DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Quality Characteristics of Milk Porridge (Tarakjuk) Sterilized with Radiation Technology

방사선 조사 기술을 이용하여 제조한 멸균 우유죽(타락죽)의 품질 특성

  • Han, In-Jun (Dept. of Food and Nutrition, Sunchon National University) ;
  • Park, Jae-Nam (Dept. of Radiation Food Science & Biotechnology, Advanced Radiation Technology Institute, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute) ;
  • Park, Jin-Gyu (Dept. of Radiation Food Science & Biotechnology, Advanced Radiation Technology Institute, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute) ;
  • Song, Beom-Seok (Dept. of Radiation Food Science & Biotechnology, Advanced Radiation Technology Institute, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute) ;
  • Lee, Ju-Woon (Dept. of Radiation Food Science & Biotechnology, Advanced Radiation Technology Institute, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute) ;
  • Kim, Jae-Hun (Dept. of Radiation Food Science & Biotechnology, Advanced Radiation Technology Institute, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute) ;
  • Ryu, Hong-Soo (Dept. of Food Science and Nutrition, Pukyong National University) ;
  • Park, Jeong-Ro (Dept. of Food and Nutrition, Sunchon National University) ;
  • Chun, Soon-Sil (Dept. of Food and Nutrition, Sunchon National University)
  • 한인준 (순천대학교 식품영양학과) ;
  • 박재남 (한국원자력연구원 정읍 방사선과학연구소) ;
  • 박진규 (한국원자력연구원 정읍 방사선과학연구소) ;
  • 송범석 (한국원자력연구원 정읍 방사선과학연구소) ;
  • 이주운 (한국원자력연구원 정읍 방사선과학연구소) ;
  • 김재훈 (한국원자력연구원 정읍 방사선과학연구소) ;
  • 류홍수 (부경대학교 식품영양학과) ;
  • 박정로 (순천대학교 식품영양학과) ;
  • 전순실 (순천대학교 식품영양학과)
  • Received : 2011.04.08
  • Accepted : 2011.04.20
  • Published : 2011.06.25

Abstract

We conducted this study to determine the optimum dose of gamma irradiation needed for the sterilization of milk porridge for patients. Milk porridge, known as Tarakjuk, was irradiated with gamma ray at doses of 0, 1, 3, 5, 7, or 10 kGy. The microbial contamination, $D_{10}$ values of isolated microbe spores, color, and viscosity were measured during storage at $35^{\circ}C$. The initial count of total aerobic bacteria was 2.60 log CFU/g in the non-irradiated milk porridge, but coliforms, spore-forming bacteria, yeast, and molds were not detected. The total counts of aerobic and spore-forming bacteria in the non-irradiated and 1 kGy irradiated milk porridge increased with storage period. These microbes were not detected in the milk porridge irradiated with 10 kGy. The $D_{10}$ values of isolated spores from milk porridge were 2.71 kGy (in milk porridge) and 2.21 kGy (in saline solution). All CIE color increased with gamma irradiation, but the sensory value of color did not significantly change. The viscosity of the milk porridge decreased with gamma irradiation and storage period, and the decrease in viscosity with storage period became smaller as the radiation doses increased. Sensory evaluation scores of the milk porridge were above normal (4.0) when irradiated with less than 5 kGy. These results indicate that gamma irradiation could be beneficial for preparing food with higher nutrient density and lower viscosity, especially for gastric tube-fed patients.

우유를 첨가하여 제조한 죽(우유죽)을 멸균 환자식으로 개발하기 위해 0, 1, 3, 5, 7 및 10 kGy의 흡수선량으로 감마선 조사 후 미생물 초기오염도 측정, 멸균여부 확인, 제조 단계별 isolated spore의 방사선 감수성 및 색도를 측정하였으며, 저장 중 점도에 대한 변화를 관찰하였다. 감마선 조사된 우유죽의 미생물 초기 오염도는 2.60 log CFU/g이었으며, 대장균군, 포자형성균과 효모 및 곰팡이군은 검출한계 내에서 나타나지 않았다. 저장 기간 중 10 kGy 조사구에서는 미생물이 검출되지 않았으며, 동일 선량을 조사 시 우유죽의 멸균을 확인할 수 있었다. 우유죽에서 분리된 spore의 $D_{10}$ value는 2.21 kGy(saline solution) 및 2.71 kGy(milk porridge)로 각각 나타났다. 감마선 조사선량의 증가에 따라 CIE color value는 증가하였으나, 색에 대한 관능검사에서는 변화가 나타나지 않았다. 점도는 감마선 조사선량이 증가할수록, 저장 기간이 길어질수록 유의적으로 감소하였다. 감마선 조사 직후 우유죽의 관능검사 결과 3 kGy 조사구까지는 모든 항목들이 4.0 이상으로 높게 평가되었다. 따라서 방사선 조사 기술을 이용하여 우유죽을 제조할 경우, 전분의 농도가 높은 멸균 환자식으로의 제조가 가능하였으며, 또한 멸균된 우유죽을 경관급식이 필요한 의식불명 환자 등에게도 적용시킬 수 있어 결과적으로 고농도의 멸균 우유죽을 환자에게 제공할 수 있으리라 사료된다.

Keywords

References

  1. Lee GD, Kim HG, Kim JG, Kwon JH. 1997. Optimization for the preparation conditions of instant rice gruel using oyster mushroom and brown rice. Korean J Food Sci Technol 29: 734-744.
  2. June JH, Yoon JY, Kim HS. 1998. A study on the development of 'Hodojook'. Korean J Dietary Cult 13: 509-518.
  3. Lee GC. 2001. A study on the traditional daily food for Seoul. Asian Comp Folklore 20: 233-255.
  4. Lee CJ. 1994. A study on the improvement of menu patterns of gruels as soft diet in hospital foodservice operation. Korean J Soc Food Sci 10: 18-23.
  5. Richard JA, Walter JC. 1998. Nutritional support of the pediatric oncology patient. Nutrition 14: 124-129. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0899-9007(97)00225-6
  6. Lee JW, Kim JH, Oh SH, Byun EH, Yook HS, Kim MR, Kim KS, Byun MW. 2008. Effect of gamma irradiation on viscosity reduction of cereal porridges for improving energy density. Radia Phys Chem 77: 352-359. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.radphyschem.2007.06.003
  7. Zhang M, Duan ZH, Huan YJ, Tao Q. 2003. Preparation technology for semi-fluid high-energy food. J Food Eng 59: 327-330. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0260-8774(02)00457-0
  8. Byun MW, Lee JW. 2003. Application of irradiation technology for food safety and security. Food Sci Ind 36: 25-41.
  9. Lee YS, Oh SH, Lee JW, Kim JH, Kim DS, Byun MW. 2003. Effects of gamma irradiation on physicochemical and textural properties of starches. Food Sci Biotechnol 12: 508-512.
  10. Thayer DW. 1990. Food irradiation, benefits, and concerns. J Food Qual 13: 147-169. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-4557.1990.tb00014.x
  11. Yook HS, Lee YS, Lee JW, Oh SH, Kim JH, Kim DS, Byun MW. 2004. Textural and sensory characteristics of gamma irradiated porridges. J Korean Soc Food Sci Nutr 33: 427-432. https://doi.org/10.3746/jkfn.2004.33.2.427
  12. Sokhey AS, Hanna MA. 1993. Properties of irradiated starches. Food Struct 12: 397-410.
  13. WHO. 1999. High-dose irradiation: wholesomeness of food irradiated with doses above 10 kGy. Technical report 890. Geneva, Switzerland.
  14. Han SM, Lee JW, Byun MW, Kang IJ. 2005. Toxicity evaluation of high-dose irradiated porridge powder for three months. J East Asian Soc Dietary Life 15: 431-436.
  15. KFDA. 2008. Food Code. Munyoungsa, Seoul, Korea. p 413.
  16. Islam MS, Inoue A, Igura A, Shimoda M, Hayakawa I. 2006. Inactivation of Bacillus spore by the combination of moderate heat and low hydrostatic pressure in ketchup and potage. Int J Food Microbiol 107: 124-130. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2005.08.021
  17. Jessica LD, Karen H, John K, Ameneh A, Mark G, Peter AE. 2001. Bacillus spore inactivation method affect detection assays. Am Soc Microbiol 67: 3665-3670.
  18. WHO. 1994. Safety and nutritional adequacy of irradiated food. Geneva, Switzerland.
  19. Goldblith SA, Proctor BE. 1956. Radiation preservation of milk and milk products: I . Background and problems. J Dairy Sci 39: 374-378. https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(56)94762-2
  20. Shapton DA, Lovelock DW, Laurita-Longo R. 1971. The evaluation of sterilization and pasteurization processes from temperature measurements in ${^{\circ}C}$. J Appl Bacteriol 34: 491-500. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2672.1971.tb02309.x
  21. Setlow P. 2006. Spore of Bacillus subtilis: their resistance to and killing by radiation, heat and chemicals. J Appl Microbiol 101: 514-525. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2672.2005.02736.x
  22. Sarrías JA, Valero M, Salmerón MC. 2003. Elimination of Bacillus cereus contamination in raw rice by electron beam irradiation. Food Microbiol 20: 327-332. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0740-0020(02)00124-7
  23. Morton S. 1996. Food irradiation: Foodborne diseases. Technomic Publishing AG, Geneva, Switzerland. p 61-62.
  24. Perk EG, Terje L. 1997. Bacillus cereus and its food poisoning toxins. FEMS Microbiol Lett 157: 223-228. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-6968.1997.tb12776.x
  25. Monk JD, Larry RB, Michael PD. 1994. Irradiation inactivation of food-borne microorganisms. J Food Prot 58: 197-208.
  26. van Gerwen SJ, Rombouts FM, van't Riet K, Zwietering MH. 1999. A data analysis of the irradiation parameter D10 for bacteria and spores under various conditions. J Food Prot 62: 1024-1032. https://doi.org/10.4315/0362-028X-62.9.1024
  27. Yang YH, Kim MH, Kwon OY, Lee JK, Park SC, Lee JW, Byun MW, Kim MR. 2007. Effects of gamma irradiation on the physicochemical properties of rice flour porridge. Korean J Food Cookery Sci 23: 961-967.
  28. Patton S. 1955. Browning and associated changes in milk and its products. J Dairy Sci 38: 457-458. https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(55)95000-1
  29. Wertheim JH, Proctor BE, Goldblith SA. 1956. Radiation preservation of milk and milk products. IV. Radiation-induced browning and some related chemical changes in milk.J Dairy Sci 39: 1236-1246. https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(56)94841-X
  30. Chalam MV, Connor JB. 1955. The effect of radiation sterilization on the nutritive value of foods. J Nutr 57: 479-490.
  31. Oh SH, Lee YS, Kim JH, Kim JH, Lee JH, Kim MR, Yook HS, Byun MW. 2006. Effect of pH on non-enzymatic browning reaction during γ-irradiation processing using sugar and sugar-glycine solutions. Food Chem 94: 420- 427. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2004.11.034
  32. Ciesla K, Salmieri S, Lacroix M, Le Tien C. 2004. Gamma irradiation influence on physical properties of milk proteins. Radiat Phys Chem 71: 93-97.
  33. Sabato SF, Lacroix M. 2002. Radiation effects on viscosimetry of protein based solutions. Radiat Phys Chem 63: 357-359. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0969-806X(01)00525-4
  34. Grant LA, G'Appolonia BL. 1991. Effect of low-level gamma irradiation on water-soluble non-starchy polysaccharides isolated from hard red spring wheat flour and bran. Cereal Chem 68: 651-652.
  35. Christropher HS, Xuetong F. 2006. Food irradiation research and technology. 1st ed. Blackwell publishing professional,Ames, IA, USA. p 11.
  36. Sokhey AS, Hanna MA. 1993. Properties of irradiated starches. Food Struct 12: 397-410.
  37. Yu Y, Wang J. 2007. Effect of $\gamma$-ray irradiation on starch granule structure and physicochemical properties of rice. Food Res Int 40: 297-303. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodres.2006.03.001

Cited by

  1. The Perception of Aseptic Foods in Cancer Patients vol.42, pp.2, 2013, https://doi.org/10.3746/jkfn.2013.42.2.203
  2. Quality Properties of Ginseng Chicken Porridge Prepared with Individually Gamma Irradiated Raw Materials vol.33, pp.6, 2013, https://doi.org/10.5851/kosfa.2013.33.6.730
  3. Shelf-Life and Quality of Gamma Irradiated Squid Sundae (a Traditional Korean Sausage) vol.45, pp.5, 2012, https://doi.org/10.5657/KFAS.2012.0438
  4. Quality Evaluation and Physical Identification of Irradiated Dried Fruits vol.41, pp.11, 2012, https://doi.org/10.3746/jkfn.2012.41.11.1559
  5. Effect of Antioxidant and Irradiation Treatment under Freezing Temperature Conditions on Physicochemical and Sensory Properties of Tarakjuk (Milk Porridge) vol.40, pp.12, 2011, https://doi.org/10.3746/jkfn.2011.40.12.1750
  6. Effect of Irradiation Temperature on Physicochemical and Sensory Properties of Tarakjuk (Milk Porridge) vol.40, pp.9, 2011, https://doi.org/10.3746/jkfn.2011.40.9.1307
  7. Toxicity Evaluation of Irradiated Tarakjuk for Three Months vol.41, pp.11, 2012, https://doi.org/10.3746/jkfn.2012.41.11.1534
  8. 대기압 유전체장벽방전 플라즈마에 의한 식품유해 미생물 살균 vol.32, pp.3, 2011, https://doi.org/10.13103/jfhs.2017.32.3.222