DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Compaction Characteristics of Multi-cropping Paddy Soils in South-eastern Part of Korea

우리나라 동남부 다모작 논토양의 경반화 특성

  • Yun, Eul-Soo (Functional Cereal Crop Research Division, NICS, RDA) ;
  • Jung, Ki-Yeul (Functional Cereal Crop Research Division, NICS, RDA) ;
  • Park, Ki-Do (Green Growth Future and Strategy Team, RDA) ;
  • Sonn, Yeon-Kyu (Soil & Fertilizer Management Division, National Academy of Agricultural Science, RDA) ;
  • Park, Chang-Yeong (Functional Cereal Crop Research Division, NICS, RDA) ;
  • Hwang, Jae-Bog (Functional Cereal Crop Research Division, NICS, RDA) ;
  • Nam, Min-Hee (Functional Cereal Crop Research Division, NICS, RDA)
  • 윤을수 (농촌진흥청 국립식량과학원 기능성잡곡과) ;
  • 정기열 (농촌진흥청 국립식량과학원 기능성잡곡과) ;
  • 박기도 (농촌진흥청 기획조정관실 녹색미래전략팀) ;
  • 손연규 (농촌진흥청 국립농업과학원 토양비료관리과) ;
  • 박창영 (농촌진흥청 국립식량과학원 기능성잡곡과) ;
  • 황재복 (농촌진흥청 국립식량과학원 기능성잡곡과) ;
  • 남민희 (농촌진흥청 국립식량과학원 기능성잡곡과)
  • Received : 2011.09.05
  • Accepted : 2011.10.13
  • Published : 2011.10.31

Abstract

This study was carried out for some survey about soil compaction in the multi-cropping system of paddy field. Investigated sites were 90 farmer's fields in south-eastern part of Korea. The tillage practices season was different according to cropping system of paddy; in spring for mono rice cultivation and in autumn for the multi-cropping field. The average tillage depth in investigated sites was about 25 cm, however, it is different between the farmer's tillage practices and soil characteristics. It is high correlation to tillage deep and minimum resistance of penetration. The reaching soil deep to maximum resistance of penetration was about 27 cm, and average penetration resistance of the deep is 1.8~2.0 MPa for moderately fine-textured soils and more than 3.0 MPa for moderately coarse-textured soils. The difference of penetration resistance between cultivating and compacted layer was in order to sandy loam > clayey loam > clayey, and the difference was lesser in poorly drained soils than somewhat poorly ones. In the rice mono cropping field, the maximum resistance in no-tillage for 15 years was 1.18~1.25 Mpa at 20~25 cm in soil deep, however, the resistance of field with every year tillage practices was 2.03~2.21 Mpa. In the extremely compacted sandy loam textured soils, the penetration resistance at 30 cm in soil depth was drastically reduced by the subsoil from 5.2 Mpa to 3.2 Mpa, and the watermelon root in plastic film house was deep elongated.

우리나라 남부 이모작 논토양의 생산성향상을 위한 합리적인 관리책을 제시코자 영남지역 주요 논 토양별 경반층 생성특성 및 원인을 현지조사 중심으로 수행한 결과는 다음과 같다. 논 토양의 배수등급 및 토성에 따라 총 90필지의 경운실태를 조사한 결과, 경운시기는 대부분 춘경이었고 기종은 중대형 트랙터가 대종을 이루고 있었으며 경운방법은 토양 배수조건이 불량할수록 위탁경운을 하는 경향이었다. 경운깊이와 원추관입 최대저항값 출현깊이와는 고도의 상관을 보였고, 최대저항값 출현 토심은 약 27.1 cm로 조립질 토양에서 다소 깊은 경향으로 원추관입최대저항값은 2.50 Mpa으로 사질 및 사양질 토성이 3.46~3.29 Mpa로 높았고, 경반층의 강도는 세립질토양에서 뚜렷이 높았다. 경반형성 부위의 용적중은 $1.3{\sim}1.5g\;cm^{-3}$로 미사질계 토양이 낮았으며 고상율은 사양질이 미사질에 비해 높아 공극율은 낮은 경향을 보였다. 경반층 직하토층의 유기물, 유효인산, 치환성칼리 함량은 표토에 비해 매우 낮은 경향인 반면, pH와 치환성 석회 및 고토의 함량은 높은 경향이었다. 토층별 토양수분 함량과 원추관입저항값과는 관계는 표토는 부의 상관을 보인 반면 심토는 일정한 경향이 없었다. 경운여부에 따른 논토양 원추관입저항은 토심 20~23 cm에서 큰 차이를 보였고 경운답은 2.03~2.21Mpa인 반면, 무경운답은 1.18~1.25 Mpa로 낮았으며 무경 운 년수가 진행될수록 쟁기바닥층은 없어지는 반면, 토심10 cm 부위에 원추관입저항이 높은 토층이 새로 생성되었음. 따라서 남부 다모작지 논토양 견밀화 (경반화) 토층은 토심 15~20 cm 부위에서 주로 형성되었으며 농작업과 관련성이 높으며 작업 시 토양의 수분조건은 경반화에 크게 영향하며 경반이 생성된 토층의 투수력은 $0.03{\sim}0.14mL\;hr^{-1}$ 매우 낮아 양 수분의 수직이동에 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다.

Keywords

References

  1. Cass, A. 1999. Interpretation of some soil physical indicators for assessing soil physical fertility. In soil analysis an interpretation manual (Eds KI Peverill, LA Sparrow, DJ Reuter) 95-192 (CSIRO Publishing, Melbourne).
  2. Cho, H.J., L.Y. Kim, B.K. Hyun, S.O. Hur, and I.S. Jo. 2000. A Comparisons of soil physical practies in plastic film house. 2000. National Academy of Agricultural Science (NAAS) research repot. 218-228.
  3. Gill, W.R. and G.E. Vanden Berg. 1967, Soil dynamics in tillage and traction. Handbook 316. Agr. Res. Service, U.S.D.A. Washington D. C.
  4. Stiegler, J.H. 1998. Soil compaction and crusts. http://Osufacts.okstate.edu
  5. Jo, I.S., S.J. Cho, and J.N. Im. 1977. A study on penetration of pea seeding taproots as influenced by strength of soil. Korean J. Soil Sci. Fert 10:7-12.
  6. Kim, D.C. 1998. Tree root growth control series: soil constraints on root growth. University of Georgia cooperative Extension Service Forest Resources publication for 98-10.
  7. Kim, H.J., S.Y. Choi, G.H. Choi, and J.W. Choi. 2000. Physical improvement of heavy clay soil by chisel tillage. Honam Agriculture Experiment Station (HAES) research repot. 236-242.
  8. Kim, P.J., D.K. Lee, and D.Y. Chung. 1997. Vertical distribution of bulk density and salt in a plastic film house soil. Korean J. Soil Sci. Fert 30(3):226-233.
  9. Kim S. H. 2001. Study on agricultural environment indicators of OECD. http://www.krei.re.kr/infor4.
  10. Kristel, B. and B. Cotching. 2004. Siol strength/soil wetness relationships on red ferrosols with visually assessed soil structure differences in north-west Tasmania. 3rd Australian New zealand Soils Conference 5-9.
  11. Jong, R. 2000. Unsaturated hydraulic conductivity : estimation from desorption curves, In soil sampling and methods of analysis. Canadian society of soil science. 625-631.
  12. Ministry for Food, Agri., Forestry and Fisheries (MFAFF), Republic of Korea. 2010. Food, Agri., Forestry and Fisheries Statistical Yearbook. p. 43.
  13. NIAST (National Institute of Agricultural Science and Technology). 1973. Korean Soil Survey Manual v. 1. (Soil survey), pp257.
  14. NIAST (National Institute of Agricultural Science and Technology), 1988. Methods of Soil Chemical Analysis.
  15. Katsuhish, N., T. Osamu, O. Kiyoshi, and K. Koji. 1999. Improvement of physical properties and sugar beet root penetration by tillage pan breaking in the fine textured brown lowland upland soil. Japanese soc. Pedology 43(2):64-72.
  16. NRCS Soil Quality Institute. 1999. Soil quality test kit guide. USDA ARS and NRCS. Kit guide can be obtained at http://soils.usda.gov/sqi
  17. Raghavan, G.S., V.E. McKyes, F. Taylor, P. Richard, and A. Watson. 1979. The relationship between machinery traffic and corn yield reductions in successive years. Transaction of the ASAE. 22(4):1256-1259. https://doi.org/10.13031/2013.35194
  18. Soil Survey Division Staff. 1993. Soil Survey Manual. USDA. pp437.
  19. van den Akker J.J.H., 1994. Prevention of subsoil compaction by tuning the wheel load to the bearing capacity of the subsoil. In : Proceeding of the 13th ISTRO Conference, Aalbong, Denmark. V.1:537-542.

Cited by

  1. A Study on Soil Characteristics of Paddy Fields with Re-established Soils vol.48, pp.3, 2015, https://doi.org/10.7745/KJSSF.2015.48.3.194
  2. Effect of Soil Compaction Levels and Textures on Soybean (Glycine max L.) Root Elongation and Yield vol.45, pp.3, 2012, https://doi.org/10.7745/KJSSF.2012.45.3.332