Changes of the Fruit Quality According to Temperature Environment and Marketing Period during Simulated Exportation in 'Whasan' Pears

'화산' 배 모의수출 기간 중 온도환경 및 유통기간에 따른 품질변화

  • Kim, Jin-Gook (Fruit Research Division, National Institute of Horticultural & Herbal Science) ;
  • Oh, Kyoung-Young (Dept. of Horticulture, Chungnam National University) ;
  • Lee, Ug-Yong (Dept. of Horticulture, Chungnam National University) ;
  • Ma, Kyeong-Bok (Pear Research Station, National Institute of Horticultural & Herbal Science) ;
  • Hwang, Yong-Soo (Dept. of Horticulture, Chungnam National University) ;
  • Choi, Jong-Myung (Dept. of Horticulture, Chungnam National University) ;
  • Chun, Jong-Pil (Dept. of Horticulture, Chungnam National University)
  • 김진국 (국립원예특작과학원 과수과) ;
  • 오경영 (충남대학교 농업생명과학대학 원예학과) ;
  • 이욱용 (충남대학교 농업생명과학대학 원예학과) ;
  • 마경복 (국립원예특작과학원 배시험장) ;
  • 황용수 (충남대학교 농업생명과학대학 원예학과) ;
  • 최종명 (충남대학교 농업생명과학대학 원예학과) ;
  • 천종필 (충남대학교 농업생명과학대학 원예학과)
  • Received : 2011.10.19
  • Accepted : 2011.11.04
  • Published : 2011.12.31

Abstract

In this study, we evaluated the fruit quality indices and the incidence of physiological disorders of Korean new pear cultivar 'Whasan' to determine appropriate harvest time for exportation and to enhance storability and shelf-life of the fruits during simulated exportation and extending market environment under different temperature conditions. In the experiment of simulated exportation headed for North America including Canada and U.S.A., the fruits transported at $1^{\circ}C$ showed less weight loss than those of $5^{\circ}C$. Market temperature appeared as a key factor for keeping freshness of exported pear fruits rather than transportation temperature. Quality factors such as high flesh firmness and low incidence of fruit rot and physiological disorders including core breakdown and pithiness were attained at the fruits maintained at $18^{\circ}C$ when we compared with $25^{\circ}C$. The fruits of harvested early maturity at 135 day after full bloom showed 28.6 N of flesh firmness when the fruits stored at $1^{\circ}C$ of transportation and $18^{\circ}C$ of market temperature, while the fruits progressed $5^{\circ}C$ of transportation and $25^{\circ}C$ of market temperature dropped to 24.2 N during 30 days of shelf life. Also, a high incidences of physiological disorders and of fruit decay rates were obvious in the fruits distributed at $25^{\circ}C$ were observed approximately two times higher than the those of $18^{\circ}C$. Therefore, temperature management during marketing resulted as an important point for maintaining fruits quality in the process of pear fruit exportation.

본 실험은 수출과정 중 '화산' 배의 신선도를 유지하기 위한 목적으로 과실의 숙도별 적정수송온도 및 유통온도의 설정을 위하여 모의유통기간 중 과실의 품질과 생리장해 발생을 조사하였다. 만개 후 135일에 수확한 과실의 경우, 유통 30일에 조사한 과실 경도는 $1^{\circ}C$에 수송되고 $18^{\circ}C$에서 유통된 과실은 28.6N로 조사되었던 반면 $5^{\circ}C$에서 수송되고 $25^{\circ}C$에서 유통된 과실은 24.2N으로 수송 및 유통온도가 낮을수록 경도가 높게 유지되었다. 만개 후 145일에 수확한 과실의 경도는 만개 후 135일에 수확한 과실에 비하여 유통기간 중 경도가 현저하게 낮았는데 유통온도가 높을수록 과육의 경도 저하가 빠르게 진행되었다. 과실의 생리장해 발생을 측정한 결과, 수송온도와 관계없이, $25^{\circ}C$에서 유통된 과실이 $18^{\circ}C$에서 유통된 과실보다 과육의 생리장해 발생 및 과실 부패율이 2배 이상 높게 측정되어 수출과정 중 과실의 신선도 유지를 위해서는 유통온도의 관리가 보다 중요한 요인으로 작용하는 것이 확인되었다. 따라서 수출과정 중 발생하는 경제적 손실을 줄이고 고품질 과실의 유통을 위해서는 유통환경을 고려한 수확시기 조절 및 수송 유통과정에서의 철저한 온도관리가 필수적으로 판단된다.

Keywords

References

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