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Association between Nutritional Knowledge and Dietary Behaviors of Middle School Children and Their Mothers

어머니의 영양지식과 식행동이 중학생 자녀의 식생활에 미치는 영향

  • Lee, Jae-Sun (Department of Nutritional Education, Graduate School of Education, Daegu University) ;
  • Choi, Young-Sun (Department of Food and Nutrition, Daegu University) ;
  • Bae, Bok-Seon (Department of Nutritional Education, Graduate School of Education, Daegu University)
  • 이재선 (대구대학교 교육대학원 교육학과 영양교육) ;
  • 최영선 (대구대학교 식품영양학과) ;
  • 배복선 (대구대학교 교육대학원 교육학과 영양교육)
  • Received : 2011.02.09
  • Accepted : 2011.03.03
  • Published : 2011.04.30

Abstract

Middle-school students (158 boys and 199 girls) and their mothers were asked about nutritional attitudes, nutritional knowledge, dietary habits, and food intake using a questionnaire to examine whether nutritional knowledge and dietary behaviors of mothers affected their children's dietary habits. Nutritional attitude scores (total, 15 points) and nutritional knowledge scores (total, 20 points) of girls were 11.24 and 16.13 points, respectively, which were significantly higher than 10.47 and 15.43 points for boys. Generally, mothers received higher points than their children for all scores surveyed, but the results were not significantly different between boys' mothers and girls' mothers. The mean nutrient adequacy ratio (MAR) was calculated from dietary nutrient intakes to assess overall quality of meals. The results showed that girls had a higher MAR than that of boys (0.89 vs. 0.86, p < 0.01). Relationships among variables were examined by Pearson's correlation coefficient within children and between children and their mothers. Significant positive correlations were observed between nutritional attitudes and knowledge in both boys and girls. In girls, positive correlations between nutritional attitudes and dietary habits, nutritional knowledge and dietary habits, and dietary habits and MAR were also sig-nificant. In boys, only dietary habits and MAR were correlated with those of their mothers. Nutritional attitudes, dietary habits, and the MAR of girls' mothers were significantly correlated with nutritional attitude, dietary habits and the MAR of girls. The results indicate that the influence of mothers on dietary behaviors of children was greater in girls than that in boys, suggesting that a gender-specific nutrition education program is needed for middle school students.

본 연구는 중학생의 영양지식과 식생활 실태를 파악하고 그 어머니의 영양지식과 식행동이 자녀의 식생활에 미치는 영향을 연구하기 위하여 시도되었다. 대구지역 중학생 357명(남학생 158명, 여학생 199명)과 그 어머니들을 대상으로 영양태도, 영양지식, 식습관, 식사섭취상태 등에 대하여 설문조사를 실시하여 조사 분석하였으며 그 결과는 아래와 같다. 1) 남학생의 어머니 평균 연령은 42.2세, 여학생의 어머니는 41.6세이며 학력은 대졸이상이 남학생의 어머니 46.8%, 여학생의 어머니 43.2%로 가장 높았다. 어머니가 직업을 가지고 있는 경우는 남학생이 41.1%, 여학생 43.2%이고, 월평균 수입은 남학생 가정이 381만원, 여학생 가정이 391만원이었다. 2) 영양태도 점수는 총 15점 만점에 남학생은 평균 10.47점, 여학생은 11.24점으로 여학생이 유의적으로 (p < 0.001) 높았으며, 남학생 어머니는 11.81점 여학생 어머니는 12.09점으로 유의적인 차이가 없었다. 영양지식 점수는 20점 기준으로 남학생 15.43점, 여학생 16.13점으로 역시 여학생의 평균 점수가 남학생에 비해 유의하게 (p < 0.01) 높게 조사되었고 어머니 점수는 약 17점으로 차이는 없었다. 식습관 점수는 15점 만점에 남학생 10.84점, 여학생 11.13점, 남학생 어머니 11.50점, 여학생 어머니 11.62점으로 유의적인 차이가 없었다. 3) 조사대상자들은 본인의 식습관 문제점으로 남학생은 '급하게 먹는 습관'을, 여학생은 '불규칙한 식사시간'을 들었고 어머니들은 '불규칙한 식사시간'을 가장 많이 응답하여 학생들과 비슷한 식습관 문제점을 가진 것으로 조사되었다. 식습관 형성에 영향을 준 인자로 학생, 어머니 모두 '부모님 형제자매'라고 응답한 비율이 가장 높아 올바른 식습관을 위한 가정의 역할이 중요함을 반영하였다. 또한 영양교육의 기회가 주어진다면 참여하겠다는 비율이 여학생에서 유의적으로 (p < 0.01) 높게 나타났고, 50% 이상의 어머니가 참석을 희망하여 학생과 어머니를 위한 영양교육 프로그램의 필요성을 제시하였다. 4) 섭취량이 가장 낮은 영양소는 칼슘이며, 남학생은 권장 섭취량의 63.2%, 여학생은 71.2%였으나, 어머니들은 권장섭취량 수준을 보여 양호하였다. 영양소 섭취의 질을 평가하기 위해 계산한 MAR 점수는 여학생이 0.89로 0.86인 남학생보다 유의적으로 (p < 0.01) 높았으며, 어머니들의 평균 영양소적정도는 0.90이었다. 5) 남 여학생 모두 영양태도와 영양지식 점수 간에 상관성이 있었고, 여학생의 경우는 영양태도와 식습관, 영양지식과 식습관, 식습관과 MAR간에도 유의적인 상관성을 보였다. 어머니와 학생자녀 간의 관련성을 살펴보았을 때 남학생의 식습관과 MAR이 각각 어머니의 식습관과 MAR과 상관관계가 있는 것으로 나타났고, 여학생과 그 어머니 사이에는 어머니의 영양태도, 식습관, MAR이 여학생 자녀의 영양태도, 영양지식, 식습관, MAR과 유의적인 정의 상관관계를 보였다. 이러한 결과는 어머니의 영향이 여학생 자녀에게 미치는 영향이 남학생과 어머니 사이에서 보다 더 크다는 것을 알 수 있었다. 가정은 아동이 식생활 관련 행위를 학습하고 습관을 형성하는 환경으로 부모의 영향력이 크게 작용한다. 특히 어머니는 식생활 관리자로서 그 영향력이 크다고 할 수 있어, 영양적으로 균형 잡힌 식사계획으로 학생의 영양 요구량을 충족시켜 주어야 하며 긍정적이고 바람직한 식사환경을 제공함으로써 자녀들이 건전한 식습관과 합리적인 식생활관리를 할 수 있도록 해 주어야한다. 따라서 어머니들에 대한 영양교육이 생활에 적용하여 실천할 수 있도록 교육의 내용 뿐 아니라 교육방법에 대한 방안이 다양하게 강구되어야 할 것이다. 또한 학생들의 영양교육의 방법이나 내용이 학생들의 성에 따라 상대적으로 달리 적용될 필요성이 있겠다.

Keywords

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