. Food Chem Toxicol 39: 423-436. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0278-6915(00)00158-7
  2. Lawrence JF, Weber DF. 1984. Determination of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in some Canadian commercial fish, shellfish, and meat products by liquid chromatography with confirmation by capillary gas chromatographymass spectrometry. J Agric Food Chem 32: 789-794. https://doi.org/10.1021/jf00124a022
  3. Lawrence JF, Weber DF. 1984. Determination of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in Canadian samples of processed vegetable and dairy products by liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection. J Agric Food Chem 32: 794-797. https://doi.org/10.1021/jf00124a023
  4. Alexandrov K, Rojas M, Satarug S. 2010. The critical DNA damage by benzo(a)pyrene in lung tissues of smokers and approaches to preventing its formation. Toxicol Lett 198: 63-68. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.toxlet.2010.04.009
  5. Lee BM, Shim GA. 2007. Dietary exposure estimation of benzo[a]pyrene and cancer risk assessment. J Toxicol Environ Health 68: 1391-1394.
  6. Harbowy ME, Balentine D. 1997. Tea chemistry. CRC Crit Rev Plant Sci 16: 415-480. https://doi.org/10.1080/07352689709701956
  7. Koo SI, Noh SK. 2007. Green tea as inhibitor of the intestinal absorption of lipids: potential mechanism for its lipid-lowering effect. J Nutr Biochem 18: 179-183. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jnutbio.2006.12.005
  8. Morita K, Matsueda T, Lida T. 1997. Effect of green tea (matcha) on gastrointestinal tract absorption of polychlorinated biphenyls, polychlorinated dibenzofurans and polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins in rats. Fukouka Igaku Zasshi 88: 162-168.
  9. Raederstorff DG, Schlachter MF, Elste V, Weber P. 2003. Effect of EGCG on lipid absorption and plasma lipid levels in rats. J Nutr Biochem 14: 326-332. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0955-2863(03)00054-8
  10. Ikeda I, Imasato Y, Sasaki E, Nakayama M, Nagao H, Takeo T, Yayabe F, Sugano M. 1992. Tea catechins decrease micellar solubility and intestinal absorption of cholesterol in rats. Biochim Biophys Acta 1127: 141-146. https://doi.org/10.1016/0005-2760(92)90269-2
  11. Loest HB, Noh SK, Koo SI. 2002. Green tea extract inhibits the lymphatic absorption of cholesterol and $\alpha$-tocopherol in ovariectomized rats. J Nutr 132: 1282-1288.
  12. Wang S, Noh SK, Koo SI. 2006. Green tea catechins inhibit pancreatic phospholipase $A_2$ and intestinal absorption of lipids in ovariectomized rats. J Nutr Biochem 17: 492-498. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jnutbio.2006.03.004
  13. Wang S, Noh SK, Koo SI. 2006. Epigallocatechin gallate and caffeine differentially inhibit the intestinal absorption of cholesterol and fat in ovariectomized rats. J Nutr 136: 2971-2976.
  14. Ikeda I, Kobayashi M, Hamada T, Tsuda K, Goto H, Iamizumi K, Nozawa A, Sugimoto A, Kakuda T. 2003. Heat-epimerized tea catechins rich in gallocatechin gallate and catechin gallate are more effective to inhibit cholesterol absorption than tea catechins rich in epigallocatechin gallate and epicatechin gallate. J Agric Food Chem 51: 7303-7307. https://doi.org/10.1021/jf034728l
  15. Chen L, Lee MJ, Li H, Yang CS. 1997. Absorption, distribution, and elimination of tea polyphenols in rats. Drug Metab Dispos 25: 1045-1050.
  16. Noh SK, Kim J, Seo Y, Koo SI. 2008. Green tea extract lowers the lymphatic absorption of benzo[a]pyrene in rats. FASEB J 22: 315.5.
  17. Rahman A, Barrowman JA, Rahimtula A. 1986. The influence of bile on the bioavailability of polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons from the rat intestine. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 64: 1214-1218. https://doi.org/10.1139/y86-205
  18. Barrowman JA, Rahman A, Lindstrom MB, Borgstrom B. 1989. Intestinal absorption and metabolism of hydrocarbons. Prog Lipid Res 28: 189-203. https://doi.org/10.1016/0163-7827(89)90012-X
  19. Verkade HJ, Tso P. 2001. Biophysics of intestinal luminal lipids. In Intestinal Lipid Metabolism. Mansbach CM, III, Tso P, Kuksis A, eds. Academic/Plenum Publishers, New York, NY, USA. p 1-19.
  20. Arrese M, Ananthananarayanan M, Suchy FJ. 1998. Hepatobiliary transport: molecular mechanisms of development and cholestasis. Pediatr Res 44: 141-147. https://doi.org/10.1203/00006450-199808000-00001
  21. Elmhirst TRD, Chipman JK, Ribeiro O, Hirom PC, Millburn P. 1985. Metabolism and enterohepatic circulation of benzo(a)pyrene-4,5-epoxide in the rat. Xenobiotica 15: 899-906. https://doi.org/10.3109/00498258509045043
  22. Reeves PG, Nielsen FH, Fahey GC Jr. 1993. AIN-93 purified diets for laboratory rodents: final report of the American Institute of Nutrition Ad Hoc Writing Committee on the reformulation of the AIN-76A rodent diet. J Nutr 123: 1939-1951.
  23. Reeves PG. 1996. AIN-93 purified diets for the study of trace element metabolism in rodents. In Trace Elements in Laboratory Rodents. Watson RR, ed. CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL, USA. p 3-37.p
  24. Knox R, Stein I, Tso P, Mansbach CM. 1991. Effect of fat prefeeding on bile flow and composition in the rat. Biochem Biophys Acta 1083: 65-70. https://doi.org/10.1016/0005-2760(91)90125-2
  25. Koo SI, Noh SK. 2001. Phosphatidylcholine inhibits and lysophosphatidylcholine enhances the lymphatic absorption of $\alpha$-tocopherol in adult rats. J Nutr 131: 717-722.
  26. Noh SK, Koo SI. 2004. Milk sphingomyelin is more effective than egg sphingomyelin in inhibiting intestinal absorption of cholesterol and fat in rats. J Nutr 134: 2611-2616.
  27. Duncan IW, Culbreth PH, Burtis CA. 1979. Determination of free, total, and esterified cholesterol by high-performance liquid chromatography. J Chromatogr 162: 281-292. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0378-4347(00)81515-7
  28. Zaspel BJ, Csallany AS. 1983. Determination of alpha-tocopherol in tissues and plasma by high-performance liquid chromatography. Anal Biochem 130: 146-150. https://doi.org/10.1016/0003-2697(83)90661-9
  29. Folch J, Lees M, Sloane-Stanley GH. 1957. A simple method for the isolation and purification of total lipids from animal tissues. J Biol Chem 226: 497-509.
  30. Slover HT, Lanza E. 1979. Quantitative analysis of food fatty acids by capillary gas chromatography. J Am Oil Chem Soc 56: 933-943. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02674138
  31. Raheja RK, Kaur C, Singh A, Bhatia IS. 1973. New Colorimetric method for the quantitative estimation of phospholipids without acid digestion. J Lipid Res 14: 695-697.
  32. Lin JH, Chiba M, Baillie TA. 1999. Is the role of the small intestine in first-pass metabolism overemphasized? Pharmacol Rev 51: 135-157.
  33. Buesen R, Mock M, Seidel A, Jacob J, Lampen A. 2002. Interaction between metabolism and transport of benzopyrene and its metabolites in enterocytes. Toxicol App Pharma 183: 168-178. https://doi.org/10.1006/taap.2002.9484
  34. Buesen R, Mock M, Nau H, Seidel A, Jacob J, Lampen A. 2003. Human intestinal Caco-2 cells display active transport of benzo[a]pyrene metabolites. Chem Biol Inter 142: 201-221. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0009-2797(02)00076-5
  35. Ebert B, Seidel A, Lampen A. 2005. Induction of phase-1 metabolizing enzymes by oltipraz, flavones and indole- 3-carbinol enhance the formation and transport of benzo[a]pyrene sulfate conjugates in intestinal Caco-2 cells. Toxicol Lett 158: 140-151. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.toxlet.2005.03.016
  36. Ebert B, Seidel A, Lampen A. 2007. Phytochemicals induce breast cancer resistance protein in Caco-2 cells and enhance the transport of benzo[a]pyrene-3-sulfate. Toxicol Sci 96: 227-236.
  37. Laher JM, Rigler MW, Vetter RD, Barrowman JA, Patton JS. 1984. Similar bioavailability and lymphatic transport of benzo(a)pyrene when administered to rats in different amounts of dietary fat. J Lipid Res 25: 1337-1342.

Cited by

  1. Green Tea Extract Decreases the Lymphatic Absorption of Trans Fat in Rats vol.41, pp.1, 2012, https://doi.org/10.3746/jkfn.2012.41.1.073