The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy

The Korean Society of Physical Therapy (대한물리치료학회)
권호 표지

The Effect of Plantar Foot Pressure Negotitating Obstacles in the Elderly

  • Seo, Kyo-Chul (Department of Physical Therapy, Daegu university) ;
  • Kim, Hyeun-Ae (Department of Physical Therapy, Pohang College) ;
  • Kim, Hee-Tak (Department of Physical Therapy, Pohang College) ;
  • Kim, Sung-Gyung (Department of Physical Therapy, Catholic University of Daegu) ;
  • Kim, Jin-Sang (Department of Physical Therapy, College of Rehabilitation Science, Daegu University)
  • Received : 2011.10.30
  • Accepted : 2011.11.26
  • Published : 2011.12.26
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

Purpose: This research investigated falls due to obstacles that occur among elderly people by assessing changes in the values of plantar foot force, peak force, and plantar foot pressure in elderly subjects while they were stepping over obstacles of different heights. Methods: The subjects were 20 elderly people aged 70-80 years; Pressure was measured on flat ground(0 cm), and after installing obstacles of 8 cm and 12 cm using the F-scan system, which is a resistance-type pressure sensor. A one-way analysis of variance was performed to compare pressure on each part of the foot according to various heights after collecting data using the Tekscan program. The least significant difference test was used for the post-hoc analysis, A p-value <0.05 was considered significant. Results: The force value for the toe area (parts 1, and 2) and contact pressure increased significantly with the 12 cm obstacle (p<0.05). The peak force value and the peak contact pressure for part 1 increased significantly with the 12 cm obstacle (p<0.05). Conclusion: Larger changes appeared in the functions and structure of the foot while subjects walked over obstacles of different heights compared to flatland walking. This result suggests that people have safety strategies to prevent falls, and that there is a need for a more realistic approach through practice to overcome obstacles of various heights to prevent falls.

Keywords

References

  1. Statistics Korea. Statistic collection, Statistics Korea, 2006.
  2. Campbell AJ, Borrie MJ, Spears GF et al. Circumstances and consequences of falls experienced by a community population 70 years and over during a prospective study. Age Ageing. 1990;19(2):345-346.
  3. Choi DW. The Characteristics of Patiences Experiencing Falls in Regard to their Physical Functional Abilities, Medical History at the Health Promotion Medicine Center. Journal of Sports and Leisure Studies. 2009;35(2):783-770.
  4. Blake AJ, Morgan K, Bendall MJ et al. Falls by elderly people at home: prevalence and associated factors. Age Ageing. 1988;17(6):365-372. https://doi.org/10.1093/ageing/17.6.365
  5. Prince F, Corriveau H, Hebert R et al. Gait in the elderly. Gait and Posture. 1997;5(2):128-135. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0966-6362(97)01118-1
  6. Privince MA, Hadley MC, Horbrook. The effects of exercise on falls in elderly patients. JAMA. 1995;273(17):1341-247. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.1995.03520410035023
  7. Close J, Ellis M, Hooper R et al. Prevention of falls in the elderly trial; a randomised controlled trial. Lancet. 1999;353(1947): 93-99.
  8. Monane M, Avorn J, Medications and falls: causation, correlation, and prevention. Clin Geriatr Med. 1996;12(2) 847-858.
  9. Kim HD. The effect of obstacle height on balance control while stepping over on obstacle from a postion of quiet stance in older adults. J Kor Soc Phys Ther. 2009;21(3):75-80.
  10. Koo HM, Kim MH. The Effect of a Rollator on Plantar Pressure and Foot Balance during Gait in old-aged Adults. J Kor Soc Phys Thers. 2010;22(5):71-76.
  11. Gross M, Stenvenson P, Charette S et al. Effects of muscle strength and movement speed on the biomechanic of rising from a chair in healthy elderly and young women. Gait and posture. 1998;8(3):175-185. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0966-6362(98)00033-2
  12. Petrarca M, Giuseppe D, Cappa P et al. Stepping over obstacles of different heights. Gait and Posture. 2006;24(3):331-341. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gaitpost.2005.10.010
  13. Chen H, Ashton-Miller J, Alexander N et al. Gait patterns of healthy young and old adult. J Gerontol. 1991;46(6):196-203. https://doi.org/10.1093/geronj/46.6.M196
  14. Han JT, Lee MH, Kim K. The Study of Plantar Foot Pressure Distribution during Obstacle Crossing with Different Height in Normal Young Adults. Korean Journal of Sport Biomechanics. 2008:18(2):1-9. https://doi.org/10.5103/KJSB.2008.18.2.001
  15. Austin G, Garrett G, Bohannon R. Kinematic analysis of obstacle clearance during locomotion. Gait and Posture. 1999;10(2):109-120. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0966-6362(99)00022-3
  16. Han JT, Gong WT, Yun SL. Comparison of muscle activity with lower extremity during stairs and ramp climbing of old adults by EMG. J Kor Soc Phys Ther. 2009;21(3):75-80.
  17. No JS, Kim TH. Reliability of Plantar Pressure Measures Using the Parotec system. KAUTPT. 2001;8(3):35-41.
  18. Lee JS, Kim YJ, Park SB. A Study of In-sole Plantar Pressure Distribution in Functional Tennis Shoes. Korean Journal of Sport Biomechanics 2004;14(3):99-118. https://doi.org/10.5103/KJSB.2004.14.3.099
  19. Said CM, Goldie AE, Patla WA et al. Obstacle crossing in subjects with stroke. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 1999;80(9) :1054-1059. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0003-9993(99)90060-6
  20. Kim YJ, Ji JG, Kim JT et al. A comparison study for mask plantar pressure measures to the difference of shoes in 20 female. Korean Journal of Sport Biomechanics. 2004;15(3):83-98.
  21. Jung SM. Effects of Short-Term Intensive Balance Training for the Performance Ability of Lower Extremities in the Elderly. KAUTPT. 2007;14(1):11-20.
  22. Brown M, Sinacore DR, Host HH. The relationshinp of strength to function in the older adult. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci. 1995;50(A):55-59.
  23. Shephard RJ. Exercise and aging: Extending independence in older adults. Gerantrics. 1993;48(5):61-64.
  24. Sparrow WA, Shinkfield AJ, Chow S et al. Characteristics of gait in stepping over obstacles. Hum Mow Sci. 1996;15(8) :605-22.
  25. Bogey RA, Gitter AJ, Barnes LA. Determination of ankle muscle power in normal gait using an EMG-to-Force Processing approach, J Electromyogr Kinesiol. 2010;20(1): 46-54. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jelekin.2008.09.013
  26. McGowan CP, Kram R, Neptune RR. Modulation of leg muscle function in response to altered demand for body support and forward propulsion during walking. J Biomech. 2009;43 (7)850-857.
  27. Rutherford DJ, Hubely-Kozey C. Explaining th hip adduction monent variablity during gait : implication for hip abductor strengthening. Clin Biomech. 2009;24(3):267-273. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clinbiomech.2008.12.006
  28. Kernozek TW, LaMotte EE. Comparisom of platar pressures between the elderly and woung adults. Gait and posture. 1995;3(3):143-148. https://doi.org/10.1016/0966-6362(95)99064-R
  29. Hsue BJ, Miller F, Su FC. The dynamic balance of the children with cerebral palsy and typical developing during gait, Part I: Spatial relationship between COM and COP trajectories. Gait and postrue. 2009;39(3):465-470.
  30. Ye MU, Lee SD, Lee DC et al. An Analysis of walk speed and plantar foot pressure distribution with safety shoes. The Korea Institude of Plant Engineearing. 2006;11(1):51-63.
  31. Park MC, Lee SY, Lee MG. Plantar foot of stroke patients while crossing obstacle of defferent heights. J Phys ther Sci. 2010;22(2):135-139. https://doi.org/10.1589/jpts.22.135
  32. Stewart L. In-shoe pressure distributaion in MBT shoe versus flat-bottomed training shoes: A preliminary study. Department of orthopedic surgery. SSC4 report
  33. Said CM, Goldie PA, Culham E et al. Control of lead and trail limbs during obstacle clossing following stroke. Phys ther. 2005;85(5):413-427.