Mycobiology

The Korean Society of Mycology (한국균학회)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

A Protective Mechanism in Lungs of Rats Experimentally Infected with Aspergillus fumigatus

  • Mahmoud, Yehia A.G. (Botany Department (Mycology Laboratory), Faculty of Science, Tanta University) ;
  • Al-Ghamdi, Abdulaziz Yahya (Biology Department, Faculty of Science, Al Baha University) ;
  • Abd El-Zaher, Eman H.F. (Botany Department (Mycology Laboratory), Faculty of Science, Tanta University)
  • Received : 2010.12.06
  • Accepted : 2010.12.29
  • Published : 2011.03.31
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

Aspergillus fumigatus is associated with invasive disease aspergillosis in immunocompromised individuals. The major aim of this study was to investigate the biochemical and immunological responses of male Wistar rats against A. fumigatus experimentally-induced pulmonary fungal infection. Nostril experimental exposure of male Wistar rats to a high dose of A. fumigatus freeze-dried preparation for only 24 hr resulted in a significant increase in levels of catalase, nitric oxide and lipid peroxide in lung homogenates, compared to those of the control animals. However, the oxidative status of the lungs of rats challenged with killed fungus did not change significantly, except for the stimulation in the level of lipid peroxide. IgG level was significantly elevated only in rats that received two low doses of fungus, compared to unexposed animals (p < 0.005). Examining the lung of rats exposed to A. fumigatus revealed no abnormal changes, except for pus in bronchial lumen spaces and per bronchial inflammation. Histologically, large numbers of granuloma cells were evident in the lungs of challenged rats, while no granuloma formation was evident in the lungs of rats exposed to killed fungus.

Keywords

References

  1. Hartemink KJ, Paul MA, Spijkstra JJ, Girbes AR, Polderman KH. Immunoparalysis as a cause for invasive aspergillosis? Intensive Care Med 2003;29:2068-71. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00134-003-1778-z
  2. Meyer RD, Young LS, Armstrong D, Yu B. Aspergillosis complicating neoplastic disease. Am J Med 1973;54:6-15. https://doi.org/10.1016/0002-9343(73)90077-6
  3. DeGregorio MW, Lee WM, Linker CA, Jacobs RA, Ries CA. Fungal infections in patients with acute leukemia. Am J Med 1982;73:543-8. https://doi.org/10.1016/0002-9343(82)90334-5
  4. Andriole VT, Miniter P, George D, Kordick D, Patterson TF. Animal models: usefulness for studies of fungal pathogenesis and drug efficacy in aspergillosis. Clin Infect Dis 1992;14(Suppl 1):S134-8. https://doi.org/10.1093/clinids/14.Supplement_1.S134
  5. Andriole VT. Aspergillus infections: problems in diagnosis and treatment. Infect Agents Dis 1996;5:47-54.
  6. Maertens J, Vrebos M, Boogaerts M. Assessing risk factors for systemic fungal infections. Eur J Cancer Care (Engl) 2001;10:56-62. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2354.2001.00241.x
  7. Johansson A, Dahlgren C. Differentiation of human peripheral blood monocytes to macrophages is associated with changes in the cellular respiratory burst activity. Cell Biochem Funct 1992;10:87-93. https://doi.org/10.1002/cbf.290100204
  8. Ibrahim-Granet O, Philippe B, Boleti H, Boisvieux-Ulrich E, Grenet D, Stern M, Latge JP. Phagocytosis and intracellular fate of Aspergillus fumigatus conidia in alveolar macrophages. Infect Immun 2003;71:891-903. https://doi.org/10.1128/IAI.71.2.891-903.2003
  9. Philippe B, Ibrahim-Granet O, Prevost MC, Gougerot-Pocidalo MA, Sanchez-Perez M, Van der Meeren A, Latge JP. Killing of Aspergillus fumigatus by alveolar macrophages is mediated by reactive oxidant intermediates. Infect Immun 2003;71:3034-42. https://doi.org/10.1128/IAI.71.6.3034-3042.2003
  10. Nathan C. Nitric oxide as a secretory product of mammalian cells. FASEB J 1992;6:3051-64. https://doi.org/10.1096/fasebj.6.12.1381691
  11. Deguchi M, Sakuta H, Uno K, Inaba K, Muramatsu S. Exogenous and endogenous type I interferons inhibit interferon-g induced nitric oxide production and nitric oxide synthase expression in murine peritoneal macrophages. J Interferon Cytokine Res 1995;15:977-84. https://doi.org/10.1089/jir.1995.15.977
  12. Adams LB, Franzblau SG, Vavrin Z, Hibbs JB Jr, Krahenbuhl JL. L-arginine-dependent macrophage effector functions inhibit metabolic activity of Mycobacterium leprae. J Immunol 1991;147:1642-6.
  13. De Groote MA, Fang FC. NO inhibitions: antimicrobial properties of nitric oxide. Clin Infect Dis 1995;21(Suppl 2):S162-5. https://doi.org/10.1093/clinids/21.Supplement_2.S162
  14. Mahmoud, YA, Harada K, Nagasaki A, Gotoh T, Takeya M, Salimuddin, Ueda A, Mori M. Expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase and enzymes of arginine metabolism in Fusarium kyushuense-exposed mouse lung. Nitric Oxide 1999;3:302-11. https://doi.org/10.1006/niox.1999.0241
  15. El-Meghawry EL-Kenawy AE. HSP70 expression as a stress response of Aspergillus flavus infection in rat lung: a protective mechanism and anti-apoptotic cell death. Res J Med Med Sci 2006;1:135-9.
  16. Ding M, St Pierre BA, Parkinson JF, Medberry P, Wong JL, Rogers NE, Ignarro LJ, Merrill JE. Inducible nitric-oxide synthase and nitric oxide production in human fetal astrocytes and microglia: a kinetic analysis. J Biol Chem 1997;272:11327-35. https://doi.org/10.1074/jbc.272.17.11327
  17. Abebi H. Catalane. In: Bergmeyer HU, editor. Methods of enzymatic analysis. New York: Public Academic Press; 1974. p. 673-84.
  18. Ohkawa H, Ohishi N, Yagi K. Assay for lipid peroxides in animal tissues by thiobarbituric acid reaction. Anal Biochem 1979;95:351-8. https://doi.org/10.1016/0003-2697(79)90738-3
  19. Lowery O, Rosebrough N, Fare A, Randall R. Protein measurement in the rat kidney. Int J Tissue React 1951;4:135-9.
  20. Mancini G, Carbonara AO, Heremans JF. Immunochemical quantitation of antigens by single radial immunodiffusion. Immunochemistry 1965;2:235-54. https://doi.org/10.1016/0019-2791(65)90004-2
  21. Snedecor GW. Statistical methods applied to experiments in agriculture and biology. 5th ed. Ames: Iowa State College Press; 1956.
  22. Ricordy R, Gensabella G, Cacci E, Augusti-Tocco G. Impairment of cell cycle progression by aflatoxin B1 in human cell lines. Mutagenesis 2002;17:241-9. https://doi.org/10.1093/mutage/17.3.241
  23. Miller RA, Britigan BE. Role of oxidants in microbial pathophysiology. Clin Microbiol Rev 1997;10:1-18.
  24. Philippe B, Ibrahim-Granet O, Prevost MC, Gougerot-Pocidalo MA, Sanchez Perez M, Van der Meeren A, Latge JP. Killing of Aspergillus fumigatus by alveolar macrophages is mediated by reactive oxidant intermediates. Infect Immun 2003;71:3034-42. https://doi.org/10.1128/IAI.71.6.3034-3042.2003
  25. Pugliese A, Savarino A, Vidotto V, Cantamessa C, Pescarmona GP. Effect of Aspergillus terreus mycotoxins on nitric oxide synthase activity in human erythroid K-562 cells. Cell Biochem Funct 1999;17:35-45. https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1099-0844(199903)17:1<35::AID-CBF809>3.0.CO;2-C
  26. Cusumano V, Costa GB, Seminara S. Effect of aflatoxins on rat peritoneal macrophages. Appl Environ Microbiol 1990;56:3482-4.
  27. Waldorf AR. Pulmonary defense mechanisms against opportunistic fungal pathogens. Immunol Ser 1989;47:243-71.
  28. MacMicking J, Xie QW, Nathan C. Nitric oxide and macrophage function. Annu Rev Immunol 1997;15:323-50. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.immunol.15.1.323
  29. Coombs RR, Gell PG. Classification of allergic reactions responsible for clinical hypersensitivity and disease. In: Gell PG, Coombs RR, Lachmann PJ, editors. Clinical aspects of immunology. 3rd ed. Oxford: Blackwell Scientific Publications; 1975. p. 761-81
  30. Adams DO. The granulomatous inflammatory response: a review. Am J Pathol 1976;84:164-92.
  31. Enelow RI, Sullivan GW, Carper HT, Mandell GL. Cytokine-induced human multinucleated giant cells have enhanced candidacidal activity and oxidative capacity compared with macrophages. J Infect Dis 1992;166:664-8. https://doi.org/10.1093/infdis/166.3.664
  32. Epstein WL. Granulomatous hypersensitivity. Prog Allergy 1967;11:36-88.
  33. Ando M, Dannenberg AM Jr, Shima K. Macrophage accumulation, division, maturation and digestive and microbicidal capacities in tuberculous lesions. II. Rate at which mononuclear cells enter and divide in primary BCG lesions and those of reinfection. J Immunol 1972;109:8-19.
  34. Spencer H. Pathology of lung: excluding pulmonary tuberculosis. Philadelphia: W.B. Saunders; 1997. p 284-5.