Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers (대한환경공학회지)

Korean Society of Environmental Engineers (대한환경공학회)
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Evaluation of Airborne Pb Sources in an Industrialized City by Applying Pb Isotope Ratios and Concentrations in PM10

PM10 내 납의 동위원소와 농도를 활용한 산업도시지역 대기 중 납 오염원 평가

  • Jo, Wan-Kuen (Department of Environmental Engineering, Kyungpook National University) ;
  • Lee, Heon-Chul (Department of Environmental Engineering, Kyungpook National University) ;
  • Kim, Mo-Keun (Department of Environmental Engineering, Kyungpook National University)
  • 조완근 (경북대학교 환경공학과) ;
  • 이현철 (경북대학교 환경공학과) ;
  • 김모근 (경북대학교 환경공학과)
  • Received : 2011.01.31
  • Accepted : 2011.03.24
  • Published : 2011.03.31
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Abstract

The present study evaluated the major lead sources in a steel metallurgy industrialized city by measuring lead isotopes/lead concentrations of ambient air and potential sources in an industrial area and residential areas according to relative distance. The quality control program obtained during the measurement procedure for lead isotopes and concentrations exhibited $0.5ng/m^3$ for method detection limit, more than 90% for recoveries of standard particulate matters, and lower than 0.2% for reproducibility errors of four lead isotopes ($^{204}Pb$, $^{206}Pb$, $^{207}Pb$, $^{208}Pb$). For all three lead isotope ratios ($^{206}Pb/^{204}Pb$, $^{207}Pb/^{206}Pb$, $^{208}Pb/^{206}Pb$), the ratios were obtained in the industrial area were closer to nearby residential area than those of a residential area far away from the industrial area, thereby suggesting that lead sources were more similar each other in the industrial and nearby residential area. Furthermore, for both summer and winter seasons ambient lead concentrations were more than four times higher in the industrial area than in the residential areas and in turn, they were higher in the nearby residential area compared with the far-away residential area. As a result, it was suggested that lead emitted from the industrial area would influence more the ambient lead in the nearby residential area than the far-away residential area. Both slag and traffic emissions are likely to be major lead sources in the industrial and nearby residential areas, since their three lead isotope ratios ($^{206}Pb/^{204}Pb$, $^{207}Pb/^{206}Pb$, $^{208}Pb/^{206}Pb$) were similar to the ratios obtained from ambient air of these two areas. In addition, the lead isotope ratios revealed different pattern between seasons, and the ambient lead concentrations were higher for winter than for summer.

본 연구는 제철 산업지역과 이 지역으로 부터 이격거리가 다른 주거지역들의 대기 및 잠재적 오염원의 납 동위원소/대기 중 납 농도를 측정하여 제철 산업도시 대기 중 납의 주요 오염원을 평가하였다. 대기 중 납 농도와 납 동위원소비 측정과정에서 수행한 자료의 질 관리 프로그램에서 결정된 납의 검출한계는 $0.5ng/m^3$ 이하, 표준 입자상물질의 회수율은 90% 이상 그리고 4종류 납 동위원소($^{204}Pb$, $^{206}Pb$, $^{207}Pb$, $^{208}Pb$) 분석의 재현성 오차가 모두 0.2% 이하이었다. 3종류 동위원소비($^{206}Pb/^{204}Pb$, $^{207}Pb/^{206}Pb$, $^{208}Pb/^{206}Pb$ 모두에 대해서 산업지역에서 측정된 값은 이 지역과 멀리 떨어진 주거지역 측정값보다 인접한 주거지역 측정값과 가까워, 산업지역과 인접 주거지역 납의 오염원이 보다 유사한 것으로 나타났다. 나아가, 여름과 겨울 두 계절에 대하여, 주거지역들보다는 산업지역에서 납 농도가 4배 이상 높게 나타났고, 주거지역 중에서도 인접 주거지역에서 납 농도가 높게 나타났기 때문에, 산업지역에서 배출된 납이 인접 주거지역에 더 많은 영향을 미친 것으로 사료되었다. 산업지역에서 조사된 3종류 납 동위원소비($^{206}Pb/^{204}Pb$, $^{207}Pb/^{206}Pb$, $^{208}Pb/^{206}Pb$)가 8종류 잠재적 오염원 중에서 슬래그와 자동차 배출가스의 값과 유사하게 나타나, 이들 오염원이 산업지역과 인접 주거지역 납의 주요 오염원으로 추정된다. 또한, 산업지역과 주거지역들의 납 동위원소비가 계절적으로 다른 양상을 나타내었고, 납 농도는 여름보다 겨울에 높게 나타났다.

Keywords

References

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