Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery

Korean Association of Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgeons (대한악안면성형재건외과학회)
권호 표지

Anthropometric Analysis of Unilateral Cleft Lip Patient

편측성 구순열 환아의 안모 계측 연구

  • Koh, Kwang-Moo (Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Dentistry, Chonbuk National University) ;
  • Leem, Dae-Ho (Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Dentistry, Chonbuk National University) ;
  • Baek, Jin-A (Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Dentistry, Chonbuk National University) ;
  • Ko, Seung-O (Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Dentistry, Chonbuk National University) ;
  • Shin, Hyo-Keun (Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Dentistry, Chonbuk National University)
  • 고광무 (전북대학교 치의학전문대학원 구강악안면외과학교실) ;
  • 임대호 (전북대학교 치의학전문대학원 구강악안면외과학교실) ;
  • 백진아 (전북대학교 치의학전문대학원 구강악안면외과학교실) ;
  • 고승오 (전북대학교 치의학전문대학원 구강악안면외과학교실) ;
  • 신효근 (전북대학교 치의학전문대학원 구강악안면외과학교실)
  • Received : 2011.07.13
  • Accepted : 2011.08.18
  • Published : 2011.09.30
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

Purpose: Cleft lip and palate is one of the most frequent hereditary deformities of the maxillofacial region which can arise in facial and jaw abnormalities as well as malocclusion and speech problems. In particular, unilateral cleft lip and palate is characterized by midface deformity resulting in maxillary anterior nasal septal deviation and nasal deformity. The aim of this study is to analyze the facial deformity of untreated unilateral cleft lip patients for contribution to primary cheiloplasty. Methods: Thirty-three patients with unilateral cleft lip and palate were impressioned before operation and facial casts were made. The casts were classified into complete cleft lip and incomplete cleft lip groups and each group were classified into affected side and normal side. Anthropometric reference points and lines were setted up and analysis between points and lines were made. Results and Conclusion: The obtained results were as follows: 1. The intercanthal width had no significant difference between the incomplete and complete cleft lip groups. 2. Cleft width and alar base width were greater in the complete group, and nasal tip protrusion was greater in the incomplete group. 3. Involved alar width and nostril width were greater in the complete group and in both complete and incomplete groups, involved alar width and nostril width were greater than the non-involved side. 4. The lateral deviation of the subnasale was greater in the complete group in both involved and non-involved sides. 5. The nasal laterale was placed inferiorly in both cleft groups. 6. The subnasale was deviated to the non-involved side in both cleft groups. 7. The nose tip was deviated to the non-involved side in both cleft groups and had greater lateral deviation in the complete cleft group. 8. The midpoint of cupid's bow had no vertical difference between complete and incomplete groups, but had a greater lateral deviation in the complete group. 9. In the complete cleft group, correlation between differences in cleft width and nostril width and columella height difference were obtained.

Keywords

References

  1. Asher-McDade C, Roberts C, Shaw WC, Gallager C. Development of a method for rating nasolabial appearance in patients with clefts of the lip and palate. Cleft Palate Craniofac J 1991;28:385-90; discussion 390-1. https://doi.org/10.1597/1545-1569(1991)028<0385:DOAMFR>2.3.CO;2
  2. Davis JS, Ritichie HP. Classification of congenital clefts of the lip and palate. JAMA 1922;79:1323-7. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.1922.02640160043014
  3. Millard DRJ. Earlier correction of the unilateral cleft lip nose. Plast Reconstr Surg 1982;70:64-73. https://doi.org/10.1097/00006534-198207000-00014
  4. Shaw WC, Rees G, Dawe M, Charles CR. The influence of dentofacial appearance on the social attractiveness of young adults. Am J Orthod 1985;87:21-6. https://doi.org/10.1016/0002-9416(85)90170-8
  5. Richman LC, Holmes CS, Eliason MJ. Adolescents with cleft lip and palate: self perceptions of appearance and behavior related to personality adjustment. Cleft Palate J 1985;22:93-6.
  6. Nemoto T. Morphological studies on the face with unilateral cleft lip. An application of the computerized three-dimensional analysis of Moire Topography. JOMS 1979;798-814.
  7. Whittle J. Preoperative anthropometric analysis of the cleft child's face: a comparison between groups. Int J Surg 2004;2:91-5. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1743-9191(06)60051-4
  8. He X, Shi B, Jiang S, Li S, Zheng Q, Yan W. 110 infants with unrepaired unilateral cleft lip: An anthropometric analysis of the lip and nasal deformities. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2010;39:847-52. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijom.2010.04.007
  9. Jacobson A. Psychological aspects of dentofacial esthetics and orthognathic surgery. Angle Orthod 1984;54:18-35.
  10. Min BI. Nasolabial changes before and after secondary operation in the patients with cleft lip. KAMPRS 1996;18:217-23.
  11. Farkas LG, Lindsay WK. Morphology of adult face after repair of isolated cleft palate in childhood. Celft Palate J 1972;9:132-42.
  12. Sadowsky C, Aduss H, Pruzansky S. The soft tissue profile in unilateral clefts. Angle Orthod 1973;43:233-46.
  13. Vegter F, Mulder JW, Hage JJ. Major residual deformities in cleft patients: a new anthropometric approach. Cleft Palate Craniofac J 1997;34:106-10. https://doi.org/10.1597/1545-1569(1997)034<0106:MRDICP>2.3.CO;2
  14. Aung SC, Ngim RC, Lee ST. Evaluation of the laser scanner as a surface measuring tool and its accuracy as compared with direct facial anthropometric measurements. Br J Plastic Surg 1995;48:551-8. https://doi.org/10.1016/0007-1226(95)90043-8
  15. Markus AF, Delaire J, Smith WP. Facial balance in cleft lip and palate. I. Normal development and cleft palate. Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg 1992;30:287-95. https://doi.org/10.1016/0266-4356(92)90178-L
  16. Linday WK, Farlas LG. The use of antrhopometry in assessing the cleft lip nose. Plast Reconstr Surg 1972;49:286-93. https://doi.org/10.1097/00006534-197203000-00008
  17. Nemoto T. Morphological studies on the face with unilateral cleft lip. An application of the computerized three-dimensional analysis of Moire tophography. JOMS 1979;25:60-76.
  18. Farkas LG, Lindsay WK. Morphology of the adult face following repair of bilateral cleft lip and palate in childhood. Plast Reconstr Surg 1971;47:25-32. https://doi.org/10.1097/00006534-197101000-00006
  19. Yoshimasu H. Studies on craniofacial morphology in monozygotic twins with cleft lip and palate (author's transl). Kokubyo Gakkai Zasshi 1978;45:408-41. https://doi.org/10.5357/koubyou.45.408
  20. Motegi K, Yamazato S. The relation between cleavage lines and postoperative scars after repair of cleft lip. J Maxillofac Surg 1985;13:183-4. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0301-0503(85)80044-8
  21. Yeow VK, Huang MH, Lee ST, Fook Chong SM. An anthropometric analysis of indices of severity in the unilateral cleft lip. J Craniofac Sug 2002;13:68-74. https://doi.org/10.1097/00001665-200201000-00014