Production of High Loaded Paper by Dual Flow Additions of Fillers (I) -Effects of Filler Addition at Thick Stock on Paper Properties and Papermaking Process -

충전제 투입위치 이원화에 의한 고충전지 제조 (I) - 고농도 지료 충전이 종이물성과 공정에 미치는 영향 -

  • Cho, Byoung-Uk (Dept. of Paper Science & Engineering, College of Forest & Environmental Sciences, Kangwon National University) ;
  • Kim, Hyuk-Jung (Dept. of Paper Science & Engineering, College of Forest & Environmental Sciences, Kangwon National University) ;
  • Won, Jong-Myoung (Dept. of Paper Science & Engineering, College of Forest & Environmental Sciences, Kangwon National University)
  • 조병욱 (강원대학교, 산림환경과학대학, 제지공학과) ;
  • 김혁중 (강원대학교, 산림환경과학대학, 제지공학과) ;
  • 원종명 (강원대학교, 산림환경과학대학, 제지공학과)
  • Received : 2011.10.24
  • Accepted : 2011.12.07
  • Published : 2011.12.30

Abstract

Fillers have been used for papermaking in order to enhance the optical properties, to improve sheet formation, printability and dimensional stability and to reduce the furnish cost. However, filler particles in paper interfere with fiber-fiber bonding, resulting in decreased paper strength. In order to increase filler content in paper without sacrificing too much paper strength, dual addition technology of fillers was investigated. As a first step, the effects of thick stock addition of fillers on paper properties and papermaking process were elucidated. It was shown that thick stock addition of fillers could increase paper strength at a given filler content. No significant adverse effects on formation, drainage and filler retention were observed. However, bulk of paper was reduced with thick stock addition of fillers, which shall be resolved with regulating other factors such as the mixing ratio of pulps and type of fillers.

Keywords

References

  1. Bohmer, E., Filling and loading, In Pulp and Paper Chemistry and Chemical Technology, Casey, J. P. (ed.), Vol. 3, John Willey & Sons, Inc., USA, pp. 1515-1546 (1981).
  2. Gill, R. A. and Hagemeyer, R. W., Fillers for paper, In Pulp and Paper Manufacture, Kouris, M. and Kocurek, M. J. (ed.), Vol. 6, the Joint Textbook Committee of the Paper Industry, TAPPI and CPPA, USA and Canada, pp. 19-38 (1992).
  3. Krogerus, B., Fillers and pigments, In Papermaking Science and Technology, Neimo, L (ed.) Vol. 4, Fapet Oy, Finland, pp. 115-149 (1999).
  4. Fairchild, H.G., Increasing the filler content of PCC-filled alkaline papers, Tappi J., 75(8): 85-90 (1992).
  5. Patrick, K. "Filling" the needs of today's papermakers, PaperAge, November/December: 30-33 (2005).
  6. Liimatainen, H., Kokko, S., Rousu, P. and Niinimäki, J., Effect of PCC filler on dewatering of fiber suspension, Tappi J. 5(11):11-17 (2006).
  7. Dong, C., Song, D., Patterson, T., Ragauskas, A. and Deng, Y., Energy saving in papermaking through filler addition, Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 47: 8430-8435 (2008). https://doi.org/10.1021/ie8011159
  8. Karademir, A., Chew, Y.S., Hoyland, R.W. and Xiao, H., Influence of fillers on sizing efficiency and hydrolysis of alkyl ketene dimer, Can. J. Chem. Eng. 83: 603-606 (2005).
  9. Adams, J.M., Particle size and shape effects in materials science: examples from polymer and paper systems, Clay Minerals 28: 509-530 (1993). https://doi.org/10.1180/claymin.1993.028.4.03
  10. Han, Y.R. and Seo, Y.B., Effect of particle shape and size of calcium carbonate on physical properties of paper, Journal of Korea Tappi 29(1): 7-12 (1997).
  11. Gill, R.A., The performance of precipitated calcium carbonate fillers in fine quality printing and writing papers, Proceedings Materials Res. Soc. Symp., 197: 325-341 (1990).
  12. Papp, J., The use of calcined clay in lightweight papers, Nordic Pulp Paper Res. J. 1: 4-7 (1989).
  13. Bown, R., Particle size, shape and structure of paper fillers and their effect on paper properties, Paper Technology, 39(March): 44-48 (1998).
  14. Li, L., Collis, A. and Pelton, R., A new analysis of filler effects on paper strength, J. Pulp Paper Sci. 28(8): 267-273 (2002).
  15. Mohlin, U.-B. and Ldander, K., The influence of mechanical pulp quality on the properties of filler- containing papers, Nordic Pulp Paper Res. J. 1(4): 44-51 (1986). https://doi.org/10.3183/NPPRJ-1986-01-04-p044-051
  16. Lee, K. H. and Lee, H. L., Preflocculation of GCC with cationic PAM and cationic starch and influence of their dosage and shear rate on prefloc size, Journal of Korea TAPPI 38(4): 1-9 (2006).
  17. 모규열, 이학래, 고분자에 의한 GCC의 응집거동 평가 및 선응집 충전물의 활용효과, 2003 Spring Conference of Korea TAPPI Proceedings, pp. 154-158.
  18. 이학래, 윤혜정, 김종민, 이경호, Effects of GCC preflocculation on the physical properties of paper, 2004 Fall Conference of Korea TAPPI Proceedings, pp. 193-197.
  19. 이학래, 서동일, 선응집 기술을 적용한 충전물의 크기에 따른 수초지의 물성 평가, 2008 Fall Conference of Korea TAPPI Proceedings, pp. 315-322.
  20. Youn, H. J., Chin. S. M., Ryu J. H. and Kwon, H. S., Basic study on electrochemical properties of multilayered pulp fibers with polyelectrolytes, Journal of Korea TAPPI 39(4): 53-60 (2007).
  21. Chin, S. M. Rye, J. H., Lee, S. R. and Youn H. J., Effect of pulp type and fines content in a stock on the polyelectrolyte multilayering onto pulp fiber, Journal of Korea TAPPI 40(3): 15-22 (2008).
  22. Rye, R. H., Lee, S., Chin, S. M. and Youn H. J., Electrochemical properties of pulp fiber with LbL multilatering by polyelectrolyte at the different pH and salt concentration, Jouranl of Korea TAPPI 40(4): 59-65 (2008).
  23. Lee, J., Ryu, J., Sim, K., Ahn, J. E., Lee, H. L., and Youn, H. J., Preliminary study on properties of Layerby-Layer assembled GCC with polyelectrolytes, Jouranl of Korea TAPPI 43(3): 35-42 (2011).
  24. Shen, J., Song, Z., Qian, X. and Liu, W., Modification of papermaking grade fillers: a brief review, BioResources 4(3): 1190-1209 (2009).
  25. Subramanian, R., Maloney, T. and Paulapuro, H., Calcium carbonate composite fillers, TAPPI J. 4(7): 23-27 (2005).
  26. Subramanian, R., Fordsmand, H. and Paulapuro, H., Precipitated calcium carbonate (PCC) - cellulose composite fillers; effect of PCC particle structure on the production and properteis of uncoated fine paper, BioResources 2(1): 91-105 (2007).
  27. Subramanian, R., Fordsmand, H., Paltakari, J. and Paulapuro, H., A new composite fine paper with high filler loading and functional cellulosic microfines, J. Pulp Paper Sci. 34(3): 146-152 (2008).
  28. Klungness, J. H., Ahmed, A., Ross-Sutherland, N. and Abubakr, S. Lightweight, high-opacity paper by fiber loading: filler comparison, Nordic Pulp Paper Res. J. 15(5): 345-350 (2000). https://doi.org/10.3183/NPPRJ-2000-15-05-p345-350
  29. Lei, Y., Yan. Q., Liu, S. and Yuan, J., Papermaking of mineral fiber composites, J. Scientific & Ind. Res. 69 (March): 215-220 (2010).
  30. Kim, S. H. and Jo, B. M., The effect of lumen loading on paper properties of pulp fiber, Journal of Korea TAPPI 25(2): 31-41 (1993).
  31. Othman, R., Zakaria, S., Chia, C.-H., ZuriYati, A. and Isa, N., Mechanical and optical properties of $CaCo_{3}$ lumen-loaded paper: Effect of polyethylenimine and alum, Sains Malaysiana 39(3): 435-439 (2010).
  32. Haller, T. M., Stryker L. J. and Janson, J. A., PCC application strategies to improve papermaking profitability. Part I. Thick stock precipitated calcium carbonate, 2001 Papermakers Conference Proceedings.
  33. Cho, B.-U., Garnier, G., van de Ven, T. G. M. and Perrier, M., A bridging model for the effect of a dual component flocculation system on the strength of fiber contacts in flocs of pulp fibers: Implications for control of paper uniformity, Colloids and Surfaces A: Physicochem. Eng. Aspects 287: 117-125 (2006). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.colsurfa.2006.03.029
  34. Hubbe, M. A. and Heitmann, J. A., Review on factors affecting the release of water from cellulosic fibers during paper manufacture, BioResources 2(3): 500-533 (2007).